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Topic: Arginase

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Superoxide dismutase

Urea cycle

Manganese

Polypeptide

Cis

Isomer

Carbon monoxide

Anoxia

Potassium permanganate

Nickel

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Arsenic

	RedNova News - Science - Arginine in Asthma and Lung Inflammation1,2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase I is a cytoplasmic protein that is primarily expressed in the liver, whereas arginase II is a mitochondrial protein expressed in a variety of tissues, especially the kidney and prostate (33).
		Expression of arginase I (A), arginase II (B), and CAT2 (C) in ovalbumin (OVA) and Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp)-challenged mice as measured by gene chip analysis is shown.
		Northern blot analyses of arginase I and arginase II in IL-4 lung transgenic mice (in the Balb/c background) containing either the wild type or deleted STAT6 gene (A) and lungs from Balb/c mice treated with IL-13 intranasally (C) are shown.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=96348 (5565 words)

	Structural studies of arginase isozymes.
		Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalysis the hydrolysis of L-arginine to form L-ornithine and urea through a metal-activated hydroxide mechanism.
		Human arginase II appears to play a role in regulating L-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase in human penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and as such, its inhibition is a potential new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
		Therefore, arginase II is a potential target for the treatment of male and female sexual arousal disorders.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3109159 (356 words)

	Arginase Deficiency
		Arginase is one of six enzymes that play a role in the breakdown and removal of nitrogen from the body, a process known as the urea cycle.
		The lack of the arginase enzyme results in excessive accumulation of nitrogen, in the form of ammonia (hyperammonemia), in the blood and arginine (hyperarginemia) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
		Arginase deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
	my.webmd.com /hw/raising_a_family/nord312.asp (507 words)

	Arginase Deficiency,Argininemia, Inborn Error of Urea Synthesis, Arginase Type Urea Cycle Disorder Arginase Type (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		arginase deficiency (ar·gi·nase de·fi·cien·cy) an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy involving the biosynthesis of urea; arginine is elevated in blood and urine and may cause secondary cystinuria; oroticaciduria is common, but hyperammonemia is rare.
		The liver arginase gene structure permitted study of the molecular pathology of patients with the disorder and the results of these studies and the inferences about the protein structure are presented.
		Arginase is the fifth enzyme of the urea cycle and catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea as the final step in the detoxification of ammonia.
	www.icomm.ca /geneinfo/argin.htm (1302 words)

	Penn Department of Chemistry - Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With arginase, we have determined the structure of the native enzyme from murine liver and we have used this structure to explore the chemistry and biology of the binuclear manganese cluster.
		The three-dimensional structure of arginase is consistent with a metal-activated hydroxide mechanism for arginine hydrolysis, where both manganese ions serve to activate the catalytic nucleophile.
		Research with arginase is continuing with the crystal structure determinations of important site-specific variants as well as enzyme-inhibitor complexes.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /chem/faculty/christianson/christianson.html (918 words)

	The Involvement of Tyrosine Kinases, Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A, and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in ...
		Arginase II gene was not detected regardless of the presence or the absence of IL-13.
		and are responsible for the arginase induction ( 28).
		of the PKA pathway was obligatory for induction of arginase
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/165/4/2134 (6507 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Glucocorticoids inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of arginase in rat ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase I is, however, not restricted to the liver, but expressed in various non-hepatic cells and both arginase isoenzymes may be expressed even in the same cell ( Gotoh et al., 1997a ; Louis et al., 1998).
		Arginase II mRNA was demonstrated recently also in human and mouse liver ( Gotoh et al., 1997a ; Morris et al., 1997), and it was suggested that arginase II in the liver might be expressed in nonparenchymal cells ( Morris et al., 1997).
		Diverse functional roles of the two arginase isoforms are also suggested by their putative different subcellular distribution, arginase I in the cytosol and arginase II in mitochondria; the latter is indicated by the presence of a mitochondrial import signal at the N-terminus ( Vockley et al., 1996 ; Iyer et al., 1998).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v132/n6/full/0703951a.html (6553 words)

	Full Text - Molecular dynamics simulations of active site mutants of rat liver arginase
		By using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and crystallographic data for rat liver arginase, the substrate positions in the active sites of native and mutant forms of the enzyme, were compared and correlated with known kinetic consequences of mutations.
		The crystal structure of rat liver arginase was used as the basis of this study.
		As rat liver arginase is a homotrimer and it is known that each monomer is active, all of the studies were done only with the chain A of 1RLA ( Kanyo et al.
	www.ejbiotechnology.info /content/vol4/issue3/full/6 (2181 words)

	ARGINASE DEFICIENCY definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase is the fifth enzyme of the urea cycle and catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea as the final step in the detoxification of ammonia.
		at least two isozymes of arginase exist in man. AI (the enzyme deficient in the disorder) is cytosolic and found primarily in liver and red blood cells, whereas AII is mitochondrial and found predominantly in kidney but also to a lesser extent in liver, brain, and other tissues.
		Arginase deficiency is diagnosed by observing high arginine concentrations on either qualitative or quantitative plasma or urine amino acid analysis.
	www.books.md /A/dic/arginasedeficiency.php (320 words)

	Study pinpoints an enzyme key to both male and female sexual dysfunction -- along with a potential treatment
		The findings, which carry the possibility of new treatments for sexual disorders, are scheduled to appear in two papers in the March 13 issue of Biochemistry, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Chemical Society, the world’s largest scientific society.
		In the chemical pathway that leads to sexual arousal in both sexes, arginase comes into play somewhat before phosphodiesterase V, the target molecule of Viagra -- which could present a new solution for the roughly 3 in 10 men for whom that medication is ineffective.
		Arginase can derail this reaction by sequestering arginine and breaking it down into compounds unrelated to those physiologically responsible for arousal, depriving the genitalia of the nitric oxide needed for sexual function.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-03/UoP-Spae-1203101.php (646 words)

	arginase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase Deficiency - Arginase deficiency is thought to be the least common of the urea cycle disorders.
		Arginases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-arginine to yield L-ornithine and urea.
		Arginase I is constitutively expressed and arginase II is induced...
	arginase.networklive.org (588 words)

	eMedicine - Arginase Deficiency : Article Excerpt by: Karl S Roth, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Background: Arginase deficiency is thought to be the least common of the urea cycle disorders.
		Type I is found in the liver and contributes the vast majority of hepatic arginase activity, while type II is inducible and found in extrahepatic tissues.
		The reaction normally mediated by arginase is the terminal step in the urea cycle, which liberates urea with regeneration of ornithine ( Image 1).
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/arginase-deficiency.htm (491 words)

	Arginase Reciprocally Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Aging ...
		A, Arginase activity is significantly increased in aortic rings from O compared with Y rats.
		Regulatory role of arginase I and II in nitric oxide, polyamine, and proline syntheses in endothelial cells.
		Arginase activity is inhibited by L-NAME, both in vitro and in vivo.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/108/16/2000 (3422 words)

	1999 Abstract 141 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase activity is increased in immune cells in mice after.- trauma and to a lesser degree with LPS.
		Increased arginase activity after trauma coincides with increased expression of arginase I protein, and LPS contributes additively to this increase.
		Arginase I expression and activity may contribute to modulation of nitric oxide metabolites after trauma.
	www.aast.org /99abstracts/99abs141.html (216 words)

	Effects of dietary salt intake on plasma arginine -- Kitiyakara et al. 280 (4): 1069 -- AJP - Regulatory, Integrative ...
		-arginine is degraded by hepatic arginase to ornithine and urea and is transported by the regulated 2A cationic amino
		The supernatant was diluted with the homogenizing buffer.
		intake on the mRNA abundance for arginase I in the liver.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/4/R1069 (4028 words)

	YGM 2002 Abstract #370 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase contains a zinc finger-like element formed by two histidine and two cysteine residues in the C-terminal portion of the protein.
		In OTCase we identified two regions required for its inhibition by arginase, one of which is involved in the closure of the carbamoylphosphate and ornithine domains.
		The loss of association between the mutated arginase and the wild type OTCase and between the mutated OTCases and the wild type arginase was confirmed in vivo by two-hybrid experiments and in vitro by molecular sieving.
	www.yeastgenome.org /yeast02/abshtml/370.html (260 words)

	C&EN: TODAY'S HEADLINES - BEYOND VIAGRA
		Arginase II is one of two human arginase isozymes and the one most important in sexual biochemistry.
		Arginase interferes with a crucial step in the complicated biochemical pathway to sexual arousal, one involving arginine, an amino acid.
		After showing that these arginase inhibitors increased smooth-muscle relaxation in strips of human penile tissue, the researchers turned their attention to the female system.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/topstory/8130/8130notw1.html (554 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea is catalyzed by arginase in the last step of the urea cycle.
		To test the effect of these missense mutations on arginase activity, site-directed mutagenesis was used to re-create the patient mutations for in vivo expression studies in a prokaryotic fusion-protein expression system.
		The three substitution mutations within the conserved regions had a significant effect on enzymatic activity (0-3.1 nmole/30min, normal is 1300-1400 nmoles/30min, as determined by in vitro arginase assay), while the fourth mutation, a T to S substitution, did not.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=133978 (404 words)

	Arginase I: a limiting factor for nitric oxide and polyamine synthesis by activated macrophages? -- Kepka-Lenhart et ...
		Arginase I may also play a role in regulating synthesis of polyamines by macrophages in conditions such as wound healing ( 29).
		Regulation of arginase isoforms I and II by IL-4 in cultured murine peritoneal macrophages.
		Occurrence of isoenzymes of arginase in mouse lung tumour.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/6/R2237 (3987 words)

	Worthington Arginase
		Arginase is also present in abundance in mammary glands where the urea cycle is not present: it has been suggested that the ornithine is converted to proline (Yip and Knox 1972).
		(1972) on the ureotelic and uricotelic arginases of chicken liver.
		O'Malley, K.L., and Terwilliger, R.C.: Structure and Proprties of Arginase from the Polychaete Annelid Pista pacifica Berkeley, Biochem J 143, 591, 1974
	www.worthington-biochem.com /AR (2081 words)

	Immunoregulatory Effects of L-Arginine and Therapeutical Implications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Type I arginase, a cytosolic enzyme, is hyghly expressed in liver as a component of the urea cycle, and to a limited extent in a few other tissues.
		In contrast, type II arginase, a mitochondrial enzyme, is xpressed at lower levels in kidney, brain, small intestine, mammary gland and macrophages, but there is little or no expression in liver.
		For example, a high arginase activity in the infiltrating macrophages was found to be associated with cancer development [64, 49].
	www.bentham.org /cdtiemd1-1/potenza/potenzams.htm (5209 words)

	Activation of the Stem Cell-Derived Tyrosine Kinase/RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase by Macrophage-Stimulating Protein ...
		Arginase activity was assessed by determining the concentration of urea produced after incubation of lysates with
		MSP induces the up-regulation of arginase I., RNA was isolated from murine peritoneal macrophages incubated in the presence or absence of 100 ng/ml MSP.
		Arginine supply for nitric oxide synthesis and arginase is mainly exogenous in elicited murine and rat macrophages.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/168/2/853 (5101 words)

	Macrophage Arginase Promotes Tumor Cell Growth and Suppresses Nitric Oxide-mediated Tumor Cytotoxicity -- Chang et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Macrophages transfected with the rat liver arginase (arginase
		The arginase activity reached a maximum at 36 h and began to decrease at 60 h after transfection.
		increased in the macrophages transfected with the arginase gene.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/61/3/1100 (4896 words)

	Glucocorticoids Play an Important Role in Mediating the Enhanced Metabolism of Arginine and Glutamine in Enterocytes of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Callery E. Elinson R. Developmental regulation of the urea-cycle enzyme arginase in the direct developing frog eleutherodactylus coqui.
		Chappel R. Cuaron J. Easter R. Response of digestive carbohydrases and growth to graded doses and administration frequency of hydrocortisone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in nursing pigs.
		Herzfeld A., Raper S. Effects of cortisol or starvation on the activities of four enzymes in the small intestine and liver of the rat during development.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/127/5/732 (4773 words)

	Inaugural Article: Role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell ...
		Arginase activity was determined by methods that we have described ( 7).
		Cell culture media from the cells used for determination of arginase activity were collected for determination of urea levels, as described in the text.
		Induction of arginase I and II in bleomycin-induced fibrosis of mouse lung
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/7/4202 (5824 words)

	Helicobacter pylori rocF Is Required for Arginase Activity and Acid Protection In Vitro but Is Not Essential for ...
		is catalyzed by arginase, an enzyme of the H.
		pylori, arginase activity is upstream of urease ( 21).
		To establish that rocF encodes arginase, the gene was cloned and rocF isogenic mutants of H.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/23/7314 (6093 words)

	eMedicine - Arginase Deficiency : Article by Karl S Roth, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although a catastrophic neonatal presentation is very uncommon in arginase deficiency, surmising that onset is at birth and progression is relatively slow in comparison to other members of this family of disorders is reasonable.
		Prenatal diagnosis is possible by enzyme assay using fetal red blood cells; arginase mutations have been identified in skin fibroblasts from amniotic fluid and specimens from chorionic villus biopsies.
		Korman SH, Gutman A, Stemmer E: Prenatal diagnosis fro arginase deficiency by second-trimester fetal erythrocyte arginase assay and first-trimester ARG1 mutation analysis.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic132.htm (2313 words)

	Potential involvement of NOS and arginase in age-related behavioural impairments. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There were significant increases in total NOS activity in the aged hippocampus and perirhinal, postrhinal and temporal cortices and a dramatic decrease in endothelial NOS expression in the aged postrhinal cortex.
		Activity and protein expression of inducible NOS were not detected in any region from either group and a significant increase in total arginase activity was found in the aged perirhinal cortex.
		The present findings provide further support for a contribution of nitric oxide to the normal aging process and suggest a potential involvement of arginase in aging and learning and memory.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_15288695.html (209 words)

	Arginase antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arginase participates in the Urea cycle and is also specifically found in mammary glands.
		Arginases from different organs may be different proteins each serving specific metabolic functions.
		Cross reactivity against Arginase from other tissues and species may occur but have not been specifically determined.
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/arginase.htm (277 words)

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