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	L-system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a formal grammar (a set of rules and symbols) most famously used to model the growth processes of plant development, though able to model the morphology of a variety of organisms.
		L-systems were introduced and developed in 1968 by the Hungarian theoretical biologist and botanist from the University of Utrecht, Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989).
		Lindenmayer systems are also popular in the generation of artificial life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lindenmayer_system (815 words)

	Aristid Lindenmayer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aristid Lindenmayer (November 17, 1925 - October 30, 1989) was a Hungarian biologist.
		In 1968 he developed a formal language that is today called L-Systems or Lindenmayer Systems.
		Aristid Lindenmayer, "Mathematical models for cellular interaction in development." J.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristid_Lindenmayer (84 words)

	Lindenmayer Fractals - Lindenmayer Grammars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Lindenmayer system was originally formulated in 1968 by Aristid Lindenmayer, a biologist who was studying algae growth at the time.
		What Lindenmayer could not have predicted is the incredible usefulness of his system in many other areas, both in biology and in mathematics.
		Of course, a Lindenmayer grammar can have any number of transformation rules of any complexity, and there is no limit to the length of the initial axiom.
	www.math.ubc.ca /~cass/courses/m308-03b/projects-03b/skinner/tmp/lindenmayer.htm (446 words)

	An Introduction to Lindenmayer Systems
		L-systems are a mathematical formalism proposed by the biologist Aristid Lindenmayer in 1968 as a foundation for an axiomatic theory of biological development.
		Aristid Lindenmayer's work introduced a new type of string rewriting mechanism, subsequently termed L-systems.
		Lindenmayer systems were conceived as a mathematical theory of development.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e28_3/lsys.html (1288 words)

	Fractal Geometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1968 Aristid Lindenmayer, a biologist, introduced a formal method for modelling the development of plants.
		Now called L-systems, Lindenmayer's method is a type of rewriting system, a general tool for constructing complex objects by starting with a simple object and recursively replacing parts according to instructions provided by a set of rewriting rules.
		A key difference between Lindenmayer's and Chomsky's uses of rewriting systems, illustrating the effectiveness of L-systems for fractals, is that Chomsky applied the rules sequentially while Lindenmayer applied them simultaneously.
	classes.yale.edu /fractals/IntroToFrac/InitGen/LSystems/LSysHist.html (216 words)

	L-system : Lindenmayer systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a set of rules and symbols (a formal grammar) very similar to a semi-Thue grammar[?] (see Chomsky hierarchy).
		It may be used to model the growth processes of plant development, the morphology of a variety of organisms introduced and developed in 1968 by the Swedish theoretical biologist and botanist from the University of Utrecht[?], Aristid Lindenmayer (1925-1989).
		Lindenmayer Systems are very often self-similar and thereby fractals.
	www.city-search.org /li/lindenmayer-systems.html (1132 words)

	Citations: Mathematical Models for Cellular Interaction in Development - Lindenmeyer (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer, "Mathematical Models for Cellular Interaction in Development, Part I, II", Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.
		The state transition table for a Lindenmayer system that produces branching filaments is shown in figure 3.2.
		Aristid Lindenmayer, Mathematical models for cellular interactions in development, Parts I and II, Journal of Theoretical Biology 18, 1968, 280-315.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/89962/0 (1587 words)

	4.1 Aristid Lindenmayer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer, a biologist in the 1960’s, was interested in modeling the growth pattern of a type of algae using a grammar.
		Lindenmayer proposed a grammar system that took an initial string and rewrote it using a set of rules.
		Lindenmayer was able to confirm his prediction by comparing the grammars his system produced with algae under a microscope.
	www.alesdar.org /oldSite/IS/chap4-1.html (177 words)

	Artificial Life, Student Project, SS 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Danish botanist Aristid Lindenmayer (1925-1989) developed a formal language to simplify the description of the complex growth of plants.
		The astonishing point about Lindenmayer's formal language is that it can lead to exceedingly complex entities despite of its simplicity.
		The only things that have to be defined are the rules for the growth process, but not the "final" structure.
	home.datacomm.ch /ozzo/artificiallife/p-02.html (89 words)

	DB&LP: Aristid Lindenmayer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer, Grzegorz Rozenberg: Developmental Systems and Languages.
		Grzegorz Rozenberg, Aristid Lindenmayer: Developmental Systems with Locally Catenative Formulas.
		Martin J. de Boer, Aristid Lindenmayer, Zsolt Tuza: A Periodic Division Pattern that Cannot be Generated by D0L Systems.
	researchsmp2.cc.vt.edu /DB/db/indices/a-tree/l/Lindenmayer:Aristid.html (59 words)

	Aristid Lindenmayer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Aristid Lindenmayer (November 17, 1925 - 1989) was a (A native or inhabitant of Hungary) Hungarian ((biology) a scientist who studies living organisms) biologist.
		In 1968 he developed a (Click link for more info and facts about formal language) formal language that is today called (Click link for more info and facts about L-System) L-Systems or Lindenmayer Systems.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/aristid_lindenmayer.htm (96 words)

	DBLP: Aristid Lindenmayer
		Aristid Lindenmayer, Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz: An Annotated Bibliography of Plant Modeling and Growth Simulation.
		Mark de Does, Aristid Lindenmayer: Algorithms for the generation and drawing of maps representing cell clones.
		Frijters, Aristid Lindenmayer: A Model for the Growth and Flowering of Aster Novae-Angliae on the Basis of Table < 1, 0 > L-Systems.
	sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de /dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Lindenmayer:Aristid.html (256 words)

	MathPAD
		Lindenmayer systems, more commonly known as L-systems, are a mathematical formalism used to describe the developmental growth of organisms.
		The construction of these structures is based on a mathematical formalism developed by Aristid Lindenmayer and the method is therefore dubbed L-systems.
		Then in 1968, the biologist, Aristid Lindenmayer, applied a similar technique to developmental biology with one important difference.
	www.sciface.com /mathpad/2003_1/raimbert (670 words)

	Michael Salsbury: Lindenmayer Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer formulated the idea of Lindenmayer Systems (L-Systems) in 1968.
		He was a botanist at the University of Utrecht who utilised ideas from Chomsky's formal grammars to explain the structure and growth of plants.
		L-Systems had developed so far that by 1987 Lindenmayer was invited to the first Artificial Life conference organised by Chris Langton.
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /research/nlp/gazdar/teach/atc/1999/talksnode1.html (364 words)

	Amazon.ca: Editorial Reviews Books: Lindenmayer Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They were introduced in 1968 by Aristid Lindenmayer (1925-1989) and have proved to be among the most beautiful examples of interdisciplinary science, where work in one area induces fruitful ideas and results in other areas.
		L systems are based on relational and set-theoretic concepts, which are more suitable for the discrete and combinatorial structures of biology than mathematical models based on calculus or statistics.
		The introductory paper by Lindenmayer and Jürgensen was written for a wide audience and is accessible to the non-specialist reader.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/books/0387553207/reviews (244 words)

	Bioengineering Demo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		L-Systems which can be thought of as a type of fractal were developed by Aristid Lindenmayer in 1968 in which he proposed a model of development based on rewriting rules or productions.
		This model originally provided a formal description of the development of simple multicellular organisms and was later extended to higher plants.
		Starting with the axiom each iteration applies the rule to the current string generating a new string.
	bioeng.binghamton.edu /kidsexplore/ls.html (91 words)

	what are Lsystems?
		In 1968 Aristid Lindenmayer, a biologist who worked with yeast and filamentous fungi, published a description of L-systems (Lindenmayer systems).
		This was further developed by Prusinkiewicz, Hanan and Lindenmayer in their extensive work with modelling plants and trees.
		The most common interpretation of L-systems is a graphical one using Turtle graphics, where pen movements are represented by symbols such as F (pen down, move forward one step), f (pen up, move forward one step), + (turn left by predefined angle), - (turn right by predefined angle).
	cajid.com /jacques/lsys/what.htm (407 words)

	Reference.com/Web Directory/Top/Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems
		A Sketchbook on L-systems - Modeling and visualization of plants using parametric L systems.
		An Introduction to Lindenmayer Systems - A basic introduction to L-Systems with some colourful examples.
		LGrammar - A graphics tool for Lindenmayer systems in C and Java.
	www.reference.com /Dir/Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems (273 words)

	www.exconnect.com Web Directory Computers > Artificial Life > Lindenmayer Systems
		Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz Co-author of "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants" with Aristid Lindenmayer.
		LGrammar A graphics tool for Lindenmayer systems in C and Java.
		Laurens Lapre's Lsystems and Lparser A good introdution to Lindenmayer systems by the author of LParser.
	www.exconnect.com /Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems/Computers_Artificial_Life_Lindenmayer_Systems.html (211 words)

	Lindenmayer - Ulli's Fractal Home
		Here is an applet to try out Lindenmayer's language.
		In the year 1968 the german biologist Aristid Lindenmayer developed a model, demonstrating plant's growth with the use of some "construction rules".
		The basic principle is simple: Starting with the axiom as the first element, the construction rules form complex expressions which have to be drawn.
	www.fraktalwelt.de /myhome/lmayer2.htm (355 words)

	MessageTalk Directory Computers : Artificial Life : Lindenmayer Systems : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lindenmayer Systems, Fractals, and Plants (Lecture Notes in Biomathematics)
		» LGrammar - A graphics tool for Lindenmayer systems in C and Java.
		The content of this directory is based on the Open Directory and may have been modified.
	www.messagetalk.com /directory/index.php/Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems (338 words)

	3rd Year project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer developed Lindenmayer systems (known as L-systems) in 1968.
		Using this technique the growth of plants can be modelled accurately and with the aid of computers a realistic visualisation of a plant can be achieved.
		This type of system would be an effective tool for researchers to help them to gather data about plants.
	www.res.bbsrc.ac.uk /computing/staff/nishan/3rd_year_project.htm (105 words)

	Lindenmayer Systems : Lindenmayer Systems Graphics tool Software. Biological Modeling Visualization research. L-System. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Laurens Lapre's Lsystems and Lparser - A good introdution to Lindenmayer systems by the author of LParser.
		Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz - Co-author of "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants" with Aristid Lindenmayer.
		A Sketchbook on L-systems - Modeling and visualization of plants using parametric L systems: theoretical foundations, applications, software, examples, and web resources.
	www.daadle.com /www/directory/TOP/Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems (252 words)

	Cynthia Beal: L-systems for George
		I've been reading a wonderfully fascinating book called "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants" by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer.
		Lindenmayer systems - or L-systems for short - were conceived as a mathematical theory of plant development...
		In 1968 a biologist, Aristid Lindenmayer, introduced a new type of string-rewriting mechanism [L-system]...
	www.hermetic.ch /misc/beal1.htm (1283 words)

	Lindenmayer systems
		Lindenmayer systems: impacts on theoretical computer science, computer graphics, and developmental biology
		Lindenmayer systems (G. Rozenberg, A. Salomaa (eds.); ISBN: 0387553207; (New York : acid-free paper); 100% match)
		The algorithmic beauty of plants (Przemyslaw Pruskinkiewicz, Aristid Lindenmayer; with James S. Hanan...
	isbndb.com /d/book/lindenmayer_systems_a01.html (252 words)

	L-systems in PostScript
		L-system is short for Lindenmayer System, after Aristid Lindenmayer who, interestingly enough, was a biologist from Sweden.
		He used these systems to model the growth of plants, and published papers both in biology and computer science journals.
		The reference book seems to be The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants, by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer.
	www.cs.unh.edu /~charpov/Programming/L-systems (951 words)

	FlorinaFabian.com - AD-FEST Web Directory
		A good introdution to Lindenmayer systems by the author of LParser.
		A graphics tool for Lindenmayer systems in C and Java.
		Co-author of "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants" with Aristid Lindenmayer.
	florinafabian.com /cgi-bin/directory/directory.cgi/Computers/Artificial_Life/Lindenmayer_Systems (236 words)

	stud.nb
		The focus of this notebook is on Lindenmayer systems, Fibonacci numbers and fractals, which are used to build model of plants and growths.
		Lindenmayer-systems or L-systems are called after the theoretical biologist Aristid Lindenmayer (1925 - 1989), who studied mathematical models of plant development.
		The emphasis of the study initially was on plant topology, i.e.
	www.icsr.agh.edu.pl /~kzajac/mownit/lsystems (2801 words)

	Lindenmayer - Ulli's Fractal Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aristid Lindenmayer, the biologist, has developped a very simple language with only a few symbols to construct structures of plants, classical and new fractals.
		My program LINDENMAYER 2.1 takes simple L-System terms and the result is a fractal graph like the example below.
		There are more offers in the German version for those, who are able to understand the German language.
	home.wtal.de /schwebin/myhome/lmayer.htm (136 words)

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