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	Argand, Jean-Robert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Argand was born in Geneva and later moved to Paris.
		One axis represents the pure imaginary numbers (those belonging to the bi category) and the other the real numbers (those belonging to the a category); it is thus possible to plot a complex number as a set of coordinates in the field defined by the two axes.
		Argand's book Essai sur une manière de représenter les quantités imaginaires dans les constructions géométriques 1806 was published anonymously and it was not until 1813 that he became known as the author.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Argand/1.html (173 words)

	PlanetMath: Argand diagram
		An Argand diagram is the graphical representation of complex numbers written in polar coordinates.
		Argand is the name of Jean-Robert Argand, the Frenchman who is credited with the geometric interpretation of the complex numbers [Biography]
		This is version 4 of Argand diagram, born on 2001-11-11, modified 2004-04-13.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/ArgandDiagram.html (77 words)

	Argand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		However, Argand was not a professional mathematician either, so when he published his geometrical interpretation of complex numbers in 1806 it was in a book which he published privately at his own expense.
		In this correspondence Jacques Français and Argand argued in favour of the validity of the geometric representation, while Servois argued that complex numbers must be handled using pure algebra.
		Argand was a man with an unknown background, a nonmathematical occupation, and an uncertain contact with the literature of his time who intuitively developed a critical idea for which the time was right.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Argand.html (946 words)

	PART7: Technology & the Home
		Argand's new burner led to the development of new lamp forms and eventually affected both space usage and furniture placement patterns.
		Argand's name is generally unknown and recognition of his contributions to interior lighting has largely been lost to history.
		Argand's innovative central draft burner improved greatly on the principle of the paired wicks.
	dsc.gc.cuny.edu /part/part7/articles/sherma.html (2371 words)

	Encyclopedia: Argand plane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Buée's paper was not published until 1806, in which year Jean_Robert Argand also issued a pamphlet on the same subject.
		It is to Argand's essay that the scientific foundation for the graphic representation of complex numbers is now generally referred.
		A complex number can also be viewed as a point or a position vector on the two dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Argand-plane (2672 words)

	Numeri complessi: Tutte le informazioni su Numeri complessi su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		La relazione del Buée non venne pubblicata fino al 1806, nello stesso anno Jean-Robert Argand pubblicò un opuscolo sul medesimo argomento.
		È al saggio del Argand che si deve il fondamento scientifico per la rappresentazione grafica dei numeri complessi.
		Una rappresentazione di questo tipo si chiama diagramma di Argand.
	www.encyclopedia.it /n/nu/numeri_complessi.html (2521 words)

	Aime Argand: Biography of Aime Argand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Argand, Aime, born in 1755, a chemist of Geneva.
		Inventor of the Argand lamp, which he brought out in England in 1782.
		The patent was also claimed by a Frenchman, Ambroise Lange, and finally taken out in France in their joint names, the priority of invention being conceded to Argand.
	www.sacklunch.net /biography/A/AimeArgand.html (62 words)

	Search Results for Argand
		Argand is famed for his geometrical interpretation of the complex numbers where i is interpreted as a rotation through 90 degrees.
		In this correspondence Jacques Francais and Argand argued in favour of the validity of the geometric representation, while Servois argued that complex numbers must be handled using pure algebra.
		In 1814 the Swiss accountant Jean Robert Argand published a proof of the FTA which may be the simplest of all the proofs.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?BIOGS=1&TOPICS=1&CURVES=1&REFS=1&BIBLI=1&SOCIETIES=1"=1&CHRON=1&WORD=Argand&CONTEXT=1 (1032 words)

	Argand Diagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Argand diagrams are graphs with both a real and imaginary axis, the area covered by the diagram is known as the complex plane where any complex number can be represented by a point.
		The only problem that we may encounter when drawing Argand diagrams is when both a and b are negative and therefore (b/a) is positive.
		We must be aware of these cases and look out for them, the only way of getting around them is to find the angle and then use the signs of a and b to work out which quadrant should be used.
	students.bath.ac.uk /ma2laag/arganddiagrams.html (221 words)

	Argand burner -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The first basic change in lamps in thousands of years, it applied a principle that was later adapted to gas burners.
		In 1782 a Swiss scientist, Aimé Argand, invented an oil lamp whose steady smokeless flame revolutionized lighthouse illumination.
		The basis of his invention was a circular wick with a glass chimney that ensured an adequate current of air up the centre and the outside of the wick for even and proper combustion of the oil.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9009359 (824 words)

	Magazine Antiques: The manufacture of Argand lamps in Philadelphia
		Although the Argand burned as brightly as ten candles, it was always supplemented by candles, according to Philadelphia inventories taken between 1790 and 1840.
		The growing production of Argand lamps in Philadelphia can be traced in the exhibition reports published by the Franklin Institute, which was formed in 1824 to provide a forum for sharing ideas about inventions and other innovations in the applied sciences and industry.
		In the 1830s Argand lamps became increasingly complex, and stands for lamps were included in the show in 1831.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_2_161/ai_82782189 (1502 words)

	JP - Tinsmith - Argand Four-burner Chandelier - Circa 1830 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This circa 1830 Argand four-burner chandelier is closely patterned after one that is owned by a private collector.
		Note that a mock-up of this chandelier is available to be used to help you decide if the chandelier’s size is appropriate for your setting and if the level of illumination is adequate for your needs.
		Argand 4-burner chandelier – trumpet shades and chimneys
	www.jptinsmith.com /arg4bur.html (479 words)

	Argand diagram -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		This interpretation, initially and independently conceived by the Norwegian surveyor Caspar Wessel and the French bookkeeper Jean-Robert Argand (see Argand diagram), was made known to a larger audience of...
		At the start of the 19th century, complex numbers were discussed from a quasi-philosophical standpoint by several French writers, notably Jean Robert Argand.
		A consensus emerged that complex numbers should be thought of as pairs of real numbers, with suitable rules for their addition and...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9009360 (852 words)

	Argand's Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Zeno waves or not, Argand was definitely better than Harris, and this fresh proof of Argand's prowess galled the general.
		Argand sent a wave after--" before disappearing with his console in a crimson ball of fire.
		Its more sophisticated sensors were disabled due to its proximity to Argand's Dome, but even a cursory visual scan was enough to tell it that the human was badly wounded, perhaps even dying.
	www.levelabovehuman.org /~cirde/Argand.html (18363 words)

	HealthyFace: Argand Burner
		First scientifically constructed oil lamp, patented in 1784 in England by a Swiss, Aim� Argand.
		The Argand burner consisted of a cylindrical wick housed between two concentric metal tubes.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	healthyface.blogspot.com /2004/08/argand-burner.html (74 words)

	Locus/Regions in Argand Plane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The equation of circle of radius r and center at origin is z
		Illustrate the locus of z in the Argand plane.
		Illustrate the locus of z in the Argand diagram.
	www.ilovemaths.com /3argandplane.htm (686 words)

	Amazon.de: Rezensionen English Books: Brandy, Balloons, & Lamps: Ami Argand, 1750-1803 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Among his many inventions, Ami Argand developed such a superior method of distillation that Louis XVI named him superintendent of the distilleries of France.
		In the late 1700s, successful Swiss scientist Ami Argand patented a new kind of lamp, more efficient and far brighter than its predecessors, arranged for its manufacture, and developed market demand for it via public support from statesmen, scientists, businessmen, and royalty of both England and France.
		This first biography of Argand, a partisan defense against his victorious critics, is weakened by being based primarily on his business and legal correspondence, and so unavoidably nearly excluding his technical and scientific work.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books-intl-de/0809322781/reviews (406 words)

	complex numbers, argand diagrams, cartesian and polar form - mathematics for cynics
		that is the argand diagram was not invented by jean louis argand
		Here are plotted four phasors with their respective Cartesian complex number values.
		The diagram for showing these numbers is called an Argand diagram.
	makrobicz.gq.nu (997 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Argand, Jean Robert (1768-1822)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Argand, Jean Robert (1768-1822)@ HighBeam Research
		Argand was born in Geneva on 18 July 1768.
		Almost nothing is known of his life except that he was working in Paris as a bookseller and living there with his wife, son, and daughter in 1806, the year in which he published his method.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99915683&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (167 words)

	VERY FINE LACQUERED BRASS FOUR-LIGHT ARGAND CHANDELIER - Carswell Rush Berlin
		Argand lamps were made, primarily, by a few English firms: Messenger and Phipson, Phipson and Lambley, Messenger and Sons, Johnston-Brookes, and Ratcliff.
		In only very rare instances do original shades and chimneys exist with their lamp bases because it had been necessary to wash these shades regularly due to the smoke generated by the oil lamps.
		Most were broken over a period of twenty or more years that these lamps saw nightly service, before the wide spread introduction of gas lighting.
	www.american-antiques.net /details.asp?stockID=48 (173 words)

	Argand Consulting
		It is our objective to deliver the highest levels of effective Training and Development services designed to better align your specific learning needs to your core business results.
		Argand Consulting will collaborate with your organization to conduct full-scope needs-assessments, individual worker role-analysis, design and develop responsive training programs that work to improve your new hire orientation process and on-going Human Resource Development program.
		Phil J Melnik is the Principal Consultant and Owner of Argand Consulting, a Training and Development consulting firm located in Mississauga, Ontario.
	www.argand.com (398 words)

	Chapter 3 Basic complex analysis (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Argand Diagram Mathematics for Neural Nets and Especially Field Computation Chapter 4...
		BASIC COMPLEX ANALYSIS 3.2 Geometrical Interpretations The simplest use of the Argand diagram is to understand the addition and subtraction of complex numbers.
		Definition 3.2.1 (Complex addition) Addition (or subtraction) of complex numbers is equivalent to vector addition in the Argand diagram: (x + iy) + (x 0 + iy 0) = (x + x 0) + i(y + y 0):...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /95577.html (226 words)

	Argand Jean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Jean Argand naquit à Genève le 18 juillet 1768 et décéda à Paris le 13 aout 1822.
		Argand, en 1806, fut l'un des premiers à associer aux nombres complexes des points du plan, ce qu'on peut nommer le diagramme d'Argand.
		C'est Argand qui fit une traduction des textes de Wessel et enfin Cauchy qui diffusa ce nouveau concept.
	www.lycee-international.com /travaux/HISTMATH/argand (297 words)

	Argand Lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		{Argand burner}, a burner for an Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the principle...
		Jones Cox / Argand Lamp (one of a pair) / 1820-1850
		Argand Lamp; Messenger and Co, 2-Arm, Bronze, Prisms, 18 inch.
	zoolamp.com /argand-lamp.html (322 words)

	Wolfe, John J.: Brandy, Balloons, and Lamps
		John J. Wolfe's lavishly illustrated Brandy, Balloons, and Lamps: Ami Argand, 17501803 is the first biography of the remarkable Genevese scientist who literally turned on the lights at the beginning of the Enlightenment to illuminate the Industrial Revolution.
		But it was Argand who gave the world an oil lamp that was cheaper, cleaner, and ten times more powerful than previous devices of illumination.
		He frequently lectures on Ami Argand's historic contribution to lighting in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
	www.siu.edu /~siupress/titles/s99_titles/wolfe_brandy.htm (618 words)

	The Argand Diagram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		So it is often useful to think of a complex number as being represented by the point in a plane with Cartesian coordinates (x, y).
		This representation is called the Argand diagram or the complex plane.
		Figure 10.2: The Argand diagram or complex plane.
	www.maths.abdn.ac.uk /~igc/tch/eg1006/notes/node97.html (75 words)

	Motivate : Complex numbers and the Argand diagram
		Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the Argand diagram, although it was actually known some 100 years or more before Argand (can you find out anything about Argand, and why his name is attached to this diagram)?
		The Argand diagram is a way of representing complex numbers graphically.
		Once you are comfortable with representing complex numbers on the Argand diagram, you can use it to investigate the geometrical effect of multiplying/dividing by +1, -1, +i, -i, +k, -k, +ki, -ki.
	www.motivate.maths.org /conferences/conf67/c67_Argand.shtml (320 words)

	Complex Numbers - Argand Diagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The complex plane is called an argand diagram.
		As in polar co-ordinates, a complex number can be defined by its distance from the origin (modulus) and angle (in radians) from the positive real axis (argument).
		Some interesting results and transformations on argand diagrams can be found at www.waldomaths.com.
	people.bath.ac.uk /pgc20/argand.html (152 words)

	[No title]
		ARGAND KEEP =========== BACKGROUND: Sir Argand is the newest in a long line of Solamnic Knights from his family.
		Recently retired to be with his childhood sweetheart, now his wife and to raise his child, he settled down in his family's keep, near Tarsis.
		RECOMMENDED LEVELS: The keep of Sir Argand should be relatively easy for adventurer's [7-12].
	members.lycos.co.uk /arcticmud/topics/115.HTM (165 words)

	JP - Tinsmith - Our Argand and Solar Lighting Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		He found that by using a circular, hollow wick rather than the conventional solid wick, the flame would burn much brighter because the surface area of the wick was greatly increased (air for combustion was drawn up through the center of the wick as well as over the outer surface).
		These lamps used the standard Argand burner and were primarily designed to reduce the shadow that was typically cast by the font of earlier Argand lamps.
		Stenciled designs are available on the Argand Side Lamp; lamps made using brass are now available with a period acid-flened and lacquered finish - period gold finishes will be available soon.
	www.jptinsmith.com /Gargand.html (1060 words)

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