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Topic: Areole

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	biology - Areole
		Areoles are the distinctive feature of cacti, and identify them as a separate family from other succulent plants.
		Areoles give rise to spines or, on certain cacti, small, detachable glochids which are an additional form of protection.
		It is the areoles that signify the cactus family as separate from other succulent plants both in the New World and the Old World.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Areole (417 words)

	Areole
		An areole is a distinguishing organ universal to the entire cacti family, it is a condensed lateral shoot from which originate flowers, branches, spines, and (if present) glochids and leaves.
		It became the areole that is to say a condensed lateral shoot.
		In some species, the areole is borne on a podarium, the modified petiole of the obsolete, subtending leaf.
	www.cactus-art.biz /note-book/Dictionary/Dictionary_A/dictionary_areole.htm (360 words)

	Cultivar: issue 2 (12)
		When propagating cacti by areoles take into consideration the location of growing point in the areole (as it is the only point where a new plantlet can start) and the activity of growing points in the areole.
		Areoles of most species which did not give new plantlets were grafted in September or the beginning of quiescent period.
		The method of propagating cacti by grafting areoles may be of great importance for propagating rare plants, for rescuing dying plants, or when it is necessary to obtain in a short time great number of genetically similar plants.
	www.lapshin.org /cultivar/N12/articl2e.htm (1288 words)

	* Areole - (Gardening): Definition
		AREOLE -- A small well-defined area, usually hairy and cushion-like, found on the stem of cacti.
		A cactus has spine cushions, or areoles, from which the spines protrude.
		Whether or not spines are present, all cacti have areoles.
	en.mimi.hu /gardening/areole.html (168 words)

	Cactus Information
		An areole is a structure that bears spines, the buds that eventually turn into flowers and then fruit and sometimes the areoles bear glochids.
		The adaptation of areoles in the cactus family is essential, thus if the spine of a succulent is removed, the tissue surrounding the spine is damaged.
		Rather when a spine is removed from an areole, the tissue is not damaged because the areole bears the spine, the tissue does not bear the spine on a cactus.
	www.colin.edu /shstewart/cactus.htm (2478 words)

	Cacti and Succulents
		Areoles – one of the small, spine-bearing areas on the stem of a cactus; highly specialized axillary or lateral bud or short shoot or branch.
		Looking closely at an areole and tubercle, you can see that an areole is borne on the enlarged leaf base or tubercle.
		The elongation of joints is permanently terminated by the onset of the dry season (determinate growth); subsequent growth of the plant occurs by the initiation of new joints by branching from the areoles.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/landau/cacti.htm (2493 words)

	Areoles, Spines and Ribs - Cactus and Succulent Society of New Zealand (CSSNZ) Inc.
		Areoles, a specialized Auxiliary Bud, is a special vegetative feature that a cactus possesses, from it spines and hairs, new joints (or offsets) and flowers/fruit appear.
		Areoles have two meristems (buds or growing points) one that produces hairs or spines, and the other may produce an offset or flower when awakened.
		What prompts an areole to form an offset is unknown, but it can be forced into producing one by cutting off the growing tip of the cactus, whereby it will form offsets lower down when originally it had no intention of doing this.
	www.cssnz.org /cactus-areoles.php (327 words)

	The Succulent Plant Page: Glossary of Botanical Terms
		Areole - a modified side-shoot growing in the leaf axil, typically as a felted or multi-spined cushion, unique to the Cactaceae.
		In most species, the areole is located on the tubercles or ribs.
		The areole is constructed so that breaking spines off the plant does not injure the underlying tissue.
	www.succulent-plant.com /glossary/plantglossarya.html (1652 words)

	Opuntia in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
		Spines 0-15+ per areole, white, yellow to brown, red-brown to gray, or fl, sometimes partly to wholly white chalky (chalkiness disappearing when wet), aging gray to dark brown to fl, with epidermis intact, not sheathed, acicular to subulate, sometimes setose or with hairlike bristles, terete to angular-flattened, to 75(-170) mm, tips sometimes paler or yellow.
		Glochids in adaxial crescent at margin of areole, in tuft or encircling areole margin, white to yellow to brown, or red-brown, aging white to brown or red-brown.
		Areoles with subapical tuft of glochids poorly developed or absent, in addition to adaxial crescent; inner tepals yellow, orange, or red, often bearing red to salmon bases; filaments yellow or orange to pink; style usually pink to red (rarely whitish); stigma lobes green to yellow-green; sw California
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=123045 (3202 words)

	Turbinicarpus Information Exchange - Description of T. swobodae
		Areole on the tip of the tubercle, ± round to mostly oval, ca.
		This felt is densest and longer lasting on the upper half of the areole.
		Spines 4-6, ± from the lower half of the areole; 1 below, 1 on each side, 1-2 at the top, coming from the middle of the areole, when present, 1 uppermost ± centrally from the lower part of the upper half of the areole; the lowest 3 mostly the shortest, ca.
	www.mfaint.demon.co.uk /cactus/turbo/desc/swobodae.html (596 words)

	Test
		(Areoles are found only in cacti.) These spines protect the plant from predators, but they also help channel water condensed from cool night air down the stem to the plant’s roots.
		Although the radial group spines are similar, the central group consists of a single spine instead of the three or four spines seen earlier.
		Around and between the areoles there is a fine dusting of white fiber-like specks.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjan07/bj-cacti.html (1722 words)

	Friends of Saguaro National Park - About Saguaro National Park: Pincushions
		The distinctive feature of the genus is the specific development of an areole, that is split into two clearly separated parts, one occurring at the tubercules apex, the other at its base.
		The base part of the areole bears the flowers and fruits, and is a branching point.
		The plants are usually small, globose to elongated, the stems from 1 to 20 cm diameter and from 1 to 40 cm tall, clearly tuberculate, solitary to clumping forming mounds of up to 100 heads.
	www.friendsofsaguaro.org /pincushions.html (392 words)

	Prickly Pear
		Evenly spaced across the joints are areoles out of which spines and glochids (prickles) grow.
		They grow from the areoles on the top edge of the joint, but some species also flower from side areoles.
		Areoles: 4-6 in a diaganal row, not raised to somewhat sunken, tan to brown.
	www.catnapin.com /WildWeeds/CactusSucculent/CactusPricklyPear.htm (1978 words)

	AREOLE Articles Areoles are the distinctive feature
		This means that as cacti adapted and evolved to the desert climate, over time they got rid of branches and leaves, which were converted into areoles and spines to protect the plants, and to reduce water loss.
		Some cacti lack spines on their areoles, but instead, (as said above) utilize small, detachable glochids which resemble small, sharp splinters and are very difficult to remove from the skin.
		One of the unique features that cacti developed in adaptation to their ambient climate was the areole.
	www.amazines.com /Areole_related.html (492 words)

	Cactus Adaptations. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The spines are actually known to draw droplets of water towards the areole (the point out of which the spines grow) and here the droplets are absorbed.
		When an areole is born near the top of the plant, it starts developing spines.
		By the time the areole is about 15cm away from the top, the fur wears out completely and the now inactive areole gets exposed to the sun.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/profit/262/adapt.htm (1111 words)

	Mammillaria Cactus Genus Start Page
		You can expect spines, offshoots, and branches to all come from the visible areole, and in some cases, the production of spines may continue for some time at the same areole.
		However, in Mammillaria, all of the meristematic tissue that produces spines is located at the tip of the tubercle, while the meristematic tissue that produces flowers and offsets is located in the axil.
		In a very real sense, Mammillaria have split their areole into two completely different sections one to produce spines, and the other to produce flowers, wool and offsets.
	www.mammillarias.net /faq_uk.php (1667 words)

	2004-09-PlantHighl.html
		Many globular cacti have surfaces composed of little “hills” or tubercles, each with its attendant areole from which the spines and flowers are produced.
		In Leuchtenbergia this is taken to an extreme, with each tubercle elongated into a “finger” topped by a cluster of long papery spines, whose resemblance to old blades of grass help the plant to remain remarkably hard to spot in nature.
		Large fragrant yellow flowers arise from the areole at the base of the spines.
	www.ruthbancroftgarden.org /pages/2004-09-PlantHighl.html (181 words)

	Buckhorn Cholla, Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa
		Each areole on the stems contain 5 to 11 spines and brown glochids.
		The spines range from about 7 to 10 per areole and are 1/4" to 5/8" long, they tend to be reddish in color and they spread out in all directions.
		Thorns: About 7 to 10 per areole and are 1/4" to 5/8" long, they tend to be reddish in color and they spread out in all directions..
	www.delange.org /BuckhornCholla/BuckhornCholla.htm (540 words)

	Ariocarpus Revisited
		New evidence suggests that Schemes B and C are not always distinct and that sometimes individual plants may have both types, this is discussed further in a later section.
		Berger (1925) proposed the genus Roseocactus as a segregate of Ariocarpus, arguing that the areoles were of completely different types and that the place of the origin of the flower was different.
		This areole is usually present on tubercles of mature plants of A.
	www.living-rocks.com /anderson.htm (5190 words)

	Biology of Cacti
		Each tubercle bears an areole, a minute hump of tissue in which spines are propagated.
		The buds of areoles can eventually differentiate into flowers and then fruit depending on the presence or absence of appropriate environmental stimuli and particular precursors.
		In most cases two forms of spines can be distinguished: central spines that are located close to t he apex of the areole, and radial spines which grow around the circumference of the areole apex.
	cactus.biology.dal.ca /biology.html (2083 words)

	Cacti Glossary
		Usually circular or oval, areoles are found along the stems of the plant.
		This areole is the structure from which spines grow, flowers will bud and new stems will branch.
		A raised protruberance on the stem of the plant, usually surrounding each areole.
	www.whitethornhouse.com /cacti/cactiterms.htm (348 words)

	Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS: Image of the Day
		The ridges running from lower left to upper right on the image are the margin of an areole that surrounds the volcano.
		The surface of the areole has been eroded by the wind, indicating that it is not a strongly cemented material - and likely not a lava flow.
		Some of the material being stripped from the areole has been formed into dunes along the outermost margin of the areole.
	themis.la.asu.edu /zoom-20030414a.html (141 words)

	IS THERE ANY UNKNOWN CONSERVATION LAW?
		If the areole pole is situated on the movement line, then the kinetic moment calculated on this point is null.
		Also, we can define the AREOLE SPEED of the material point as the area swiped in the time frame the segment that unites the areole point with the material point.
		Because both the areole pole and the volumic pole are fixed points, and the material point impulse is considered constant, we can simply conclude that the volumic impulse is constant, is conserved.
	www.geocities.com /abelcavasi/index.html (4770 words)

	You Grow Girl \| Plant Encyclopedia :: Epiphyllum
		Most jungle cacti do not have the traditional spikes associated with desert cacti species.
		However, many do have tiny bristles and spines that grow from the areole.
		Wild epiphyllum primarily produce white or whitish-yellow blooms that emerge at night.
	www.yougrowgirl.com /grow/encyclopedia/care_epiphyllum.php (477 words)

	Cactus - Pilosocereus fulvilanatus subsp. fulvilanatus - ARKive
		This cactus has a distinctive sky blue appearance, due to the waxy outer layer that is particularly apparent near the tips of the branches.
		4 to 7 ribs furrow the branches of this species, and the ribs are themselves lined by tightly packed cushion-like structures (known as areoles) from which spines grow.
		Dark brown felt and longer yellowish to brown spines extend from each areole; these structures are more hairy when producing flowers.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/plants_and_algae/Pilosocereus_fulvilanatus_subsp_fulvilanatus (197 words)

	Big Bend National Park - Cacti / Desert Succulents in Big Bend (U.S. National Park Service)
		One of the most distinctive characteristics of the cactus is its areole.
		The areole is a feature that is only found in the cactus family.
		This is an opening on the epidermis of the cactus where spines come out and gas exchange occurs with the environment.
	www.nps.gov /bibe/naturescience/cacti.htm (480 words)

	Glossary of terms related to cacti
		the definition of an areole does not apply to members of the Genus Mammillaria where the flower does not originate on the areole.
		Lacking hairs, usually applied to an old areole or a flower scale.
		The invisible spiral line which joins the areoles on a stem.
	www.mfaint.demon.co.uk /cactus/glossary.html (1195 words)

	Palomar Mtn. Lichens
		In "areolate" lichens the thallus is cracked into numerous individual sections or areoles like angular sections of mud in a dry lake bed.
		Acarospora chlorophana: Lemon-yellow or chartreuse chinky, areolate thallus; often found on vertical rock surfaces; marginal lobation is a function of the dichotomous growth of entire thallus; several hundred spores per ascus.
		Acarospora fuscata: Thallus dark brown with weak marginal lobation; thallus chinky-areolate, 2-4 cm broad; apothecia immersed (innate) in the areoles, forming sunken brown disk; Acarospora bullata is a similar species found on exposed metavolcanic-gabbro rocks in chaparral foothills.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /lichpal1.htm (3488 words)

	Windowsill Cactus: Succulents
		It is common for people to think of succulents and cactus plants as two separate categories of plants, which leads to two different ways these terms are used.
		An areole is composed of two buds, and from these buds flowers, branches, fruit and spines will emerge as the plant grows.
		It is the spines that most of us notice that distinguish cactus plants from everything else and generally the spines are the easiest way to tell cactus plants apart from all other kinds of succulents.
	www.windowsillcactus.com /wc_succulents.shtml (878 words)

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