Where results make sense

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   PR   |   Contact us

Logical Fallacies and the Art of Debate Argumentum ad misericordiam (argument or appeal to pity). Argumentum ad populum (argument or appeal to the public). Argumentum ad verecundiam (argument or appeal to authority). www.csun.edu /~dgw61315/fallacies.html   (5262 words)

[No title] argumentum ad hominem (abusive): argument addressed against the opponent rather than the issue, for instance making the point that one's opponent is a communist in a discussion on computer science. ARGUMENTUM AD LAZARUM Description: A fallacy of assuming that because someone is poor he or she is sounder or more virtuous than one who is wealthier. Fallacy of argumentum ad baculum (argument from power or force.) The Latin means "an argument according to the stick." "argument by means of the rod," "argument using force." Arguing to support the acceptance of an argument by a threat, or use of force. www.empowermentzone.com /fallacy.txt   (6108 words)

American History I: Syllabus The circumstantial form of Argumentum ad Hominem is committed when a person argues that his opponent ought to accept the truth of an assertion because of the opponent's particular circumstances. This fallacy is the opposite of the argumentum ad crumenam. Shifting the burden of proof, a special case of Argumentum ad Ignorantiam, is the fallacy of putting the burden of proof on the person who denies or questions the assertion being made. www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Quad/6460/hfaq/fallacy.html   (2285 words)

Informal Fallacies The argumentum ad absurdum, or reductio ad absurdum, is itself a valid argument, based on the principle [the Law of Clavius, (-P -> P) -> P] that the introduction of the denial of the conclusion into a valid argument produces a contradiction and establishes the conclusion. Argumentum ad Hominem (abusive) -- simply denigrating the author of the argument -- though "impeaching a witness" is a relevant action in law because of the difference between reasons for truth and reasons for belief (discussed with the Genetic Fallacy). Thus the argumentum ad hominem and argumentum ab auctoritate are forms of the Genetic Fallacy that, in the context of belief, are not fallacies at all. www.friesian.com /valley/fallacie.htm   (1271 words)

Argumentum Ad Populum Argumentum ad Populum (popular appeal or appeal to the majority): The fallacy of attempting to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the feeling and enthusiasms of the multitude. Occasionally, it is difficult to make a distinction between the ad verecundiam (appeal to authority) and the ad populum (appeal to the elite) fallacies. Non-fallacious examples of the ad populum: the appeal is not irrelevant when what most persons believe or what the select few believe does in fact determine what is true. philosophy.lander.edu /logic/popular.html   (814 words)

Argumentum ad populum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An argumentum ad populum (Latin: "appeal to the people"), in logic, is a fallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or all people believe it; it alleges that "If many believe so, it is so. The argumentum ad populum is a red herring and genetic fallacy. Argumentum ad populum explains how some democracies have fallen victim to this principle. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum   (1069 words)

Logical Fallacies Handlist   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Argumentum ad Populum (Literally "Argument to the People"): Using an appeal to popular assent, often by arousing the feelings and enthusiasm of the multitude rather than building an argument. Appeal to Improper Authority (Argumentum Ad Verecundium, literally "argument from that which is improper"): An appeal to an improper authority, such as a famous person or a source that may not be reliable. Appeal to a Lack of Evidence (Argumentum Ad Ignorantium, literally "Argument from Ignorance"): Appealing to a lack of information to prove a point, or arguing that, since the opposition cannot disprove a claim, the opposite stance must be true. web.cn.edu /kwheeler/fallacies_list.Html   (4845 words)

NCPA Debate Central -- Logical Fallacies and Debate Because an argumentum ad antiquitatem is easily refuted by simply pointing it out, in general it should be avoided. The appropriate time to mention argumentum ad nauseam in a debate round is when the other team has made some assertion, failed to justify it, and then stated it again and again. In general, debaters should be called down for committing argumentum ad verecundiam only when (a) they rely on an unqualified source for information about facts without other (qualified) sources of verification, or (b) they imply that some policy must be right simply because so-and-so thought so. www.ncpa.org /debate2/fallacies.html   (5283 words)

Atheism: Logic & Fallacies Argumentum ad ignorantiam means "argument from ignorance." The fallacy occurs when it's argued that something must be true, simply because it hasn't been proved false. This is an example of an ad hoc change being used to shore up an assertion, combined with an attempt to shift the meaning of the words used original assertion; you might call it a combination of fallacies. Shifting the burden of proof, a special case of Argumentum ad Ignorantiam, is the fallacy of putting the burden of proof on the person who denies or questions the assertion. www.infidels.org /library/modern/mathew/logic.html   (5866 words)

Stephen Downes' Guide to the Logical Fallacies Ad hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks the person who made the assertion. Ad hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the person's circumstances. Ad hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack on the person notes that a person does not practise what he preaches. www.pnl-nlp.org /download/propaganda/page2.htm   (3524 words)

Argumentum ad Verecundiam - StoneHome Argumentum ad Verecundiam is the basis for a significant amount of marketing-driven research. This fallacy's difficulty to apply is compounded when experts in a field disagree, when an expert's standing is disputable, or when subtle issues of implementation are differently seen by arguing parties; this fallacy is therefore intensely subject to issues of germanity. This fallacy often accompanies Argumentum ad Hominem, Straw Man or Argumentum ad Populum, and is not infrequently supported by Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc. sc.tri-bit.com /Argumentum_ad_Verecundiam   (230 words)

BBC - h2g2 - Argumentum Ad Populum Argumentum ad populum is a logical fallacy in which one appeals to majority opinion or emotion during argument in order to support his/her claim(s). Argumentum ad populum is Latin for "appeal to the populace." The fallacy occurs when one substitutes an admission of relevant evidence with a fallacious appeal to popular, or common, sense. A factual example of the argumentum ad populum fallacy can be traced back to before the age of European exploration. www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A4055014   (339 words)

HOW TO SPOT FUZZY THINKING (This Rock: August 1990) There is no discussion of argumentum ad crumenam (the appeal to self-interest; literally, "to the purse") or of obscurum per obscurius (the explanation of something obscure by something even more obscure); these are not arguments likely to be advanced by critics of Catholicism. Sometimes the ad hominem arguer asserts that everything his opponent says is suspect because of his supposed bad character--even his protestations of innocence. This is known as argumentum ad populum ("appeal to the people")--telling the people what they want to hear, whether or not it's true. www.catholic.com /thisrock/1990/9008fea1.asp   (2868 words)

[No title] If you think you are right because you are among the majority please know that this is called argumentum ad numerum and it is a logical fallacy. If you think the position of pseudo rationalists is more popular and “respectable” please know that this is called argumentum ad populum and it too is a logical fallacy. Last but not least is the weapon of the loser and that is argumentum ad ridiculum or in plain English appeal to mockery and horse laugh. www.faithfreedom.org /debates/sina40328.htm   (593 words)

Some Logical Fallacies Dealt With In The Qur'an Finally, although I have not provided any example of it, I believe that sometimes several fallacies are stated together in a single Qur'ānic ayah (43:57-58, cited under ignoratio elenchi, would seem to exemplify the fallacy of argumentum ad populum as well). The Latin word baculum means "stick." An argumentum ad baculum (or argumentum baculinam), therefore is one that appeals to the stick - or force. Appeal to distinguished names is also subsumed under the argumentum ad verecundiam. www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/Contrad/Mirlogical.html   (1776 words)

Stephen Downes : Fallacies   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) ad hominem (abusive) - instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks the person who made the assertion. ad hominem (circumstantial) - instead of attacking an assertion the author points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the person's circumstances. ad hominem (tu quoque) - this form of attack on the person notes that a person does not practise what he preaches. www.dssrg.curtin.edu.au /doc/argument.html   (4650 words)

Fallacies of Relevance Even in areas where they have some special knowledge or skill, expert authorities could be mistaken; we may accept their testimony as inductive evidence but never as deductive proof of the truth of a conclusion. The mirror-image of the appeal to authority is the ad hominem argument, in which we are encouraged to reject a proposition because it is the stated opinion of someone regarded as disreputable in some way. In any of its varieties, the ad hominem fallacy asks us to adopt a position on the truth of a conclusion for no better reason than that someone believes its opposite. www.philosophypages.com /lg/e06a.htm   (1060 words)

A Guide to Fallacies This is an ad hominem circumstantial, since it brings in the circumstances of the claimant when they are not relevant to the claim at issue (even if they might explain his or her interest). This is an ad hominem tu quoque, since it draws to our attention an inconsistency in the argument: if the claim is true, then the claimant should either change his or her ways or admit that the claim doesn't have to apply to everyone after all. In summary, the argumentum ad populum uses numbers to support claims when an inductive justification is insufficient to prove them. www.galilean-library.org /int16.html   (7296 words)

How & Why Discussions With Agnostics & Atheists Often <Sadly> Collapse / The Many Logical Fallacies of Ed ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) The first use of the circumstantial ad hominem charges people who dispute your conclusion with inconsistency, either among their beliefs or between their preaching and their practice, which may be regarded as a kind of reproach or abuse. The second use of the circumstantial ad hominem charges one's adversaries with being so prejudiced that their alleged reasons are mere rationalizations of conclusions dictated by self-interest. We may define the argumentum ad populum fallacy a little more narrowly as the attempt to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the emotions and enthusiasms of the multitude, rather than by appeal to the relevant facts. ic.net /~erasmus/RAZ381.HTM   (8641 words)

Logic and Reasoning This is the opposite to Argumetum ad Antiquitatem. This is the opposite to Argumentum ad Crumenam. Argumtenum ad Hominem: These are arguments directed at an individual. www.god-zone.org.nz /logic.html   (1951 words)

ESGS Logical Fallacies   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Also called Ad Populum, Appeal to Numbers, Ad Numerum. However, in the case of an Ad Populum the appeal is to the fact that most people approve of a claim. In such cases it is still prudent to question the justification of the individual beliefs. www.esgs.org /uk/log1b.htm   (842 words)

Logic Loop One   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) It may have infected the mind of a dozen politicians simultaneously. This is identified as "Argumentum Ad Populum," or arguing from popularity. Popularity is the determining factor in whether you do or do not do something. www.christianlogic.com /loop/logic_loop_1.htm   (280 words)

Advertising Tricks of the Trade The argumentum ad vercundium is an appeal to tradition or authority in support of some contention. All that is required i s a habit or inclination of making statements without supporting them or a lack of concern for or desire to prove points rather than maneuver an audience into accepting them. This is not to say that fallacies will not appear in the most carefully thought out and constructed ad. www.wsu.edu:8080 /~taflinge/tricks.html   (3388 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   Press   |   Contact us   Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with terms.