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	Aristolochiaceae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales.
		The Aristolochiaceae are basal dicots (paleodicots), most closely related orders Magnoliales, Laurales, Canellales, and Piperales, which form a monophyletic clade called the Magnoliids.
		Some newer classification schemes, such as the Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, place the family Aristolochiacea in the order Piperales, but it is still quite common, though superseded, for the Aristolochiaceae to be assigned their own order (Aristolochiales).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristolochiaceae (209 words)

	Neinhuis 1, Christoph, Khidir, W. Hilu 2, and Thomas Borsch 1. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)*
		Aristolochiaceae comprises some 600 species occurring worldwide with concentration in tropical and subtropical regions.
		The family belongs to a basal angiosperms clade concisting of Piperaceae, Saururaceae, and Lactoridaceae; the latter is either nested in or sister to Aristolochiaceae.
		Although Aristolochiaceae is generally split into subfamilies Asaroideae and Aristolochioideae, strong disagreement exists in systematic relationships at the generic level.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section13/abstracts/147.shtml (233 words)

	Aristolochiaceae -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthworth family, are a family of (Plants having seeds in a closed ovary) flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales.
		Some newer classification schemes, such as the Update of the (Click link for more info and facts about Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, place the family Aristolochiacea in the order (Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae) Piperales, but it is still quite common, though superseded, for the Aristolochiaceae to be assigned their own order (Aristolochiales).
		The membranous, cordate simple (The period of time during which you are absent from work or duty) leaves are spread out, growing alternately along the stem on leaf stalks.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/aristolochiaceae.htm (227 words)

	Piperales
		Endress (1994c) suggested that the androecium in Lactoris was adnate to the gynoecium, as in Aristolochiaceae, but at most it is adnate to the stipe of the gynoecium.
		Aristolochiaceae are more or less herbaceous plants (they are quite often vines) that may be recognised by their adaxial prophylls, exstipulate leaves with palmate venation and entire margins, and 3-merous flowers with extrorse stamens.
		Aristolochia is eaten by caterpillars of the magnificent birdwing butterflies, and the association between caterpillars of the Papilionidae-Troidini and Aristolochiaceae (they are apparently absent from Saruma, although larvae of Luehdorfia [Zerynthiini] have been reported from this plant) has been studied in some detail (Weintraub 1995).
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/piperalesweb2.htm (1877 words)

	NYBG.org: Lawrence M. Kelly Profile
		My research focuses on the evolution and classification of flowering plants, primarily in three different groups: the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), the sweetleaf family (Symplocaceae), and certain members of the kiwi family (Saurauia, Actinidiaceae).
		I have integrated molecular and morphological data to address relationships in these groups, and used the results to focus on biogeographic and evolutionary questions in the family.
		Kelly, L. A cladistic analysis of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) and implications for the evolution of herkogamy.
	sciweb.nybg.org /science2/Profile_57.asp (273 words)

	Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society: Epicotyl dormancy in the mesic woodland herb Hexastylis heterophylla ...
		Epicotyl dormancy in the mesic woodland herb Hexastylis heterophylla (Aristolochiaceae).
		This is the first report in the literature on seed dormancy in Hexastylis and only the third one for Aristolochiaceae.
		Aristolochiaceae is a predominantly tropical and subtropical family of six (Gonzalez 1999) to twelve (Mabberley 1997) genera and about 475 species (Mabberley 1997).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4017/is_200301/ai_n9180483 (1339 words)

	Digital Flora of Texas Vascular Plant Image Library query results: aristolochiaceae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aristolochiaceae: Aristolochia clematitis from Carl Lindman's Bilder ur Nordens Flora
		Aristolochiaceae: Aristolochia clematitis from Otto Wilhelm Thomé's - Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz (1885 - 1905)
		Aristolochiaceae: Asarum europaeum from Otto Wilhelm Thomé's - Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz (1885 - 1905)
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/cgi/gallery_query?q=aristolochiaceae (1099 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aristolochiaceae: Catalogue of Vascular Plant Species of Eastern Brazil from the New York Botanical Garden
		Aristolochiaceae: Florida taxa from the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
		Aristolochiaceae: Information/Images from the University of Hawaii - Manoa)
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Aristolochiaceae (214 words)

	Sunshine Farm and Gardens: Glick Pick Archives: Saruma henryi
		It's a monotypic genus in the Aristolochiaceae family.
		The Aristolochiaceae family is home to the genus Asarum, the deciduous "Wild Gingers" and Hexastylis, the evergreen "Wild Gingers".
		Other than tissue culture, I don't have much experience in propagation of this species, but from what I understand, it self sows abundantly and is very easy from cuttings.
	www.sunfarm.com /picks/sarumahenryi-051035.phtml (366 words)

	The questionable affinities of Lactoris: evidence from branching pattern, inflorescence morphology, and stipule ...
		Carlquist S. 1993 Wood and bark anatomy of Aristolochiaceae; systematic and habital correlations.
		González F. 1999a A phylogenetic analysis of the Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae).
		González F. 1999b Inflorescence morphology and the systematics of Aristolochiaceae.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/12/2143 (3414 words)

	AllRefer.com - birthwort, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		birthwort[bUrth´wUrt, –wOrt] Pronunciation Key, common name for the Aristolochiaceae, a family of shrubs and woody climbing vines found in the tropics and other warm regions.
		The largest genus, Aristolochia, includes several plants cultivated in the United States as medicinals (e.g., the Virginia snakeroot and the birthwort) or as ornamentals for their curious flowers (e.g., the pelican flower and the Dutchman's-pipe, or pipe vine).
		The Aristolochiaceae are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Aristolochiales.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/birthwor.html (185 words)

	Brooklyn Botantic Garden: Plant Records
		Huber, H. Aristolochiaceae In: The families and genera of the flowering plants.
		Leins, P.; Erbar, C. Contribution to floral development in Aristolochiaceae, a link to the Monocotyledons Bot.
		Pfluge Gregory, M. A phyletic rearrangement in the Aristolochiaceae Amer.
	www.bbg.org /cgi/biblio/refquery.cgi?Aristolochiaceae (354 words)

	Aristolochiaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aristolochiaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
		Gregory, M. A phyletic rearrangement of the Aristolochiaceae.
		Calyx bilaterally symmetric, usually bent or curved; ovary inferior; stems erect, twining, or procumbent.
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10063 (172 words)

	birthwort -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		any plant of the family Aristolochiaceae (order Aristolochiales), which contains five genera of mostly tropical woody vines and a few temperate-zone species.
		The flowers of some species lack petals; those of others are large and foul smelling.
		The leaves and underground stems (rhizomes) of some Asarum species give off a pleasant odour when bruised, and dried rhizomes are sometimes used as a substitute for ginger.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9015393?tocId=9015393 (341 words)

	Schaneberg, Brian T., Wendy L. Applequist, and Ikhlas A. Khan. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)*
		Asarum canadense (wild ginger) is believed to contain aristolochic acids and has been banned from commerce; however, wild ginger has a long history of safe folk use as food and medicine, and numerous books for the public describe it as edible.
		We sampled rhizomes from across its U.S. range, as well as the rhizomes of other North American species of Aristolochiaceae, and surveyed them for the presence of aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) by HPLC.
		Pending better understanding of safe dosage limits and the distribution of chemical races, a conservative approach to food safety suggests that consumption of Asarum canadense should not be encouraged in field guides or botany classes.
	www.botany2002.org /section10/abstracts/7.shtml (318 words)

	Molecular data place Hydnoraceae with Aristolochiaceae -- Nickrent et al. 89 (11): 1809 -- American Journal of Botany
		Aristolochiaceae, even though this classification does not explain
		it is premature to propose a reclassification of Aristolochiaceae
		Kelly L. 1997 A cladistic analysis of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) and implications for the evolution of herkogamy.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/11/1809 (4554 words)

	Quantitative analysis of aristolochic acids, toxic compounds, contained in some medicinal plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The amounts of aristolochic acid I and II in four groups of medicinal plants from the Aristolochiaceae and some related plants were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, for Aristolochia was reported to produce interstitial nephritis caused by aristolochic acids during chronic use for the treatment of rheumatism, diuretic and analgesic.
		They were detected in all the plants that originated from the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) and in some of the plants from the genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae).
		The present results suggest that these medicinal plants should be prohibited to use for remedy due to the harmful effects attributed to aristolochic acids.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=03788741&iss=2&vol=64&pii=S037887419800123 (154 words)

	Endangered Species Spotlight- Hexastylis (Aristolochiaceae) :: South Carolina Wildlife Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some biologists think that the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae) represents a separate and divergent branch of the evolutionary tree of flowering plants.
		This family is unusual among dicots in that floral parts are arranged in multiples of sixes.
		The ten species and three varieties of the “heartleaves” or “wild gingers” (no relation to true ginger) are closely related to the genus Heterotropa of Japan and China.
	www.scwf.org /articles/index.php?view=65 (765 words)

	* Birthwort - (Plants): Definition
		(bûrth´wûrt, -wõrt), common name for the Aristolochiaceae, a family of shrubs and woody climbing vines found in the tropics and other warm regions...
		birthwort[bUrth´wUrt, -wOrt] Pronunciation Key, common name for the Aristolochiaceae, a family of shrubs and woody climbing vines found in the tropics and other warm regions...
		Description Growing at ground level in the crotch between 2 leafstalks is a single darkish red-brown to green-brown flower...
	en.mimi.hu /plants/birthwort.html (253 words)

	Plant Families: Araliaceae and Aristolochiaceae - Ginseng and Birthwort
		trifolium), both members of the Ginseng (Araliaceae) Family, and Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense), of the Birthwort (Aristolochiaceae) Family, all seem bashful by virtue of their small blossoms.
		Regardless of how disinteresting, pedestrian even, these three plants appear to be, they all suffer for being useful.
		Wildflowers of North America - Plant Families: Araliaceae and Aristolochiaceae - Ginseng and Birthwort - http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/wildflowers_north_america/88894
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/wildflowers_north_america/88894 (905 words)

	Index of Medieval Medical Images (IMMI) - Vermont MS.2 fol.17 - [Erba astrologia minore. Erba astrologia lungha. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Three plants: Plant, top, "Astrologia minore" (family Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia sp.
		Plant, center, "Astrologia lungha" (family Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia sp., perhaps A. longa, or A. altissima, Birth-wort, no pronounced central stem, four basal branches, green with brown roots.
		Plant, bottom, "Astrologia ritonda" (family Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia sp., perhaps A. rotunda, Apple of Earth, no pronounced central stem, four basal branches, green with red flowers and white roots.
	www.library.ucla.edu /libraries/biomed/his/immi/vermont/vermontms2fol17.html (149 words)

	BioFinder Kategorien Suche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aristolochiaceae < Zweikeimblättrige (Dicotylodones) < Angiosperms < Arten < Botanik < Biologie
		Aristolochiaceae (University of Catania, Italy) Contains a description and photo of Aristolochia
		The Vascular Plant Image Galery (Aristolochiaceae) from the Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Group
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/biofinder/286.html (119 words)

	Plant Profile for Asarum lemmonii (Lemmon's wildginger) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		See county distributions for the following states by clicking on them below or on the map.
		View 3 genera in Aristolochiaceae, 5 species in Asarum
		Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.
	plants.usda.gov /cgi_bin/plant_profile.cgi?symbol=ASLE (194 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online
		aristolochiaceae is one of more than 1,000,000 entries available at Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com.
		For More Information on "aristolochiaceae" go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "aristolochiaceae"
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Aristolochiaceae (55 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Open Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae: Aristolochia
		Top: Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae: Aristolochia
		Aristolochia - E-mail group for growing, propagating, and collecting Aristolochia species.
	dmoz.org /Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Plantae/Magnoliophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aristolochiaceae/Aristolochia (71 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Open Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae
		Top: Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Aristolochiaceae
		Description of Aristolochiaceae - Habit and leaf form; Anatomy; Morphology; Physiology; Biochemistry; Geography.
	dmoz.org /Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Plantae/Magnoliophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aristolochiaceae (64 words)

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