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	Aristodemus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Greek mythology, Aristodemus was a son of Aristomaches and brother of Cresphontes and Temenus.
		Aristodemus and his brothers complained to the Oracle that its instructions had proved fatal to those who had followed them (the Oracle had told Hyllas to attack through the narrow passage when the third fruit was ripe).
		Argos fell to Temenus, Lacedaemon to Procles and Eurysthenes, the twin sons of Aristodemus; and Messene to Cresphontes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristodemus (529 words)

	spartan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Their judicial functions had at the time when Herodotus wrote (about 430 B.C.) been restricted to cases dealing with heiresses, adoptions and the public roads: civil cases were decided by the ephors) criminal jurisdiction had passed to the council of elders and the ephors.
		Here also, however, the royal prerogatives were curtailed in course of time: from the period of the Persian wars the king lost the right of declaring war on whom he pleased, he was accompanied to the field by two ephors, and he was supplanted also by the ephors in the control of foreign policy.
		The Spartan was essentially a soldier, trained to obedience and endurance: he became a politician only if chosen as ephor for a single year or elected a life member of the council after his sixtieth year had brought freedom from military service.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Spartan.html (2609 words)

	Sparta article - Sparta Greece Laconia Peloponnesus Eurotas Taygetus Messenia History - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But it is, in fact, due also to the absence of historical literature at Sparta, to the small part played by written laws, which were, according to tradition, expressly prohibited by an ordinance of Lycurgus, and to the secrecy which always characterizes an oligarchical rule.
		Their judicial functions had at the time when Herodotus wrote (about 430 BCE) been restricted to cases dealing with heiresses, adoptions and the public roads: civil cases were decided by the ephors) criminal jurisdiction had passed to the council of elders and the ephors.
		From 550 onwards the goals of the Spartan cosmos – inner consistency, a compact unit and military efficiency – seem to be achieved.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Sparta (2691 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 304 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As, however, the oracle had added, that if, for some reason, the maiden chosen by lot could not be sacrificed, another might be chosen in her stead, Aristodemus, a gallant warrior, who likewise belonged to the house of the Aepytids, came forward and offered to sacrifice his own daughter for the deliverance of his country.
		Aristodemus, enraged at this assertion, murdered his daughter and opened her body to refute the calumny.
		But king Euphaes persuaded the Messenians, who, in their indignation, wanted to kill the lover, who had been the cause of the death of Aristodemus' daughter, that the command of the oracle was fulfilled, and as he was supported by the Aepytids, the people accepted his counsel.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0313.html (1081 words)

	Articles - Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spartan attempts to take over the Athenian role of 'guardian of Hellenism' ended in failure, and the first ever defeat of a Spartan hoplite army at full strength at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC.
		Spartans, also known as homoioi ("similars"), were absolutely debarred by law from trade or manufacture, which consequently rested in the hands of the periokoi, and were forbidden (in theory) to possess either gold or silver.
		The Spartans apparently believed that encouraging the older, accomplished men of the city to have relations with the younger men was conducive to the education of the young men.
	www.couponsa.com /articles/Sparta (2756 words)

	A Smaller History of Greece - Chapter IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Spartan women in their earlier years were subjected to a course of training almost as rigorous as that of the men, and contended with each other in running, wrestling and boxing.
		As the Spartans were not permitted to engage in commerce, and all luxury and display in dress, furniture, and food was forbidden, they had very little occasion for a circulating medium, and iron money was found sufficient for their few wants.
		Aristodemus, who is the Messenian hero of the first war, slew his own daughter, which so disheartened the Spartans, that they abstained from attacking the Messenians for some years.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/ASmallerHistoryofGreece/chap4.html (3976 words)

	SPARTA - LoveToKnow Article on SPARTA
		Her ideal was a narrow and unworthy one, and was pursued with a calculating selfishness and a total disregard for the rights of others, which robbed it of the moral worth it might otherwise have possessed.
		Nevertheless, it is not probable that without the training introduced by Lycurgus the Spartans would have been successful in securing their supremacy in Laconia, much less in the Peloponnese, for they formed a small immigrant band face to face with a large and powerful Achaean and autochthonous population.
		The lack of funds which would have proved fatal to Spartan naval warfare was remedied by the intervention of Persia, which supplied large subsidies, and Spartan good fortune culminated in the possession at this time of an admiral of boundless vigour and considerable military ability, Lysander, to whom much of Spartas success is attributable.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SP/SPARTA.htm (6075 words)

	Aristodemus (Spartan) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Along with a comrade, Eurytus, Aristodemus was stricken with an eye infection.
		Because, however, Eurytus had turned back and died, Aristodemus was regarded as a coward and subjected to humiliation and disgrace at the hands of his compatriots.
		At the Battle of Plataea, Aristodemus fought with such fury that the Spartans regarded him as having redeemed himself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristodemus_(Spartan) (251 words)

	History of Sparta - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Under Alcamenes and Theopompus a war broke out between the Spartans and the Messenians, their neighbors on the west, which, after a struggle lasting for twenty years, ended in the subjection of the Messenians, who were forced to pay half the produce of the soil as tribute to their Spartan overlords.
		Yet, in spite of the heroic defence of Thermopylae by the Spartan king Leonidas, the glory of the decisive victory at Salamis fell in great measure to the Athenians, and their patriotism, self-sacrifice and energy contrasted strongly with the hesitation of the Spartans and the selfish policy which they advocated of defending the Peloponnese only.
		She did not, however, prosecute the war with any marked vigour: her operations were almost confined to an annual inroad into Attica, and when in 425 BC a body of Spartiates was captured by the Athenians at Pylos she was ready, and even anxious, to terminate the war on any reasonable conditions.
	www.iridis.com /History_of_Sparta (3044 words)

	Spartan Article, Spartan Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This dual kingship, a phenomenon unique in history, was explained in Sparta by the tradition that on Aristodemus 's death he had been succeeded by his twin sons, and that this joint rulehad been perpetuated.
		The Spartan wasessentially a soldier, trained to obedience and endurance: he became a politician only if chosen as ephor for a single year orelected a life member of the council after his sixtieth year had brought freedom from military service.
		Thus was secured, as far as could be, the maintenance of a high standard of physical efficiency, and thus from the earliestdays of the Spartan the absolute claim of the state to his life and service was indicated and enforced.
	www.anoca.org /sparta/th/spartan.html (2737 words)

	Spartan Women in Herodotos
		Of course, the most famous Spartan women in Herodotos is Helen, but often she is found in the mythological stories and is not indicative of the treatment of women.
		Herodotos also alludes to the fact that Gorgo was a fixture in the Spartan court: ‘Cleomenes told him to say what he wished and not to mind the child.’ Kleomenes is said to have heeded the advice of his daughter and did not continue the conversation with Aristagoras.
		Some Spartan women are found in unflattering situations in the work of Herodotos and they breach the rules of their city-state.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/7849/herodotos.html (1588 words)

	Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spartan attempts to take over from Athenens as 'the guardians of Hellenism' ended failure and the first ever defeat of (full strength) Spartan hoplite army at the of Leuctra in 371 B.C. By the of Alexander of Macedon Sparta was a of its former self and was eventually into the Achaean League.
		This dual kingship a phenomenon unique in was explained in Sparta by the tradition on Aristodemus 's death he had been succeeded by twin sons and that this joint rule been perpetuated.
		The Spartan essentially a soldier trained to obedience and he became a politician only if chosen ephor for a single year or elected life member of the council after his year had brought freedom from military service.
	www.freeglossary.com /Sparta (2834 words)

	Sparta Pages:
		According to the Spartans, the institution dated from the twin sons of Aristodemus, the great-great-grandson of Heracles (Hercules), the son of Zeus.
		The Spartans traced their arrival in the Peloponnesus to the mythic return of Heracles' descendants.
		John Lazenby (The Spartan Army), for example, believes that many of the early Eurypontid kings are spurious; he claims that the names are too serendipitous (Sous = "Savior"; Prytanis = "President"; Eunomus = "good government") to reflect real people.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~sparta/topics/articles/academic/kings.htm (887 words)

	Ancient Sparta
		Shortly after birth the child was brought before the elders of the tribe, who decided whether it was to be reared: if defective or weakly, it was dropped off a cliff called the Apothetae, or Place of Rejection.
		From the twentieth year began the Spartan's liability to military service and his membership of one of the dining messes or clubs, composed of about fifteen members each, to one of which every citizen must belong and contribute, and where all meals must be taken.
		Besides the actual buildings discovered, a number of points were fixed with great facility, the study of Spartan topography, based upon the description Pausanias left us.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Cities/AncientSparta.html (2548 words)

	Battle of Nemea (394 BC)
		After defeating Athens and stripping it of its empire, the Spartans proved to be particularly inept at holding together their victorious alliance or conciliating Athens former allies.
		Aristodemus concentrated his forces at Sicyon while the Corinthians and their allies (including contingents from the Thebans, Athenians, and Argives) occupied the athletic and religious complex at Nemea.
		The Spartans were on the right of their battle line facing the Athenians and the Boeotians were on the extreme right of their own battle line facing Sparta's allies.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/nemea.html (1335 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta
		The Spartan was essentially a soldier, trained to obedience and endurance: he became a politician only if chosen as ephor for a single year or elected a life member of the council after his sixtieth year,had brought freedom from military service.
		From the twentieth year began the Spartan's liability to military serviee and his membership of one of the dining messes or clubs, composed of about fifteen members each, to one of which every citizen must belong.
		She did not, however, prosecute the war with any marked vigour: her operations were almost confined to an annual inroad into Attica, and when in 425 a body of Spartiates was captured by the Athenians at Pylos she was ready, and even anAious, to terminate the war on any reasonable conditions.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/eb11-sparta.html (4247 words)

	Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This want of information was attributed bymost of the Greeks to "the stability of the Spartan constitution", which had lasted unchanged from the days of Lycurgus.
		But itis, in fact, due also to the absence of an historical literature at Sparta, to the small part played by written laws, which were,according to tradition, expressly prohibited by an ordinance of Lycurgus, and to the secrecy which always characterizes an oligarchical rule.
		From the twentieth yearbegan the Spartan's liability to military service and his membership of one of the dining messes or clubs, composed of aboutfifteen members each, to one of which every citizen must belong.
	www.therfcc.org /sparta-15712.html (2633 words)

	The Baldwin Project: The Story of the Greeks by H. A. Guerber
		When the Spartans found out that the Messenian fields were more fruitful than their own, they longed to have them, and anxiously watched for some excuse to make war against the Messenians and win their land.
		When Aristodemus saw that the people would all die of hunger unless some way were found to get food, he consulted an oracle, in order to find out what it was best for him to do.
		When Aristodemus heard this answer, he shuddered with fear; for, although he knew that his ancestors had offered up human victims on their altars, he loved his only daughter too well to give her up.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=guerber&book=greeks&story=war (703 words)

	AGIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		AGIS, the name of four Spartan kings:-- (1) Son of Eurysthenes, founder of the royal house of the Agiadae (Pausanias iii.
		He succeeded his father, probably in 427 B.C., and from his first invasion of Attica in 425 down to the close of the Peloponnesian war was the chief leader of the Spartan operations on land.
		Subsequently he invaded and ravaged Elis, forcing the Eleans to acknowledge the freedom of their perioeci and to allow Spartans to take part in the Olympic games and sacrifices.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_AGIS.HTML (899 words)

	Articles - History of Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She did not, however, prosecute the war with any marked vigour: her operations were almost confined to an annual inroad into Attica, and when in 425 BCE a body of Spartiates was captured by the Athenians at Pylos she was ready, and even anxious, to terminate the war on any reasonable conditions.
		The final success of Sparta and the capture of Athens in 405 BCE were brought about partly by the treachery of Alcibiades, who induced the state to send Gylippus to conduct the defence of Syracuse, to fortify Decelea in northern Attica, and to adopt a vigorous policy of aiding Athenian allies to revolt.
		During the absence of Alexander the Great in the East Agis III revolted, but the rising was crushed by Antipater, and a similar attempt to throw off the Macedonian yoke made by Archidamus IV in the troubled period which succeeded Alexander's death was frustrated by Demetrius Poliorcetes in 294 BCE.
	www.xgrey.com /articles/History_of_Sparta (3112 words)

	Spartan by Valerio Massimo Manfredi, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0743475429
		This is the saga of a Spartan family, unraveled by a harsh custom of their people that causes them to abandon one of their own.
		It is then that he learns of the legend of Aristodemus, the last King of the Helots, whose armor, it is prophesied, will be worn again by the liberator of his vanquished race.
		When the brothers meet for the first time since their separation, it is over crossed swords as Talos defends the woman he loves from the brutality of Brithos.
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0743475429.html (419 words)

	SPARTAN by Valerio Massimo Manfredi for sale - TradeMe.co.nz - New Zealand
		In ancient Greece, two sons are born to a noble Spartan family.
		Cruel Spartan law decrees that the crippled baby must be killed and his father reluctantly abandons him to the wolves of Mount Taygerus.
		His adoptive grandfather schools him in the history of the Helot people and instils in him the heroic legend of Aristodemus, last King of the Helots, whose armour, it is prophesied, will be worn again by the liberator of his people.
	trademe.co.nz /Books/Fiction-literature/.../auction-31794371.htm (298 words)

	PAUSANIAS, on Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Lacedaemon, as the sons of Aristodemus were twins, there arose two royal houses; for they say that the Pythian Priestess approved.
		But the more correct account is that Aristodemus was murdered by the sons of Pylades and Electra, who were cousins of Tisamenus, son of Orestes.
		(7) The names given to the sons of Aristodemus were Procles and Eurysthenes, and although they were twins they were bitter enemies.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/pausan.html (272 words)

	Science Fair Projects - History of Sparta
		In fact, Slavic tribes were found in the Peloponnese until well into Ottoman times.
		It has been theorized that speakers of the now-moribund Doric derived language of Tsakonian are the descendants of Spartan refugees of the barbarian invasions.
		This passed shortly afterwards into the hands of the Byzantines, who retained it until the Turks under Mahommed II captured it in 1460.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/History_of_Sparta (3306 words)

	Messinia Details, Meaning Messinia Article and Explanation Guide
		War broke out—in consequence, it was said, of the murder of the Spartan king Teleclus by the Messenians - which, in spite of the heroism of King Euphaes and his successor Aristodemus ended in the subjection of Messenia to Sparta (c.
		After the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), Epaminondas invited the exiled Messenians scattered in Italy, Sicily, Africa and elsewhere to return to their country: the city of Messene was founded in 369 BC to be the capital of the country and, like Megalopolis in Arcadia, a powerful check on Sparta.
		Philip V sent Demetrius of Pharos to seize Messene, but the attempt failed and cost the life of Demetrius: soon afterwards the Spartan tyrant Nabis succeeded in taking the city, but was forced to retire by the timely arrival of Philopoemen and the Megalopolitans.
	www.e-paranoids.com /m/me/messinia.html (865 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Leonidas, Spartan, makes sacrifice of 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae so main force can escape, Xerxes son of Darius is leading the Persians
		Callicratides, Spartan naval leader, loses Battle of Arginusae over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon
		Lysander captures Athenian fleet, Spartan king Pausanius lays siege to Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens
	70.84.119.226 /~puresear/PSWiki/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Ancient_Greece (1136 words)

	List of ancient Greeks - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Aristodemus - three; Spartan hero, Roman hero, historian
		Clearchus - two; Spartan general, Middle Comedy poet
		Lycophron - three; poet, son of Periander, Spartan general
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /l/li/list_of_ancient_greeks.html (1027 words)

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