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	The Arikara Tribe - Indians With Horns
		When the Arikara left the body of their kindred in the southwest they were associated with the Skidi, one of the tribes of the Pawnee confederacy.
		The Arikara bartered corn with the Cheyenne and other tribes for buffalo robes, skins, and meat, and exchanged these with the traders for cloth, cooking utensils, guns, etc. Early dealings with the traders were carried on by the women.
		The Arikara were equally tenacious of their language, even though they were next-door neighbors to the Sioux tribes for more than a century, living on terms of intimacy and intermarrying to a great extent.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-Arikara.html (1943 words)

	Arikara War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arikara (a Native American nation also called Arikaree or Ree) warriors attacked a trapping expedition travelling on the river.
		First, it was the first military conflict between the United States and the western Native Americans, setting the tone for future encounters with the Crow and Blackfeet.
		The Arikara eventually settled on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arikara_War (165 words)

	The Arikara War - The First Plains Indian War
		The Arikara, also known as the Arikaree or Ree Indians, were a semi-nomadic group who lived in tipis on the plains of South Dakota for several hundred years.
		Though the Arikaras were never noted for their friendliness to white settlers, all hell would break loose when a chief’s son was killed by a trading company employee.
		In the 1830's, the Arikara were almost destroyed by small pox and in the end, were forced from their lands by the Sioux in the 1870's.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-ArikaraWar.html (612 words)

	Arikara
		The Arikaras are at war with the Crow Indians and Mandans andc.
		The Arikaras have a custom similar to the Sioux in many instances, they think they cannot show a sufficient acknowledgement without giving to their guest handsome squaws and think they are despised if they are not received.
		I also told the Arikaras that I was very sorry to hear that they were not on friendly terms with their neighbors the Mandans and Hidatsas and had not listened to what we had said to them but had suffered their young men to join the Sioux who had killed 8 Mandans andc.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Arikara.htm (8766 words)

	sciforums.com - Are Europeans peacefull?
		Anglo-French War, (1689-1697)-Known in Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg AND as the War of the Grand Alliance.
		Wars of the French Revolution, (1792-1802)-The Wars of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great political, social and military change throughout the European continent.
		The war in Yugoslavia, wich proved that war was just around the corner and also a part in the more worldwide awakening muslim conscious and the conflicts we have now.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=34823 (2478 words)

	Native Americans - American Indians - The First People of America; History of Native American Tribes
		The conflicts led to the Indian Wars, the Indian Removal Act empowered by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 and other acts instituted by the Europeans in order to accomplish their objectives, as they viewed them at the time.
		In these wars the Indian tribes were at a great disadvantage because of their modest numbers, nomadic life, lack of advanced weapons, and unwillingness to cooperate, even in their own defense.
		The last major war was not really a war, it was a massacre in 1890 where Indian warriors, women, and children were slaughtered by U.S. cavalrymen at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in a final spasm of ferocity.
	www.nativeamericans.com (1615 words)

	Biographical Dictionary of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara
		As a young man he was chosen to be a war Chief and was one of three Arikara delegates that signed the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty and also became a Treaty Chief.
		MELVINA EVERETT, 78, tribal leader: Everett, an Arikara elder and oral historian from the Three Affiliated Tribes, died Sunday in White Shield, N.D. Everett was active in the Sahnish Culture Society, and organized in the early 1990s to preserve and promote the Arikara history and heritage.
		Four Bears was a war Chief in the hard times after the 1837 small-pox epidemic that had ravaged the population of the Knife River Villages.
	lib.fbcc.bia.edu /fortberthold/TATBIO.htm (13565 words)

	hist1009
		The Arikara were, on the whole, friendly with the white people, but after an engagement with a group of fur traders under the leadership of Ashley in 1822, they were driven from their village on Cottonwood Creek, by General Leavenworth in 1823.
		Thus the Arikara rejoiced when they heard that some white men had broken a Sioux blockade and were headed their way.
		The Arikara did not yet know their chief had died peacefully, and the Americans did not know the Arikara and Mandan were at war that summer.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist1009a.html (1725 words)

	MHA Nation - Three Affiliated Tribes
		A genuine eagle feather war bonnet was presented to President Clinton in a traditional ceremony in the Oval Office by Chairman Tex G. Hall of the Three Affiliated Tribes.
		Chairman Hall explained to President Clinton that after consulting with elders and spiritual leaders of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, (the Three Affiliated Tribes), it was decided to present the President with the genuine war bonnet.
		A genuine war bonnet is normally given only to those Indian leaders who display the highest honor and courage on behalf of their people.
	www.mhanation.com /main/news/war_bonnet_pres_3_25_01.html (453 words)

	untitled
		The Arikara are thought to have migrated to the Missouri River Basin centuries ago.
		The Arikara were never able to create a stable political structure; literally, there were "too many chiefs and not enough Indians." Internal power struggles affected their relations with other tribes and eventually "Whites" who came to the area.
		The Arikara thus gained the reputation of being violent, unpredictable, untrustworthy, not the kind of people to establish permanent trade agreements with.
	www.humboldt.edu /~wrd1/legacybe.htm (2328 words)

	Bibliography of the Mandan, Hidatsa, & Sahnish
		Traditions of the Arikara ; collected under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington /by George A. Dorsey.
		The Arikara narrative of the campaign against the hostile Dakotas, June, l876.
		A study of Arikara skeletal populations by multivariate analysis : a problem in classification / by Paul Ming-chang Lin.
	lib.fbcc.bia.edu /fortberthold/Tatbibl.asp (7118 words)

	Dumb Looks Still Free: Wars, short... Wars, long (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As mentioned the Revolutionary War was much longer, costlier in US lives as a portion of population (something like 10% of the then current population) and took forever to get a real government in place.
		The Barbary Wars took a bit longer to finally get sorted out, didn't last that way and only really ended once the Ottoman Empire took over, so the initial problem of tribute to Muslims was ended, but only by a larger State taking over the place.
		ONLY 30% of the American people are against the war, and really haven't figured out that killing or submission is the only thing that these terrorists have in store for them.
	ajacksonian.blogspot.com /2006/08/wars-short-wars-long.html (1552 words)

	Arikara - Ethnos - Books about the Arikara People
		The Arikara Narrative of Custer's Campaign and the Battle of the Little Bighorn
		Oral histories collected from the Arikara scouts who fought beside Custer at the Battle of the the Little Big Horn.
		The Arikara War: The First Plains Indian War, 1823
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Arikara.htm (87 words)

	Pacaritambo Books - Machu Picchu Magazine and History Bookstore, Native American History, Northern Plains Tribes Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1823, at the height of the fur trade, Arikara warriors attacked an American trapping expedition on the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota.
		The result was the defeat of the Arikara and a debate between Americans advocating the firm subjugation of the Native Americans and those who held to more pacific and accommodationist philosophies.
		The Arikara War: The First Plains Indian War, 1823 offers both white and Indian perspectives as it examines causes and effects of this little, time-lost war.
	www.pacaritambo.com /NANorthern.html (409 words)

	Fort Atkinson, Nebraska - The Fur Trade
		On June 2, 1823, the Ashley party was attacked at the Arikara village in present north-central South Dakota and was forced to retreat after suffering a number of killed and wounded.
		As a show of U.S. military strength, the Arikara War was a pitiful failure.
		The 1823 defeat by the Arikara, and a series of events which followed in the summer and fall of 1824, prompted William H. Ashley to take steps which would revolutionize the operation of the western fur trade.
	www-dial.jpl.nasa.gov /~steven/casde/atkinson/fur.html (1024 words)

	Amazon.com: The Arikara War: The First Plains Indian War, 1823: Books: William R. Nester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Arikara War would become the harbinger of things to unfold in both commercial and political developments and their impact upon America's Western regions.
		This would be a far more important factor in the decline of Arikara influence than the expedition of General Henry Leavenworth and a military detachment and a group of Sioux Indians against the Arikara nation.
		The result was the defeat of the Arikara and a debate between Americans advocating the firm subjugation of the Native Americans and those who held to more pacific and accommodationist philosophies.
	www.amazon.com /Arikara-War-First-Plains-Indian/dp/0878424318 (1252 words)

	USA Arikara War 1823
		The Arikara (Rees) Indians went on the warpath when white fur hunters began encroaching on their lands along the upper Missouri River in the Dakotas.
		A bloody Arikara attack (1823) on trapper led to the first US Army punitive expedition against an American Plains Indian tribe.
		Troops under Colonel Henry H. Leavenworth (1783-1834) inflicted damages on Arikara villages, opening up areas for the whites; moving northward, the Arikara eventually settled on fort Berthold reservation, North Dakota, in the 1860s.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/alpha/arikara1823.htm (210 words)

	Arikaras
		The Arikaras are closely related to the Pawnees.
		The Arikaras, like the Pawnees, had a special way of preparing the scalp lock by dressing it with buffalo fat until it stood erect and curved backward like a horn.
		By the 17th century the Arikaras lived in villages along the Missouri River in present-day North Dakota and South Dakota.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /WWarikara.htm (303 words)

	Wounded Hawk: Chief Iron Bear
		His place of birth was the Awahu village on the west side of the river.
		When he grew to manhood, he was chosen to become the Head Arikara War Chief, because he was a fearless leader and a strategist in warfare, against the Dakotas, the traditional enemy of the Three Tribes."
		The tribes that assembled were called together for the purpose of establishing and confirming peaceful relations amongst themselves, to abstain from all hostilites whatever against each other, to maintain good faith and friendship in all their mutual intercourse, and to make an effective and lasting peace.
	www.natureshift.org /Whawk/resource/ironbear.html (340 words)

	Pow Wow Info - PowWows.com » Dancing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the War of 1812, the Ponca and the Omaha allied with the United States, while the Sauk, who held territories northeast of the Omaha, allied with the British.
		Since the “War of 1812,” the Sauk tribe had continued to make war on the Omaha and the Ponca earthlodge villages which lay between the Sauk territory and the buffalo herds to the west.
		Instead of the war speeches and coup countings of the earlier dance there were long prayers for the benefit of the group by designated officials.
	www.powwows.com /info/?cat=3 (14161 words)

	AUTHORS N-Z
		The Modoc War ended in 1873 with the execution of the tribal leaders and relocation of the tribe to Oklahoma.
		Records was a freighter on the Santa Fe Trail, a cowpuncher in the Dodge City stockyards, escaped the Dull Knife raid in 1878, and staked a claim in the Cheyenne-Arapaho Run.
		The Civil War Memories of Elizabeth Bacon Custer Reconstructed From Her Diaries and Notes by Arlene Reynolds.
	www.oldwestbooks.com /authorsn.htm (13549 words)

	Our Projects
		Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation Demonstration Wind Turbine Project
		As the project approached completion, it became clear that the payment from NativeEnergy was critical to both the coverage of costs associated with this first turbine and the work that the Tribe began for the expansion of wind development on the Rosebud Reservation.”
		NativeEnergy’s customers have helped build a new 60 kW single turbine of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation on their reservation in North Dakota.
	www.nativeenergy.com /projects.html (2176 words)

	Find in a Library: The Arikara War : the first Plains Indian war, 1823
		Find in a Library: The Arikara War : the first Plains Indian war, 1823
		The Arikara War : the first Plains Indian war, 1823
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/4cff812cf0e9ffb0a19afeb4da09e526.html (69 words)

	"THE ARIKARA WAR; The First Plains Indian War, 1823"
		"THE ARIKARA WAR; The First Plains Indian War, 1823"
		Receive E-mail updates of New Titles and price reductions of books in your interest area.
		""A thorough study of the causes and effects of this little-known war, placing it in the context of American military history and the economic and political climate of the time.
	www.scholarsbookshelf.com /item.asp?userid=&pageid=2&catid=3&subjectid=20&method=sub&itemid=29997 (109 words)

	Cumulative Index for North Dakota History, 1999-2004
		Arikaras, and Lewis and Clark Expedition, 70.3: 26-35, 70.4: 2-10; trade alliances of, 70.4: 2-10
		Sioux wars, and Fort Buford, 69.2, 3, and 4: 34-49; and Yellowstone Surveying Expedition of 1873, 70.3: 2-18; as reported in The Frontier Scout, 69.2, 3, and 4: 89
		Sitting Bull, and aftermath of Sioux War of 1876, 69.2, 3, and 4: 34-49; and attacks on railroad surveying crews, 69.2, 3, and 4: 93; and One Bull, 66.3 and 4: 3-16; life and death of, 66.3 and 4: 3-16, 68.3: 20-42; return to Fort Buford, 69.2, 3, and 4: 34-49, 107-109
	www.state.nd.us /hist/ndhIndex/ndhIndex99_04.html (7933 words)

	Sioux Indian War Items
		American Indians Ghost dance religion Sioux war 13-15
		CUSTER LAKOTA TETON DAKOTA SIOUX INDIAN WARS NWMP RCMP
		"The Indians Revenge" by Berghold 1862 Sioux War
	www.signforpeace.net /siouxindianwar.html (52 words)

	Indian Scout Books Online Catalog
		This is "...a comprehensive look at events that turned America's eyes from the upper Missouri to the Rocky Mountains." - Robert Utley.
		"His account of the traditions of his nation, various wars in which he has been engaged, and his account of the cause and general history of the Black Hawk War of 1832" dictated by himself.
		Ghost stories, war tales, myths as told around a 1785 campfire.
	www.indianscoutbooks.com /catalog-plains.htm (687 words)

	North Dakota History: Journal of the Northern Plains
		Harvest of Dissent: The National Farmers Union and the Early Cold War.
		March of the Columns: Chronicle of the 1876 Indian War, June 27-September 16, 1876, 1994.
		Such Men as Billy the Kid, The Lincoln County War Reconsidered, 1994.
	www.state.nd.us /hist/ndh.htm (4322 words)

	US Navy Units in the Korean War - Korean War Project
		US Navy Units in the Korean War - Looking For
		If you have a unit newsletter or webpage, we encourage you to return to this page often and check entries.
		Korean War Project - P.O. Box 180190 - Dallas - Texas 75218-0190 - 214-320-0342
	www.koreanwar.org /html/looknavy.htm (130 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Businesspeople United States Book D548.A82 2002 c.1 14-18, understanding the Great War / Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker ; translated from the French by Catherin New York : Hill and Wang, c2002.
		World War, 1914-1918 Prisoners and prisons, Russia Book D763.M3 T49 1999 c.1 Malta convoys 1940-42 : by David A. Thomas.
		Book E83.818.N47 2001 c.1 The Arikara War : William R. Nester.
	ucl.broward.edu /books/june2003.txt (12628 words)

	Authors Starting with N from pacaritambo books - Used Books at Biblio
		Henry wants no part of his neighbor's dirty business, but freeing himself of O'Le...
		Missoula, MT: Mountain Press, 2001 CONDITION: NEW 2001 Mountain Press Trade Paperback, first printing.
		CONTENT: Reviewer: "The first military encounter between the fledgling United States government and western Indian tribes was the Arikara War.
	www.biblio.com /browse_books/author/N/49318.html (1683 words)

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