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	Aristides Sousa Mendes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aristides Sousa Mendes (1885–1954) was a Portuguese diplomat, who fought against his own government for the safety of European Jews in the years before World War II.
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral e Abranches was born in Cabanas de Viriato, in the district of Viseu, Beira region, Portugal, on July 19, 1885.
		Sousa Mendes studied law at the University of Coimbra and obtained his law degree in 1908.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristides_Sousa_Mendes (447 words)

	Aristides de Sousa Mendes
		Mendes is one of the lesser-known heroes of the Holocaust whose story remains untold.
		Mendes was a devout Catholic, but he came from a Marrano background and was very proud of his Jewish heritage.
		Henri Zvi Deutsch is a member of the Sousa Mendes Society who travelled to Portugal with the group in 1995, survived World War II in Portugal, and was saved by a visa issued by Aristides de Sousa Mendes.
	www.saudades.org /500yrs2.htm (530 words)

	HERO OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE SERIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sousa Mendes was the Portuguese consul in Bordeaux, France, in June 1940, when Paris fell to the advancing Nazi army, and Jewish and other refugees fled southwestward in an effort to escape by crossing into neutral Spain.
		Sousa Mendes died a pauper in 1954, and remained unrecognized in his native land even after the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which brought democracy to Portugal.
		Today, almost twenty years later, Sousa Mendes has been exonerated and honored by the Portuguese government, and his story is viewed as an example of moral courage by Portuguese school children and by their parents.
	www.worldjewishnewsagency.org /hero_of_the_jewish_people__serie.htm (940 words)

	The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous
		Mendes agreed to issue visas to the Rabbi and his family, but could not do so for the other Jews without his government's approval.
		When Mendes arrived at the border town of Hendaye along with some of the Jews to whom he had issued visas, the Spanish officials refused to let them cross the border.
		Mendes said: "I could not have acted otherwise, and I therefore accept all that has befallen me with love." He died in poverty in 1954, leaving a wife and 13 children.
	www.jfr.org /jfr/content?artid=9 (345 words)

	ARISTIDES DE SOUSA MENDES WEALTHY AND WISE FACT FINDER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes permanece ainda cÃ´nsul de BordÃ©us quando tem inÃcio a Segunda_Guerra_Mundial, e as tropas de Adolf_Hitler avanÃ§am rapidamente sobre a FranÃ§a.
		Sousa Mendes impressiona os guardas aduaneiros, que acabariam por deixar passar todos os refugiados, que com os seus vistos puderam continuar viagem atÃ© Portugal.
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes nÃ£o foi o Ãºnico funcionÃ¡rio a quem o seu paÃs nÃ£o perdoou a desobediÃªncia apesar dos seus actos de justiÃ§a e humanidade na Segunda_Guerra_Mundial.
	www.boostmoney.com /Aristides_de_Sousa_Mendes (1104 words)

	The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chronicled in the documentary are American Hiram Bingham, Aristides de Sousa Mendes of Portugal, Charles Lutz of Switzerland, and Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz of Germany.
		Sousa Mendes was the Portuguese consul general in Bordeaux during the fateful month of June 1940, when France fell and refugees desperately sought to escape the advancing Nazi army.
		For his courage, Sousa Mendes, the father of 13, was dismissed by his government, lost all his property, and died in poverty.
	www.jewishjournal.com /archive/11.24.00/art2.11.24.00.html (636 words)

	Discussions - View Single Post - The Nature of Resistance and Rescue (due Thu., Mar. 11)
		Mendes was a Portugese diplomat working in Bordeaux, in France at the beginning of the Nazi invasion of that country in May 1940.
		Mendes often walked around the city at night, and in one such instance met a Rabbi who was stranded, inviting him to the Portugese consulate.
		Mendes in interviews said he was motivated by his religious beliefs to intervene on behalf of the refugees, but truly an act such as this required extraordinary courage and a tremendous, unbreakable will.
	www.learntoquestion.com /class/discussion/showpost.php?p=27152&postcount=5 (466 words)

	Sousa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sousa is a common surname in the Portuguese language, namely in Portugal and Brazil.
		Aristides Sousa Mendes, Portuguese diplomat and Righteous Among the Nations.
		Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Spanish and Portuguese historian and poet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sousa (264 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Aristides Sousa Mendes
		Aristides Sousa Mendes (1885-1954) was a Portuguese diplomat, who fought against his own government for the safety of European Jews in the years before World War II.
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral e Abranches was born in Cabanas de Viriato, district of Viseu, in Beira Alta, Portugal, on July 19, 1885.
		In 1967 he was honored at Israel's Yad Vashem memorial to the Holocaust as one of the "Righteous Among The Nations." In 1987, the Portuguese Republic rehabilited his memory and granted a postumous Order of Liberty medal.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Aristides_Sousa_Mendes (357 words)

	Aristides de Sousa Mendes
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes was born on July 9, 1885, in the village of Cabanas de Viriato in the scenic northern province of Beira Alta, Portugal.
		Sousa Mendes spoke later of those he was not able to prevent from committing suicide in front of him.
		Much of Sousa Mendes' work among the refugees has been lost to history, but ii is known that he began to lead groups to an obscure border post where the guard knew nothing of Teotonio Pereira, and that he did not leave the streets of Hendaye until June 26, when the Germans moved into Bayonne.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Mendes.html (5290 words)

	Jewish Post - News - “The Schindler Syndrome” (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was helped by Diana Andringa who produced a documentary about the life of Mendes “The Proscribed Consul.” Sousa Mendes, at the age of 55, served as the Portuguese Consul in Bordeaux and there he established a non-stop machine of supplying a visa or passport to every refugee that knocked on his door.
		Mendes was pressed to stop his mass production of visas or passports by his government’s special ‘Circular 14’ but he ignored it, saving more Jews.
		Let’s hope that the story of Sousa Mendes will be integrated into the Portuguese educational system so that his own people will be aware of his legacy and not just his family, I mean those who were saved by him and their future generations.
	www.jewishpost.com /jp0706/jpn0706n.htm (893 words)

	Aristides Sousa Mendes: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aristides and his twin brother César Sousa Mendes were born in Cabanas de Viriato, a small village in the district of Viseu (additional info and facts about Viseu).
		They moved to Lisbon (Capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic) and graduated in Law in 1907.
		Both pursued diplomatic careers, which lead Aristides to postings with several Portuguese consular (additional info and facts about consular) delegations all over the world.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/aristides_sousa_mendes.htm (297 words)

	Former consul's portrait unveiled: 8/25/02
		NEW BEDFORD -- Dr. Aristides de Sousa Mendes, who as consul-general of Portugal in Bordeaux, France, issued thousands of visas to refugees fleeing Nazi persecution, was honored last night with the unveiling of his portrait at the New Bedford Free Public Library.
		One of Dr. de Sousa Mendes' sons, John Paul Abranches, a 71-year-old retired architect from Pleasanton, Calif., said the portrait honors his family.
		Schneider said he was present in March 1995 when Dr. de Sousa Mendes was "officially rehabilitated by his own country" in March 1995 at the Cinema Tivoli in Lisbon.
	www.s-t.com /daily/08-02/08-25-02/a07lo032.htm (419 words)

	CUF.org :: Catholics United for the Faith
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes is gaining long overdue recognition in his homeland, across Europe, and in the United Nations community.
		Sousa Mendes was honored on April 3, 2000, the 46th anniversary of his death, when the United Nations in New York opened its "Visas for Life" exhibition saluting all the Righteous Gentiles of World War II-many of them diplomats and consuls like Sousa Mendes-who issued lifesaving documents of transit to refugees in World War II.
		Sousa Mendes also is honored with a tree in the garden and a memorial forest elsewhere in Israel.
	www.cuf.org /Laywitness/Articles/Archive/Sep01/Sep01inbrief.asp (1309 words)

	Shawnee News-Star: Shawnee, Oklahoma's #1 news source! Sculptor Sebastian Mendes to discuss his work at Mabee-Gerrer ...
		Mendes, who is an assistant professor of sculpture at the University of Oklahoma, will discuss his most recent works, "Nostalgia" and "Teletable," which currently are on display at OU's Fred Jones Jr.
		Mendes creates sculptural works that often are made of such constructed and employed objects as sound and television and combined into installation works or "discrete objects," said the MGMA Curator of Education K.C. Ebner.
		The source of Mendes' work centers around "an ambivalent relationship to the history of technology, originating with the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment, and culminating in the current cybernetic revolution," she said.
	www.news-star.com /stories/021300/art_mendes.shtml (347 words)

	Amazon.com: A Good Man in Evil Times: The Heroic Story of Aristides de Sousa Mendes -- The Man Who Saved the Lives of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sousa Mendes set up a virtual assembly line and signed visas for the hordes of refugees who soon swamped his office and residence.
		Mendes was not the only man to assist refugees with visas, but he is part of a small, courageous group that includes Sweden's Raoul Wallenberg and American Varian Fry.
		Sousa Mendes was just such a man. He was a Portuguese Council in southern France at the time of the German invasion.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0786708484?v=glance (996 words)

	jewishsiliconvalley.org \| jewish community news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sousa Mendes was the Portuguese consul in Bordeaux, France, in June 1940, when Paris fell to the advancing Nazi army.
		Against the orders of the Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar, who had directed that no Jews or other “undesirables” be allowed Portuguese visas, Sousa Mendes, with the support and assistance of his wife and children, issued visas “around the clock” to as many refugees as he could, without regard to nationality or religion.
		In thanks to the hard work of Jacovitz and others, Aristides de Sousa Mendes was honored at the Museum of the Jewish Heritage in New York City in April.
	www.jewishsiliconvalley.org /jcn/6_2005/robertjacovitz.html (364 words)

	JTA NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes and his wife Angelina in a 1947 photo.
		Rabbi Haim Kruger, a refugee in France, and Aristides de Sousa Mendes, Portugal’s consul general in Bordeaux, “spoke all through the night about the problems of the war,” Sebastiao de Sousa Mendes, the consul’s son, told JTA recently.
		So Aristides de Sousa Mendes issued visas to endangered Jews against the orders of the Portuguese dictator, Antonio Salazar.
	www.jta.org /page_view_story.asp?intarticleid=14181&intcategoryid=2 (148 words)

	Portugal Em Linha - Articles - Rufina Bernardetti Silva Mausenbaum - ena20.html
		Dr Mendes was determined to do whatever he could, at the expence of his career, his status, because his conscience dictated his decision.
		Dr de Sousa Mendes is one of our lesser- known heroes of the Holocaust whose story has still not fully been told.
		Mr Deutsch, a recipient of a de Sousa visa says that although Aristides de Sousa Mendes was a devout Catholic, he came from a marrano background and was very proud of his Jewish heritage.
	www.portugal-linha.pt /lusods/english/articles/ena20.html (1441 words)

	Observer - Story
		De Sousa Mendes held a diplomatic post as the Portuguese Consul General in Bordeaux, France, in 1940 during the Holocaust.
		De Sousa Mendes is just one of the 20 diplomats from countries around the world who rescued Jews during the Holocaust from 1938 through 1945.
		Portugal, however, repudiated its condemnation of de Sousa Mendes in 1995 and posthumously honored him with a hero's medal.
	www.hartford.edu /NewsEvents/ObserverPast/ObserverSpring01/news/snews6.html (597 words)

	ASM - A Testimonial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But, Sousa Mendes was ostracised and his name and his story was unknown to most of us, a virtual taboo in Portugal until the 1970s.
		Fundação Aristides de Sousa Mendes is based in Cabanas de Viriato has the mission of rebuilding the Sousa Mendes family home to house the Sousa Mendes Museum.
		Fortunately, the Sousa Mendes name was not erased; it is part of the contemporary history curriculum in the schools of Portugal and in many other countries.
	www.soroptimist-israel.org /international/asm_testimonial.htm (1430 words)

	j. - Services honor Portuguese diplomat who saved 30,000 Jews
		Rabbi Haim Kruger, a refugee in France, and Aristides de Sousa Mendes, Portugal’s consul general in Bordeaux, “spoke all through the night about the problems of the war,” Sebastiao de Sousa Mendes, the consul’s son, said recently.
		Though Sousa Mendes was honored as a Righteous Gentile by the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial in 1967, honor within his native Portugal was spurred, oddly enough, by a push from the Bay Area.
		Motivated by a 1986 petition circulated by then-East Bay resident John Paul Abranches, one of Sousa Mendes’ 14 children, the East Bay Jewish community rallied to the cause, bringing the former diplomat’s case to the attention of then-U.S. Rep. Tony Coelho (D-Merced), a Portuguese American.
	www.jewishsf.com /content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/22766/edition_id/456/format/html/displaystory.html (756 words)

	JUF News and Public Affairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In honor of 50 years since his death, Sousa Mendes' legacy is being honored for a week starting Thursday, 64 years to the day since he started his rescue mission on June 17, 1940.
		As part of the events, the 50th Anniversary Sousa Mendes Medal will be given to Father Bernard Jacques Riviere of Bordeaux for preserving Sousa Mendes' memory through his radio program and articles.
		Without Sousa Mendes' visas, which he distributed as the Nazis were advancing on the south of France, thousands of Jews ``wouldn't have made it," said Isaac Bitton, whose aunt Esther managed the Jewish soup kitchen in Portugal that Sousa Mendes frequented in his later years.
	www.juf.org /news_public_affairs/article.asp?key=5183 (580 words)

	Jews Portugal Aristides Mendes
		Aristides de Sousa Mendes was, in 1940, Consul General for Portugal in Bordeaux, France.
		He was a graduate of the University of Coimbra, a wealthy lawyer from an old aristocratic family and he had represented Portugal in diplomatic posts in Brazil, Zanzibar and the United States.
		Thousands of refugees reaching Bordeaux had found the Portuguese Consul General's apartment and had congregated outside, hoping for visas de Sousa Mendes, with great compassion, decided to disobey the Salazar orders and he, with his two sons, wrote by hand some 30,000 visas in order to save as many refugees as possible from the Nazis.
	www.haruth.com /JewsPortugalAristidesMendes.html (325 words)

	France - Heroes of the Holocaust
		Aristides was born on July 9, 1885, in northern Portugal.
		To better understand the moral predicament Sousa Mendes was about to be put in, it is important to understand the political situation in Spain and Portugal.
		Sousa Mendes survived his wife by six years, never giving up hope that his name would be cleared.
	www.catholichomeschooling.com /curr/hhfrance.htm (1972 words)

	Portugal
		Upon his return to Portugal, Mendes was summarily dismissed from the diplomatic services and a disciplinary board also ordered the suspension of all retirement and severance benefits.
		Finally, in March 1988, Aristides de Sousa Mendes was official restored to the diplomatic corps by unanimous vote in the Portuguese National Assembly.
		In 1988, Mendes was awarded the Israeli commemorative citizenship, and in 1998, his name and picture appeared, together with other diplomats recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous, on a special stamp issued by the Israel Philatelic service.
	www1.yadvashem.org /righteous/bycountry/portugal.html (735 words)

	The Michigan Daily Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Carol, a history professor from Arizona, has researched de Sousa Mendes' past from a unique perspective - his parents were saved by a passport issued by de Sousa Mendes.
		When the time came, de Sousa Mendes made the decision to disobey orders and sacrifice his entire political career by saving about 30,000 people, among them approximately 10,000 Jews, Carol said.
		De Sousa Mendes' pension was rescinded, the family estate fell to ruins and the humanitarian lived the rest of his life out in poverty, explained Abranches.
	www.pub.umich.edu /daily/1997/mar/03-31-97/news/news5.html (440 words)

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