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Topic: Arenavirus

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	Arenavirus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Arenavirus: One of a family of viruses called Arenaviridae whose members are generally associated with diseases transmitted by rodents to humans.
		Each arenavirus is usually associated with a particular rodent host species in which it is maintained.
		The genome of arenaviruses is composed of RNA only, and while their replication strategy is not completely understood, it is known that new viral particles, called virions, are created by budding from the surface of their hosts' cells.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26655 (652 words)

	Arenavirus Infection Linked to Deaths in California
		In the 14-year-old patient, arenavirus has been confirmed and in the two others, the virus is highly suspected based on initial laboratory tests.
		Like hantavirus, which causes a rare, but often fatal respiratory disease, arenaviruses are believed to be transmitted to humans through inhalation of dust contaminated with the urine, feces or saliva of infected rodents.
		In addition, scientists try to detect antibodies to arenavirus, stain tissues for evidence of the virus or isolate the virus in tissue culture.
	www.ci.berkeley.ca.us /news/2000/00aug/080400arena.html (992 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 57
		Cell-mediated immunity is important in arenavirus infections of experimental animals; it is sometimes harmful, but is probably beneficial in human infections, at least for Lassa fever.
		In every case in which a human arenavirus disease has been studied, an interface between humans and rodents has been described; the one common characteristic of these zoonotic infection patterns is human contact with rodent excreta.
		Arenavirus species may be identified by their unique surface glycoproteins and infectivity neutralization.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch057.htm (2817 words)

	Arenaviruses \| CDC Special Pathogens Branch
		Arenavirus infections are relatively common in humans in some areas of the world and can cause severe illnesses.
		The first arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), was isolated in 1933 during a study of an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis.
		Although not the cause of the outbreak, LCMV was found to be a cause of aseptic (nonbacterial) meningitis.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/arena.htm (857 words)

	Arenavirus confirmed in California - September 15, 2000
		Arenavirus is also suspected in the death of a 52-year-old Riverside woman in June of last year, and in a 30-year-old female from Orange County who died in June of this year.
		Arenavirus is believed to be transmitted to humans through inhalation of dust contaminated with the urine, feces, or saliva of infected rodents.
		The arenavirus strain found in California is called Whitewater Arroyo virus, named after the place it was found in woodrats four years ago in New Mexico.
	www.avma.org /onlnews/javma/sep00/s091500l.asp (250 words)

	NewsMax.com: Article Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The arenavirus itself is a speckled virus whose name derives from the Latin word for sand.
		She said one of the three cases has been absolutely confirmed as being caused by an arenavirus, and the other two appear to be going in that direction as the results of the final lab tests are awaited.
		The last known arenavirus case in the U.S. was that of a Yale University virologist who accidentally became infected after he broke a container that contained the virus that was to be used for study, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
	www.newsmax.com /articles/archive/get2.pl?a=2000/8/5/02210 (606 words)

	2004 Scientific Report - Neuropharmacology
		Arenavirus particles are pleomorphic, ranging from 44 to about 500 nm in diameter, and contain variable numbers of a bisegmented ambisense single-stranded RNA genome.
		Electron cryomicroscopy and image analysis of New World Pichinde and Tacaribe arenaviruses and Old World lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus revealed that the distribution of arenavirus diameters was consistent with conserved periodic classes of virion size that may be related by modular inclusion or exclusion of 4-ribonucleoprotein units.
		A, The arenavirus glycoprotein complexes are present in 2-dimensional, orthorhombic arrays on the surface of the virion.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sr/sr2004/np04buchmeier.html (1039 words)

	BugInfo.com \| Information on All Your Household Bugs and Pests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ebola, Hantavirus, Arenavirus, and many other viral diseases are referred to as "Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, as one of the symptoms of the disease in its late stages may be bleeding, bloody vomiting, or bloody diarrhea.
		It also is possible for humans to become infected by direct contact with infected rodents, either by contact with an open break in the skin, a rodent bite, or touching the mouth with fingers or objects that may be carrying the virus.
		Wood Rats, the vectors of Arenavirus, generally stay outdoors, and their nests may be large, visible piles of sticks and debris with the living quarters inside.
	www.buginfo.com /articles/hanta.cfm (2226 words)

	[No title]
		The arenavirus is strongly suspected in the June death of a 30-year-old Orange County woman and in the death one year earlier of a 52-year-old woman in neighboring Riverside County.
		Rodent infections with the arenavirus have been documented in Southern California in the past few years, but human infections have been observed only in travelers returning from overseas and in laboratory personnel accidentally exposed while doing research, said Diana Bonta, the state health director.
		The arenavirus strain found in the California deaths is called the Whitewater Arroyo virus, so named after the place in New Mexico where it was found in woodratsfour years ago, Jay said.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/nebraska/1386/ratvirus.htm (740 words)

	Pet Health: Arenavirus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		State Health Director Diana M. Bonta announced earlier this month that an extensive investigation had linked three separate deaths in California to the rare arenavirus, believed to be transmitted to humans by inhaling dust contaminated with urine, feces or saliva from infected rodents.
		Arenavirus infections in rodents have been documented in Southern California in recent years.
		Jay explained that the nature of both the arenavirus and the hantavirus make it unlikely that a cat or dog would become ill or directly transmit the disease to its owner.
	www.valleypetnews.com /health_arenavirus.htm (658 words)

	Arenavirus Carried by Rats Causes Deaths in California
		SANTA ANA, August 4 The death of a 30-year-old Orange County woman is among three in California linked to an arenavirus that had never before been acquired by humans in North America, a health official said.
		Its causative agent is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), an arenavirus.
		Although LCMV is most commonly recognized as causing neurological disease, pregnancy-related infection has been associated with abortion, congenital hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis, and mental retardation.
	www.multiscope.com /ratzapper/arenavirus.htm (337 words)

	Guanarito Virus
		The arenavirus Guanarito is the causal agent and the virus natural reservoir is the rodent Zygodontomys brevicauda (cane mouse).
		Size: Morphologically, arenavirus virions consist of enveloped particles that vary in diameter from approximately 60 to more than 300 nm, with a mean particle size of 92 nm as determined by electron microscopy (Peters et al., 1996).
		The specific etiologic diagnosis of arenavirus infections can be made by isolating the virus from the blood, serum, throat swabs, urine, and other specimens in a variety of mammalian cell monolayers (Vainrub and Salas, 1994).
	staff.vbi.vt.edu /pathport/pathinfo/pathogens/Guanarito_virus.html (4115 words)

	Dialnet: Fiebres hemorrágicas por arenavirus en Venezuela
		The arenavirus of the New World or Arenavirus Tacaribe Complex are composed by three main groups: A, B and C. Inside B group, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito and Sabia are the latin american arenavirus that cause serious hemorrhagic pathologies.
		In Venezuela, arenavirus Guanarito is the etiologic agent of Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF), severe disease characterized by fever, headache, sore throat, malaise, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhoea and hemorrhagic and neurological manifestations.
		The arenavirus Guanarito is maintained in the nature by the sugar cane mouse, Zygodontomis brevicauda, in which the virus establishes a chronic and persistent infection.
	dialnet.unirioja.es /servlet/oaiart?codigo=1119733 (284 words)

	M. Mark Djavani - Research Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Confocal and co-immunoprecipitation studies have identified interactions between the arenavirus small zinc-binding protein "Z" and the host-oncosuppressor protein PML and proline-rich homeodomain protein PRH.
		Djavani is interested in understanding the molecular changes that occur during the development of arenavirus disease, particularly hemorrhagic fever.
		His aim is to identify the earliest signs of disease for a hemorrhagic fever virus and distinguish these signs from infection with a non-virulent virus.
	www.ihv.org /bios/djavani_research.html (320 words)

	CRORA : RESUME DES PUBLICATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In this review, we have attempted to summarize the present state and perspectives of antiviral therapy for arenavirus infections in relation to the dramatic increase in virus emergence during the last decade.
		However, all the nucleoside analogues tested against arenaviruses up to now have the serious drawback of a considerable level of toxicity and, in considering the equilibrium risk-benefit ratio, ribavirin is still accepted at present as the most valuable chemotherapeutic agent for arenavirus treatment.
		Even with an effective vaccine, occasional outbreaks are expected to occur due to the characteristics of the viruses, for example, because of ecological changes in the habits of the natural rodent reservoir.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/banques/CRORA/res8/re4525.htm (440 words)

	Health Care Agency: Public Health Bulletin
		Arenavirus and Orange County—An Update O n August 3, 2000, the California Department of Health Services issued a press release that described one con-firmed and two suspect cases of fatal arenavirus infection in California residents.
		An arenavirus was isolated from the confirmed case, a 14 year-old resident of the Bay Area.
		The only arenavirus previously recognized to cause illness in North America is lymphocytic chori- omeningitis virus, a cause of aseptic meningitis.
	www.ochealthinfo.com /newsletters/phbulletin/2000/2000-fall.htm (3337 words)

	Arena Virus
		The members of the family of viruses named Arenaviridae are the viruses that are associated with rodent transmitted disease in humans.
		The first arenavirus was isolated in 1933 during a study of an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis, causing aseptic (nonbacterial) meningitis.
		The assay confirmed the presence of the Whitewater Arroyo (WWA) virus prototype strain (an arenavirus recovered from a Neotoma albigula [white-throated woodrat]) from New Mexico in the early 1990s.
	www.cvmvcd.org /information/diseases/arena.htm (514 words)

	Geographic Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Whitewater Arroyo Virus in the Southwestern United States Emerging ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Infectious arenavirus was recovered from 14 (3.3%) of 425 woodrats.
		All work with rodent tissues and infectious arenavirus was performed in a biosafety level 3 laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA) or University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
		The specimens from the Museum of Southwestern Biology were chosen to represent localities in which antibody to an arenavirus was found in one or more Neotoma species in a previous study (13).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_3_7/ai_75996416 (785 words)

	Virology Journal \| Full text \| The role of myristoylation in the membrane association of the Lassa virus matrix protein ...
		In addition to its multifunctional regulatory role in the arenavirus life cycle, Z is also a structural component of the virus particle [13].
		It has been shown that Z is the arenavirus counterpart to matrix proteins found in other negative-stranded RNA viruses [14,15].
		For the glycoprotein GP of the New world arenavirus Junin virus it was recently shown that its signal peptide is myristoylated and mutation of this myristoylation motif resulted in reduced membrane fusion activity of GP Similar results were observed for LASV GP (T. Strecker, unpublished results).
	www.virologyj.com /content/3/1/93 (5283 words)

	Fatal Illnesses Associated With a New World Arenavirus - California, 1999-2000 - Statistical Data Included Morbidity ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In addition, infectious arenavirus was recovered from materials from the 14-year-old patient by cultivation of the virus in monolayer cultures of Vero E6 cells; virus isolation attempts on materials from the 30-year-old patient are under way.
		Serologic assays (indirect fluorescent antibody assay and lgG enzyme immunoassay) for arenavirus antibody were negative for all three patients.
		Standard precautions should be used during treatment of patients with suspected arenavirus infection and standard precautions plus contact/droplet/aerosol-specific precautions should be used for patients with severe clinical manifestations [6,7].
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0906/is_31_49/ai_64825075 (866 words)

	Arenavirus
		Arenaviruses are pleomorphic, enveloped, - ss RNA, 4 helical segments and replicates in the cytoplasm.
		Each arenavirus is maintained in nature by one or two rodent species and induces persistent infection with immune "paralysis" or "tolerance" and chronic shedding.
		Five of the 12 known arenavirus are pathogenic to humans.
	www.cvm.umn.edu /academics/course_web/current/Cvm6202V/virology/arena.htm (937 words)

	Disease Project 04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The disease are classified as emerging; new infection to a population, endemic; a disease that is found in the environment around a population, and re-emerging; a disease that has disappeared and has returned.
		Hantavirus, arenavirus, and the spirochete are all emerging because in each example, an environmental change allowed the introduction of these diseases into the population..
		The most effective recommendation of the three diseases is from the Mystery Disease #3 avoid contact with M natalensis rats and their droppings and urine.
	warren.dusd.net /~science/disease/disease_project_04.htm (583 words)

	NurseWeek
		Three deaths during the last 14 months in California have been linked to the arenavirus, a rare virus never before acquired by humans in North America, state health officials revealed in a report earlier this month.
		The virus was uncovered when a University of Texas Medical Branch research lab that studies the rare virus began looking for it in California.
		The lab results of two other California residents, whose deaths were initially registered as unexplained, now suggest the presence of the arenavirus, the report said.
	www.nurseweek.com /news/00-08/812virus.html (279 words)

	www.cybermed.it - Salute - Medicina - Benessere - Envelope Exchange for the Generation of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the prototype arenavirus, induces cell-mediated immunity against Lassa fever virus, but its safety for humans is unclear and untested.
		Using this virus model, we have developed the necessary methodology to efficiently modify arenavirus genomes and have exploited these techniques to identify an arenaviral Achilles' heel suitable for targeting in vaccine design.
		The identification of an arenaviral Achilles' heel demonstrates that the reverse genetic engineering of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines is feasible.
	test.cybermed.it /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10584&Itemid=134 (432 words)

	Characterization of the Genomic Promoter of the Prototypic Arenavirus Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus -- Perez and ...
		The genome of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis
		Tacaribe arenavirus RNA synthesis in vitro is primer dependent and suggests an unusual model for the initiation of genome replication.
		Sequence analysis of the S RNA of the African arenavirus Mopeia: an unusual secondary structure feature in the intergenic region.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/2/1184 (7177 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The viral transmembrane superfamily: possible divergence of Arenavirus and Filovirus ...
		In this respect, a general model of the Arenavirus glycoproteins, based on extensive study of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has been presented based on their overall similarity in functional organization to influenza and to other enveloped viruses.
		The GP-C precursor is proteolytically cleaved near a polybasic site to yield GP-1, a globular surface glycoprotein which contains receptor-binding sites, and GP-2, a TM protein forming the stalk of the complex via a coiled coil of amphipathic helices and responsible for virus entry by acid-dependent membrane fusion [7,8,9,10].
		We present here a detailed model of GP-2 for Lassa fever virus, an Arenavirus associated with multiple epidemics of hemorrhagic fever with high morbidity and mortality in West Africa [11,12], and for the related lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) which has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human disease in Europe and North America [12].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/1/1 (2712 words)

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