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	Argumentum ad baculum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Argumentum ad baculum (Latin: argument to the cudgel or appeal to the stick), also known as appeal to force, is an argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion.
		This form of argument is a logical fallacy, because the attack Q may not necessarily reveal anything about the truth value of the premise P. This fallacy has been identified since the Middle Ages by many philosophers.
		This is a special case of argumentum ad consequentiam, or "appeal to consequences".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Argumentum_ad_baculum (617 words)

	Encyclopedia Search
		ad baculum when one points out the negative consequences of holding...
		ad baculum is not a logical fallacy, and further claim that many of...
		ad hominem, or personal attack, is used when instead of refuting...
	www.encyclopedian.com /search.php?searWords=Argumentum (99 words)

	Argumentum ad Baculum
		Argumentum ad Baculum (fear of force): the fallacy committed when one appeals to force or the threat of force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion.
		The ad baculum derives its strength from an appeal to human timidity or fear and is a fallacy when the appeal is not logically related to the claim being made.
		Non-fallacious examples of the ad baculum: the appeal is not irrelevant when the threat or the force is directly relevant to the conclusion or is, itself, the subject of the argument.
	philosophy.lander.edu /logic/force.html (532 words)

	Argumentum ad baculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Argumentum ad baculum is a Latin phrase, meaning approximately "argument to the cudgel" or "appeal to the stick" or more generally describes an appeal to force.
		One participates in argumentum ad baculum when one points out the negative consequences of holding the contrary position.
		Since the Middle Ages, this form of argument has been identified as a logical fallacy by most philosophers, but some pragmatists have claimed that the argumentum ad baculum is not a logical fallacy, and further claim that many of our beliefs are based on this kind of reasoning.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/a/ar/argumentum_ad_baculum.html (137 words)

	classical rhetoric appeals
		Ad Ignorantium is the argument that since it cannot be proven that something is false, it must be true, or that since there is no proof something is true, it must be false.
		Similar to the Argumentum Ad Populum, an argument supported by an assertion that many people subscribe to the conclusion in question, and that the more people who believe a proposition the more likely it is to be true.
		The appeal to an unnamed authority is a form of ad Verecundiam, where the claims made by a supposed expert on a particular subject cannot be tested as the authority is not indentified.
	ironyparty.org /fallaciesappeals.htm (821 words)

	Faith Freedom International :: View topic - Argumentum Ad Baculum: An Apology (?)
		Argumentum ad baculum is more precisely defined as an appeal to force used by an individual in order to push others to accept a conclusion.
		Argumentum ad baculum, a terrible argument in the hands of a mortal, the only argument within the vast totality we call the universe.
		Argumentum ad baculum…ad populum, is an invincible foundation upon which all human debate and dialectic stands.
	www.faithfreedom.org /forum/viewtopic.php?t=2324 (5724 words)

	Argumentum ad baculum (threat of force)
		Argumentum ad baculum" and write a short description of a time when you have heard this argument, especially to discount some report of fact or theory.
		Argumentum ad baculum - the threat (and sometimes use) of force
		The chilling effect of this trail is still present in Tennessee- a testimony to strength of the use of force (or argumentum ad baculum) to squelch truth.
	www.rscc.cc.tn.us /faculty/condon/msc1012/aab.html (728 words)

	Flame Warriors ~ View topic - Argumentum ad Annoying?
		While Argumentum will initially refuse to define all these long Latin phrases, insisting that "any intelligent debater" ought to know them by heart, eventually he will bend to his colleague's demands and give a few definitions.
		Argumentum, though, is broad enough to include the misguided contributer who doesn't realise others are unfamiliar with debate format.
		I'd add, make a broad Argumentum description, to include those who use it (debating principals) when and where appropriately, those who really believe everyone who argues would have to understand the principals, and those who visit forums outside their scope, and use it hammer their somwhat, ill informed opinion, home.
	redwing.hutman.net /~mreed/forum/viewtopic.php?t=138 (2533 words)

	Stephen Downes' Guide to the Logical Fallacies
		Ad hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks the person who made the assertion.
		Ad hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the person's circumstances.
		Ad hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack on the person notes that a person does not practise what he preaches.
	www.pnl-nlp.org /download/propaganda/page2.htm (3524 words)

	Logic Loop Twenty One
		While Argumentum Ad Baculum really isn’t much of an argument at all, it is nevertheless a very effective means of persuasion.
		An Argumentum Ad Baculum doesn’t form any logical argument at all, but rather it introduces an irrelevant, at least logically irrelevant, point: the threat of force.
		Ad Baculum can be very effective because when fear is aroused in people it often propels them into making decisions which they would not make in calmer situations.
	www.christianlogic.com /loop/logic_loop_21.htm (882 words)

	Argumentum Ad Populum
		Argumentum ad Populum (popular appeal or appeal to the majority): The fallacy of attempting to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the feeling and enthusiasms of the multitude.
		Occasionally, it is difficult to make a distinction between the ad verecundiam (appeal to authority) and the ad populum (appeal to the elite) fallacies.
		Non-fallacious examples of the ad populum: the appeal is not irrelevant when what most persons believe or what the select few believe does in fact determine what is true.
	philosophy.lander.edu /logic/popular.html (814 words)

	Abaculo - Topic Powered by eve community
		'ad baculum,' the more common version of the phrase, means 'for the staff,' but 'a baculo' does mean 'from the staff.' All of the classic fallacies were phrased 'argumentum ad ___,' so I think the ad-names took preference over any other forms that existed.
		(Baculum means a 'staff, rod, or support' and angulus means a 'corner, nook'.) It's related to the logical term argumentum baculinum 'argument of the sceptre' which in turn must be related to argumentum ad baculum.
		Argumentum ad baculum might be a philosophical discourse on seduction!
	wordcraft.infopop.cc /groupee/forums/a/tpc/f/932607094/m/1441084851 (1723 words)

	Logical Argument Construction
		The circumstantial form of Argumentum ad Hominem is committed when a person argues that his opponent ought to accept the truth of an assertion because of the opponent's particular circumstances.
		This particular form of Argumentum ad Hominem, when one alleges that one's adversary is rationalizing a conclusion formed from selfish interests, is also known as "poisoning the well".
		This fallacy is the opposite of the argumentum ad crumenam.
	www.pleasurepoint.com /logical.html (3626 words)

	argumentum ad baculum (Latin for: argument appealing to the cudgel.) An argument employing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		argumentum ad baculum (Latin for: argument appealing to the cudgel.) An argument employing
		argumentum ad baculum (Latin for: argument appealing to the cudgel.) An argument employing an implicit or explicit threat.
		When in The Godfather the mafioso obeys the instruction to "make him an offer he can't refuse" the mafioso presents an argumentum ad baculum.
	www.skepticfiles.org /atheist/baculuma.htm (76 words)

	Logical Fallacies
		This fallacy is the opposite of the informal fallacy "argumentum ad crumenam."
		An "argumentum ad nauseum" is one that employs constant repitition in asserting a truth.
		Shifting the burden of proof, a special case of "argumentum ad ignorantium," is a fallacy of putting the burden of proof on the person who denies or questions the assertion being made.
	education.gsu.edu /spehar/FOCUS/EdPsy/misc/Fallacies.htm (2078 words)

	Rebuttals to Islamic Awareness : Some Logical Fallacies Dealt with in the Qur'an
		Ad Hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an argument, the person who made the argument is attacked.
		Ad Hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an argument or idea, one simply points to the relationship between the person making the claim and the person's circumstances.
		Ad Hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack is made on a person who allegedly does not practice what he preaches.
	www.answering-islam.org /Responses/Saifullah/logical.htm (2202 words)

	Fallacies of Relevance 1. Argumentum ad Baculum (appeal to force). The arguer appeals to
		"The phrase argumentum ad hominem translates literally as 'argument directed to the man.'" The abusive variety occurs when one attacks the other person rather than the other persons' argument.
		"The fallacy of argumentum ad ignorantiam is illustrated by the argument that there must be ghosts because no one has ever been able to prove that there aren't any." 5.
		The arguer appeals to pity where the conclusion is a matter of reason and not one of sentiment.
	www.skepticfiles.org /atheist/argument.htm (419 words)

	Some Logical Fallacies Dealt With In The Qur'an
		Finally, although I have not provided any example of it, I believe that sometimes several fallacies are stated together in a single Qur'ānic ayah (43:57-58, cited under ignoratio elenchi, would seem to exemplify the fallacy of argumentum ad populum as well).
		The Latin word baculum means "stick." An argumentum ad baculum (or argumentum baculinam), therefore is one that appeals to the stick - or force.
		Appeal to distinguished names is also subsumed under the argumentum ad verecundiam.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/Contrad/Mirlogical.html (1776 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Appeal to Force
		The name "argumentum ad baculum" alludes to the use of a stick, or club, to beat someone.
		Even audience members "shouting down" a debater whom they disagree with in order to prevent a case from being heard are resorting to "ad baculum".
		Force, or the threat of it, is not an argument.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /adbacula.html (374 words)

	Pharyngula: That argumentum ad baculum gets 'em every time
		It also means the last argumentum ad baculum I was exposed to was the comparative physiology teacher who threatened cheaters with death by walrus oosik.
		The preposition "ad" means "towards", as in "advancement".
		Besides, "baculum" is clearly not in the ablative case, which agrees with prepositions that indicate going away from.
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2006/03/that_argumentum_ad_baculum_get.php (1244 words)

	A Guide to Fallacies
		This is an ad hominem circumstantial, since it brings in the circumstances of the claimant when they are not relevant to the claim at issue (even if they might explain his or her interest).
		This is an ad hominem tu quoque, since it draws to our attention an inconsistency in the argument: if the claim is true, then the claimant should either change his or her ways or admit that the claim doesn't have to apply to everyone after all.
		In summary, the argumentum ad populum uses numbers to support claims when an inductive justification is insufficient to prove them.
	www.galilean-library.org /int16.html (7296 words)

	Fallacies of Relevance
		Even in areas where they have some special knowledge or skill, expert authorities could be mistaken; we may accept their testimony as inductive evidence but never as deductive proof of the truth of a conclusion.
		The mirror-image of the appeal to authority is the ad hominem argument, in which we are encouraged to reject a proposition because it is the stated opinion of someone regarded as disreputable in some way.
		But the proposition that person believes can be true (and the intended conclusion false) even if the person is unsavory or has a stake in the issue or holds inconsistent beliefs or shares a common flaw with us.
	www.philosophypages.com /lg/e06a.htm (1060 words)

	Newsvine - Logic 103: The Dark (Dark) Side of Logic
		An Argumentum ad Populum (appeal to the people) is a fallacy that happens when someone tries to get others to agree with them by claiming that lots of other people do.
		An Argumentum ad Verecundiam (appeal to authority) is a fallacy that occurs when someone appeals to the feeling of respect people have for the famous to win a conclusion.
		We looked at the Argumentum ad Populum, where it is claimed that because lots of people support something, it must be true.
	celestina.newsvine.com /_news/2006/05/19/208775-logic-103-the-dark-d... (2604 words)

	Democratic Underground Forums - "Argumentum ad Baculum": the fallacy du jour.
		Democratic Underground Forums - "Argumentum ad Baculum": the fallacy du jour.
		I always understood "baculum" to be something different...
		Messages posted on the Democratic Underground Discussion Forums are the opinions of the individuals who post them, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Democratic Underground, LLC.
	www.democraticunderground.com /duforum/DCForumID60/37074.html (170 words)

	Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum)
		An appeal to force is an attempt to persuade using threats.
		Its Latin name, “argumentum ad baculum”, literally means “argument with a cudgel”.
		Disbelief, such arguments go, will be met with sanctions, perhaps physical abuse; therefore, you’d better believe.
	www.logicalfallacies.info /appealtoforce.html (179 words)

	reductio ad absurdum » Blog Archive » Argumentum ad baculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		reductio ad absurdum » Blog Archive » Argumentum ad baculum
		The argumentum ad baculum is a special case of argumentum ad consequentiam, or “appeal to consequences”;.
		reductio ad absurdum is proudly powered by WordPress
	shadyq80.kuwaitblogs.com /2005/07/27/argumentum-ad-baculum (278 words)

	Rhetoric, Politics, Ethics 2005: Abstract
		In this paper, I will argue that power considerations are relevant to democratic decision making, and that, consequently, they cannot possibly be excluded from democratic debate.
		It is not a coincidence, then, that “argumenta ad baculum” can be found regularly in real life political dialogue.
		Therefore, “argumenta ad baculum” cannot be used too often and too overtly.
	www.rpe.ugent.be /Geenens.html (312 words)

	Dodging Invisible Rays » Now I know what an argumentum ad baculum is! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Dodging Invisible Rays » Now I know what an argumentum ad baculum is!
		argumentum ad baculum is!">Now I know what an argumentum ad baculum is!
		Or, well, I already knew what it was, but now I know what it means.
	paulinekilar.com /weblog/?p=253 (81 words)

	Collective Self-Examination: Thinking Critically about Critical Thinking
		Walton thus ignores or effaces a distinction made by Jon Elster (1991) at the level of speech acts between “arguing” and “bargaining,” with Elster preferring a smaller linguistic component of argument analysis than dialogue type (speech act v.
		Two dialogue contexts used by Walton (1992) to illustrate instances in which an ad hominem argument is a legitimate, presumptive (hence defeasible) are cross-examination of a witness at trial court and a debate between candidates in an electoral campaign (pp.
		One wonders, then, what to make of Paul Thagard’s (1996) definition of what he calls the central hypothesis of cognitive science: “thinking can be best understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures” (p.
	radicalpedagogy.icaap.org /content/issue8_1/odonnell.html (11128 words)

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