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Topic: Ariane 2 and Ariane 3

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	Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were expendable launch systems in the Ariane family designed by the European Space Agency.
		Ariane 2 and 3 had the same basic design as Ariane 1, but with increased thrust of first and second stage engines, a taller third stage, and a larger internal payload fairing volume.
		The first launch of Ariane 2 was on 30 May 1986 and was a failure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ariane_2_and_Ariane_3 (269 words)

	Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Ariane 2 and 3 have the design as the Ariane 1 but with increased thrust for first second stage engines a taller third stage larger internal payload fairing volume.
		The first launch of the Ariane 2 on May 30 1986 and was a failure.
		The small number of flights of the 2 and 3 is due to the of the much more versatile and powerful Ariane 4.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ariane_2 (580 words)

	Ariane
		Ariane 1 flew 11 times from 1979 to 1986, failed twice, and launched a number of communications and other satellites, and the Giotto probe to Halley’s Comet.
		The first and third stages of the Ariane 2 and 3 were lengthened from those of their predecessor to enable a longer burn time, and the engines of stages one, two, and three were increased in thrust.
		Ariane 5’s 17,500-kg LEO (low Earth orbit) payload capacity was intended to accommodate the Hermes space plane.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/Ariane.html (618 words)

	ESA - Launchers Home - Ariane 1, 2, 3
		Ariane 1 was designed primarily to put two telecommunications satellites at a time into orbit, thus reducing costs.
		Ariane 3 made a record 11 flights from 1984 to 1989, all of which were successful.
		The first and third stages of Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were longer than those of Ariane 1, while Ariane 3 had strap-on boosters containing liquid or solid propellant, making it the most flexible and powerful of the three launchers, capable of launching a payload of 1.7 tonnes.
	www.esa.int /esaMI/Launchers_Home/SEMN2E67ESD_0.html (192 words)

	What is a launcher - Past - Ariane 1/2/3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ariane, which first flew in December 1979, was designed primarily for putting telecommunications satellites into orbit two at a time to reduce launch costs.
		As the size of satellites grew, Ariane 1 gave way in 1984 to the more powerful Ariane 2 and Ariane 3, and these in turn were superseded by Ariane 4 in 1988.
		Ariane 2, 3 and 4 all belonged to the same family but with certain differences.
	extids.estec.esa.nl /ATTACHEMENTS/A8604 (205 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Ariane Mission Report \| Mission Status Center
		Ariane 5 ECA features upgraded twin solid boosters, each loaded with an extra 2.43 tonnes of propellant, increasing their combined thrust on liftoff by a total of 60 tonnes compared to the Generic configuration.
		The Ariane 5 ECA rocket was transported to its launch pad in the jungles of northeastern South America this morning.
		It was the Vulcain 2 main engine that experienced an unforeseen breakdown of cooling tubes during the December 2002 maiden launch, leading to the overheating and utter destruction of the bell-shaped nozzle.
	spaceflightnow.com /ariane/v164/status.html (3504 words)

	Kourou
		Ariane 2/3, Ariane 4, Ariane 42L, Ariane 42P, Ariane 44L, Ariane 44LP, Ariane 44P.
		French communications; 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1992; 8 deg W in 1992-1999 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 8.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day.
		The Ariane placed the Satmex 5 satellite into a 211km x 21516 km x 7.0 degree orbit from which the satellite was to use its on-board engine to reach geostationary orbit.
	www.astronautix.com /sites/kourou.htm (11882 words)

	ESA - Launch vehicles - Ariane 5 Generic
		Ariane 5 is used for launches into geostationary transfer orbit GTO), medium and low Earth orbits, Sun-synchronous orbits (SSO) and Earth-escape trajectories.
		All Ariane 5 versions are composed of a central core stage to which are attached two solid boosters.
		In order to launch Ariane 5, ESA built a new launch site at Europe’s Spaceport near to the town of Kourou in French Guiana, as well as facilities to integrate the solid boosters and to produce the solid propellant used by the boosters.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Launchers_Access_to_Space/SEM9UD67ESD_0.html (185 words)

	Ariane 2/3
		As Ariane 1 but with increased thrust first and second stage engines, 25% stretched third stage, 4 sec specific impulse improvement in third stage, larger internal payload fairing volume, and introduction of Sylda payload carrier for dual payloads.
		Ariane 3 added two solid rocket motor strap-ons.
		Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/lvs/ariane23.htm (1045 words)

	Ariane 5 - Summary
		The Ariane launch vehicle was designed originally as both a commercial satellite and manned spacecraft launch vehicle.
		The Ariane's 39,000 lb payload capability was sized by the mass of the HERMES Space Plane.
		Once the HERMES was cancelled, the Ariane 5 was converted to a strictly commercial launcher.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/ariane5_sum.shtml (256 words)

	Ariane 2/3
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1985-1994; 63 deg W in 1994-1996; 79 deg W in 1996-1998; 144 deg W in 1998-1999 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 143.96 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1988-1992; 3 deg E in 1992-1996 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 109.19 deg W drifting at 8.404 deg W per day.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/ariane23.htm (2052 words)

	Ariane 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ariane 1 Ariane 2 Ariane 3 Ariane 4
		The Ariane 1-3 are based on a three stages configuration comprising the L140 first stage powered by four strap-on Viking V engines, the L33 second stage powered by one Viking IV rocket motor, and the H8 upper stage powered by the HM-7 cryogenic engine.
		France officials expects Ariane 5 to remain active until 2010 with about 64 launchers to be built and launched at a rate of 8-10 per year.
	www.deagel.com /pandora?p=pm00380005 (372 words)

	Progress Made for Launch of Europe's Delayed ATV
		The unmanned ATV, expected to weigh 20,750 kilograms at launch, is designed to be orbited by a specially modified Ariane 5 rocket and to dock automatically with the space station to deliver more than 10,000 kilograms of fuel and other supplies to the orbital complex.
		After a stay of several months at the station, the ATV is supposed to be filled with some 6,300 kilograms of garbage, then sent on its way to a controlled destructive re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, where it will disintegrate.
		The primary and backup teams of astronauts who are scheduled to be at the station when the Jules Verne arrives will be trained in ATV handling later this year at ESA's European Astronaut Center in Cologne, Germany, as well at Russia's Star City complex outside Moscow.
	www.space.com /spacenews/050328_business_monday.html (770 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Mystery over rocket failure
		Officials were adamant that the next flight of Ariane 5, using a "classical" non-enhanced version of the booster, would go ahead in January when the Rosetta comet lander would be launched.
		Officials were keen to point out that the January launch of the Rosetta comet mission would go ahead as it is using the "classical" version of Ariane 5 and not the beefed-up version that had failed on Wednesday night.
		The Ariane 5-ECA was carrying Stentor, an experimental telecommunications satellite for the French space agency, CNES, and Hot Bird7, a Eutelsat television broadcast satellite.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2570053.stm (624 words)

	Ariane 1 - 4
		Ariane was optimized for launches in GTO to which it could deliver 1750 kg.
		Those launchers are directly derived from the previous version, retaining the 3 stages and lengthening the first one and addition solid and/or liquid boosters.
		The flexibility of Ariane 4 is due to the adaptation of the payload by addition of boosters on the first stage.
	www.sat-net.com /serra/aria14_e.htm (824 words)

	CNN - Ariane 5 blasts off in crucial launch - Oct. 30, 1997
		KOUROU, French Guiana (CNN) -- After months of delays caused by technical glitches, the new Ariane 5 rocket was blasted into space on Thursday in a launch seen as crucial to restoring confidence after the maiden effort ended in disaster last year.
		The European Space Agency had postponed an Ariane 5 launch three times this year for additional checks and modification of the rocket's electrical systems and software.
		The Ariane 5 rocket, which has a carrying capacity double that of Ariane 4, remains a priority as Arianespace seeks to fill a backlog of orders.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9710/30/ariane.launch (555 words)

	Ariane 3 resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Ariane 3 is an improved version of the Ariane 1.
		The only Ariane 2 photos I have (not good ones) show markings very similar to the Ariane 1, not 3.
		So: to make an Ariane 2, get the Ariane 3, but ask me for a set of decals for the Ariane 1 instead.
	sputnik.freehomepage.com /Models/Ar3.html (192 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Ariane Launch Report \| Rosetta soars on ambitious comet intercept mission
		Embarking on its epic voyage to gain new insights into comets and the history of our solar system, the Rosetta spacecraft was successfully launched today to rendezvous with a cosmic snowball and deploy a tiny lander onto its icy heart.
		The Ariane solid rockets and first stage put Rosetta on an arcing suborbital ballistic trajectory about ten minutes after launch.
		Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program's efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings.
	spaceflightnow.com /ariane/v158/040302launch.html (1878 words)

	Ariane 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ariane 2 Ariane 3 Ariane 4 Ariane 5
		The first Ariane 1 vehicle was launched in 1979 being available for commercial launches in 1984 and placing 14 spacecraft into orbit along all its career.
		It was capable of carrying a 3,968 lb (1,800 kg) payload to a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
	www.deagel.com /pandora?p=pm00380001 (145 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathLand: Pentium Bug Revisited
		The SRT algorithm does essentially the same thing, except that it works with the numbers -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2 instead of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 -- that is, in base 4 instead of base 10.
		Interestingly, the launch failure of the Ariane 5 rocket, which exploded 37 seconds after liftoff on June 4, 1996, occurred because of a software error that resulted from converting a 64-bit floating point number to a 16-bit integer.
		Information about the failure of Ariane 5 is available at http://www.esrin.esa.it/htdocs/tidc/Press/Press96/press33.html and at http://www.math.ufl.edu/~cws/3114/ariane-siam.html.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathland_5_12.html (1190 words)

	Ariane 1, 2, and 3 from the ESA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ariane 1, 2, and 3 from the ESA
		Altogether, eleven successful Ariane-1 launches took place between 1979 and 1986, and five successful Ariane-2 flights between 1987 and 1989.
		The first and third stages of Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were longer than those of Ariane 1, while Ariane 3 had strap-on boosters containing liquid or solid propellant, making it the most flexible and powerful of the three launchers, able to launch a payload of 1.7 tonnes.
	www.spacehike.com /esaariane123.html (287 words)

	Ariane 5 Vulcain 2 Engine Now in Full Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ESA was represented by Antonio Fabrizi, Director of Launchers and Robert Lainé, Head of the Ariane Department.
		The Vulcain 2 is used for the main stage of the Ariane 5 ECA that can place payloads of up to 10 tonnes into geostationary orbit, and by the Ariane 5 ES ATV, designed to deliver ESA’s Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) to the International Space Station (ISS).
		Vulcain 2 is a modification of the Vulcain cryogenic engine used by the Ariane 5 Generic launcher and has an increased thrust of 20%.
	www.azom.com /news.asp?newsID=2853 (1422 words)

	From Ariane-1 to Ariane-5
		The main modifications made to Ariane-1 to create an Ariane- 2 or Ariane-3 launcher were as follows:
		This is mainly due to Europe's political will to back the programme in order to achieve the best possible end result (launcher, launch base and services), developed and produced in a suitable structure fully geared to market requirements and capable of standing upto the competition.
		Ariane's successes came thick and fast in the early eighties and today Ariane is the yardstick for success on the world launch services market, thanks to:
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /rfs/rfs16/guer16.htm (1141 words)

	Artist-Statement.com - Writing the Artist Statement
		ARIANE GOODWIN, ED.D. Attention Artists, Musicians, Dancers, and Performers...
		Where my business was, and where it is today, has changed dramatically due to Ariane's coaching talent in directing and working with me on ideas, and her ability to help build foundations!
		If Ariane can help me look this good, imagine what she can do for you!
	www.artist-statement.com (658 words)

	Boeing: Integrated Defense Systems - Satellite Development Center - Boeing 601 Fleet - DIRECTV
		DIRECTV-3 was launched on June 9, 1995, on an Ariane rocket.
		The antennas are aligned in a unified structure to provide a significant improvement in antenna pointing performance.
		The Hughes 601-now Boeing 601- satellite line was introduced by HSC in 1987 to meet anticipated requirements for high-power, multiple-payload spacecraft for such applications as direct broadcast, private business networks, and mobile communications.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/601/dbs/dbs.html (704 words)

	Orbiting Astronomical Observatories
		Ariel 2, 3, and 4, launched March 27, 1964 (2), May 5, 1967 (3), and December 11, 1971, respectively, investigated astronomical objects in the radio range.
		HEAO 2 was launched on November 13, 1978 nad operational until April 25, 1981 (with one longer interuption).
		HEAO 3 was launched on September 20, 1979, carried Gamma ray telescopes, and was active until it finally ceased operation on May 29, 1981.
	www.seds.org /~spider/oaos/oaos.html (2833 words)

	Essaim 1, 2, 3, 4
		Under the contract, Astrium is also responsible for launch services, personnel training and system operations during the three-year life duration of the programme.
		with Helios 2A, Essaim 2, 3, 4, PARASOL, Nanosat 01
		with Helios 2A, Essaim 1, 2, 3, PARASOL, Nanosat 01
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/essaim-1.htm (199 words)

	Centre Spatial Guyanais / Kourou Space Centre
		Following the first firing of a Diamant rocket by the French Space Agency, CNES, in 1970, Europe decided to use the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG), in Kourou for its Europa launchers.
		In 1975, ESA took over the existing European facilities at the Guiana Space Centre to build ELA-1 (the "Ensemble de Lancement Ariane", or Ariane launch complex) for its Ariane-1 launcher, soon to be followed by Ariane 2/3.
		For Ariane-4, and to step up the launch-rate, ESA created ELA-2, which makes it possible to start assembling another launcher before the preceding one has even left its pad.
	earth.esa.int /envisat/support-docs/csg.html (428 words)

	Interplanetary Space Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This short article discusses the mission background including some important, perhaps not widely known, details of the mission: 1) that the primary vehicle actually failed; and 2) the mission was rescued by using the previously untried technique of chaotic boundary region orbital transfer worked out by Dr. Ed Belbruno.
		The study and practical application of chaotic orbits is a new and important horizon in orbital mechanics.
		Voyager 1 and 2: [ @ JPL ] [ @ NSSDC ] [ @ NASM ]
	members.aol.com /gca7sky/mission1.htm (3751 words)

	Rockets Space Science- Apollo, Ariane Family, Sputnik, Launchers, Probes, Fly-bys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rockets Space Science- Apollo, Ariane Family, Sputnik, Launchers, Probes, Fly-bys
		'Ariane 10 tonnes': added lift capability for Europe
		New Ariane launcher all set for November liftoff: 11 November 2002
	www.spacehike.com /rockets.html (186 words)

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