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Topic: Aridity

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	ARIDITY ON THE CANADIAN PLAINS: PAST RECORDS AND FUTURE FORECASTS
		The Canadian GCM forecasts the least increase in precipitation and the largest increase in temperature and therefore an approximately 50% increase in the area of subhumid climate and a significant area of semiarid climate by the 2050s.
		The climate of the 20th century was anomalous in terms of the absence of sustained drought and the climate normal period of 1961-1990 may have been among the most benign of the past 750 years.
		Because both lake and tree-ring analyses recorded an abrupt amelioration of climatic conditions near the start of the instrumental record, we suggest that the immediate impacts of future global warming may be to return the prairie environment to past conditions in which persistent aridity was recorded for intervals of decades or longer.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_55507.htm (371 words)

	Water Resources eAtlas - Watersheds of the World
		Six aridity zones are delineated based on the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (PET).
		Additional aridity zones include hyperarid environments where ratios are less than 0.05 and humid areas where ratios are greater then 0.65.
		This map is based on an aridity index derived from the ratio of mean annual precipitation to the mean annual potential evapotranspiration.
	www.iucn.org /themes/wani/eatlas/html/gm10.html (696 words)

	[No title]
		To understand attachments, we think of the words of Our Lord in Mt. 6.21: "Where your treasure is, there is your heart also." In a narrow sense, that might he a box of coins hidden under the floor for safekeeping.
		And in aridity he can tell a soul that it is a strong soul, and does not need consolations.
		Here are some passages from Saints who had much aridity, but profited from it: 1.
	www.ewtn.com /library/SCRIPTUR/ARIDITY.TXT (2405 words)

	AMS Glossary
		The overall concept of aridity versus humidity is coming to be known as precipitation effectiveness.
		The first, used by W. Köppen and modified by Bailey, does not openly define aridity, but rather assigns delimiting values of annual precipitation (treated with regard to distribution and temperature) to separate a dry climate from other types.
		Of this type are Thornthwaite's precipitation- effectiveness index and moisture index, E. de Martonne's index of aridity, W. Gorczyński's aridity coefficient, Lang's moisture factor, and Ångström's humidity coefficient.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=aridity1 (150 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		However, aridity alone can't provide an accurate description of what a desert is. For example, Phoenix, Arizona (additional info and facts about Phoenix, Arizona) receives less than 250 millimeters, (10 inches), of precipitation per year, and is immediately recognized as being located in the desert.
		These places owe their profound aridity (the average annual precipitation is often less than 40mm) to being very far from the nearest available sources of moisture.
		Polar deserts are areas with annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters and a mean temperature during the warmest month of less than 10° C. Polar deserts on Earth cover nearly 5 million square kilometers and are mostly bedrock (Solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil) or gravel (Rock fragments and pebbles) plains.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/desert.htm (3564 words)

	Search Results for aridity - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Plant and animal life are scarce and consist of species that can withstand the high degree of aridity and heat.
		With the exception of the fl soil in the northeastern region of al-Jazirah, soils are deficient in phosphorus and...
		This region experiences an aridity that is primarily caused by the dry subsidence created by the South Pacific high pressure cell and the stabilizing action of the cold Peru Current.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=aridity (337 words)

	DID THE WOOD ROACH CAUSE the PERMIAN- ARIDITY, RED BEDS, and CONIFER RISE?
		Cellulose digestion by wood roaches may have removed enough mulch (detritus) to have caused hiatus of coal, aridity, and some of the temperature rise, as well as increasing conifers in late Permian.
		It is suggested that the symbiosis of cellulose digesting microbes with the cockroach, probably in the Permian, caused fundamental ecological changes which lowered soil organic matter, created aridity, helped increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, helped eliminate glaciers, and favored conifers with their inert interior and wood poisons.
		The aridity of South Africa [Smith] may have been from winds from the southeast drifting down off those glaciers and turning to the west from Coriolis forces.
	www.angelfire.com /nc/isoptera/roach.html (7299 words)

	Saudi Arabia
		In the east, along the Persian Gulf, is a low-lying region known as Al Ahsa'.
		Extreme heat and aridity are characteristic of most of Saudi Arabia.
		Annual rainfall in Riyadh averages 81 mm (3.2 in) and falls almost exclusively between January and May; the average in Jiddah is 61 mm (2.4 in) and occurs between November and January.
	www.ovayonda.ws /lodging/country/sa.html (517 words)

	Aridity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See our fundraising page and the daily reports for details.
		a term used to define dryness of an environment, [ie, an organic structure (eg plant or animal) will have more of its moisture removed more quickly when in an environment of high aridity.]
		This page was last modified 18:10, 17 December 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aridity (78 words)

	Water, Aridity and the Growth of the American West
		As a result, the connections between aridity, human thirst, water control, and social power have not been obvious to the region or its historians.
		To remedy that failure -- and it is an immense one, with immense implications -- we must make a long, wide-ranging excursion outside the borders of the United States to the farthest points of the earth, wherever other people have also encountered dry places and tried to overcome their natural limits.
		In the case of irrigation, an ecological view of history would hold that aridity has been a crucial, though not a rigidly deterministic experience for people to deal with.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /stc-link/weblink/water/materials/worster.html (15493 words)

	Map - Watersheds of the World - Aridity
		The identification of arid area is based on the World Atlas of Desertification (United Nations Environment Program [UNEP], 1992) global aridity zone map, consisting of a 30-minute resolution map that divides the world into six aridity zones.
		Potential evapotranspiration is the amount of moisture that, if it were available, would be removed by evaporation and transpiration.
		These areas are based on an aridity index, calculated as a ratio between precipitation and evapotranspiration in the range
	www.earthtrends.org /text/water-resources/map-277.html (170 words)

	Drought in the West linked to warmer temperatures
		Severe drought in western states in recent years may be linked to climate warming trends, according to new research led by scientists from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University to be posted October 7 on Science magazine's website, www.sciencemag.org.
		Analyzing aridity in the western U.S. over the past 1,200 years, the study team, which also included scientists from the University of Arizona, University of Arkansas, and NOAA, found evidence suggesting that elevated aridity in the U.S. West may be a natural response to climate warming.
		The study revealed that a 400-year-long period of elevated aridity and epic drought occurred in what is now the western U.S. during the period A.D. This corresponds broadly to the so-called "Medieval Warm Period," a time in which a variety of paleoclimate records indicate unusual warmth over much of the Northern Hemisphere.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/teia-dit100404.php (608 words)

	A late Eemian aridity pulse in central Europe during the last glacial inception : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Investigating the processes that led to the end of the last interglacial period is relevant for understanding how our ongoing interglacial will end, which has been a matter of much debate (see, for example, refs 1, 2).
		Here we present an annually resolved, layer-counted record of varve thickness, quartz grain size and pollen assemblages from a maar lake in the Eifel (Germany), which documents a late Eemian aridity pulse lasting 468 years with dust storms, aridity, bushfire and a decline of thermophilous trees at the time of glacial inception.
		We interpret the decrease in both precipitation and temperature as an indication of a close link of this extreme climate event to a sudden southward shift of the position of the North Atlantic drift, the ocean current that brings warm surface waters to the northern European region.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v436/n7052/abs/nature03905.html (289 words)

	Forage Aridity Index from ARA database
		This file contains the Forage Aridity Index (Shields and Sly, 1984) for four soil water holding capacities.
		If the soil is Solonized Solonetz or Organic, then the AWHC is not applicable.
		For the aridity index, water holding capacity of the soil = field capacity - permanent wilting point.
	sis.agr.gc.ca /cansis/nsdb/ara/forarid.html (122 words)

	MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,) - Online Information article about MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
		Its upper waters are not much navigated because of the aridity of its coasts, but there are two or three important ports towards the south.
		horse latitudes, crosses the northern parts of Lower California and Sonora, which accounts for their extreme aridity.
		The southern terraces of the plateau have no high mountain barriers between them and the moist winds of the Caribbean, and they too receive an abundant rainfall in the wet season, especially during the prevalence of heavy " northers " on the Gulf coast.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MEC_MIC/MEXICO_Span_Mejico_or_Mexico_.html (6703 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Russia
		In the regions of the Vistula and the Baltic and in the south-western part of Finland the intensive system of agriculture obtains; no portion of the land remains untilled, but the peasants sow seed and plant vegetables in alternate years, so as not to exhaust the productiveness of the soil.
		In several regions, especially in the Caucasus, in Daghestan, Transcaucasia, and Turkestan, a remedy is found for the aridity of the soil in irrigation by means of canals.
		In other regions of a marshy character the work of draining the swamps is carried on, at times by the Government, and at times by private parties.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13231c.htm (19233 words)

	AI page
		The index of aridity for each climate week and year is given by:
		Harouna, S., and R. Carlson, 1994: Analysis of an Iowa Aridity Index in relationship to climate and crop yield.
		Hollinger, S. Isard, and M. Welford, 1993: A new soil moisture drought index for predicting crop yields.
	www.mesonet.agron.iastate.edu /~windmill/AIpage.html (1154 words)

	Aridity in face of crisis - Feb. 20, 2004
		Aridity in face of crisis - Feb. 20, 2004
		IT IS a season for finger-pointing, a period of recrimination, a time to put someone down and one's self on an undeserved pedestal.
		More than meets the eye - Ambeth Ocampo
	www.inq7.net /opi/2004/feb/20/opi_jmontelibano-1.htm (999 words)

	Rivers of Empire : Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rivers of Empire : Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West
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