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Topic: Aristolochic acid

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		It is suggested that the toxic effects of AA-I (8-methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro+3,4-d1- 1,3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid) may be related to the presence of both the nitrophenanthrene nucleus of the opium alkaloids and the benzylisoquinoline moiety of papaverine in the AA molecule.
		Aristolochic acid IV [2], the most abundant constituent, has shown a weak direct mutagenic activity in the Ames test: this action seems to be inhibited, at least in part, by metabolic reactions.
		Aristolochic acid forms a 1:1 complex with PLA2, with an association constant K, of 5.4 X 10(3) M-1 and a Gibb's free energy change (delta G0) for the reaction of -5.1 kcal/mole.
	www.swsbm.com /Abstracts/Aristolochia-AB.txt (4812 words)

	Baylor Health Care System: Chinese herb nephropathy
		Aristolochic acid was identified independently by groups from Hong Kong and Belgium from a sample of “pure” Stephenia powder distributed in Belgium (2, 6).
		Schmeiser demonstrated the presence of aristolochic acid DNA adducts in the renal tissues of 6 patients with CHN (8).
		The occurrence of aristolochic acid-induced renal failure in Belgium is a conundrum.
	www.baylorhealth.edu /proceedings/13_4/13_4_meyer.html (2926 words)

	Aristolochic Acid Supplement Alert
		Aristolochic acids are potent carcinogens and nephrotoxins that are present, primarily, in plants of the family Aristolochiaceae.
		In each incident the source of the aristolochic acids was determined to be from an ingredient in the herbal product which is a member of this plant family.
		Aristolochic acid is a potent carcinogen and nephrotoxin.
	www.preventivehealthtoday.com /alerts/fda_a_acid_ltrind.html (1339 words)

	ARISTOLOCHIA SPECIES AND ARISTOLOCHIC ACIDS (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 82, 2002)
		Aristolochic acids, when tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in mice and rats and by intraperitoneal injection in rabbits, induced forestomach carcinomas in mice and rats, and fibrotic changes in the kidney together with a low incidence of kidney tumours in rabbits.
		In experimental animals, high doses of aristolochic acids administered either orally or intravenously caused severe necrosis of the renal tubules, atrophy of the spleen and thymus, and ulceration of the forestomach, followed by hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium.
		Aristolochic acids, when metabolically activated by nitroreduction, are consistently active in genotoxicity tests in vivo and in vitro.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol82/82-01.html (716 words)

	Are Aristolochia Plants Dangerous?
		In essence, it was the development of the urothelial carcinoma in several of the renal failure patients that eventually indicated a contributory role of aristolochic acid in the initial pathology.
		It is possible that prolonged daily administration of herbs containing aristolochic acid is a problem and this may be the key issue, along with the contributions of drug therapies or other factors introduced at the Belgian clinic (and, possibly mimicked in a few other situations).
		All of these are reported to contain aristolochic acid (in the same books that make no mention of toxicity) and the content of this compound appears to always be less than 1% of the dried herbal materials (according to laboratory analysis, reported in books that incorporate such information).
	www.itmonline.org /arts/aristolochia.htm (7418 words)

	Obesity Week -- Your Online ObesityNewsletter
		Aristolochic acid is found in some diet aids and herbal products, most notably those that include the herbs "Aristolochia," "Bragantia" and "Asarum." There are at least 14 known forms of aristolochic acid.
		Aristolochic acids have also been found in some of the more obscure diet supplements, especially Chinese diet herb formulations.
		Heavy doses of aristolochic acid can cause immediate harm, but people taking small amounts may not develop symptoms until serious organ damage occurs, said an FDA official.
	www.obesityweek.org /members/vol1/news/011402.htm (188 words)

	Traditional Chinese Herbs: News: Aristolochic Acid
		Aristolochic acid, a chemical constituent of the aristolochia species and some asarum species of herbs, was the impetus behind the FDA import alert of May 2000.
		The Merck index states that aristolochic acid is insoluble in water, which could explain why there have not been reported cases of toxicity in TCM decoctions or products made from traditional water decoctions.
		As the Belgium slimming regimen used the Guang Fang Ji in raw powdered form, the Aristolochic Acid was present and absorbed by the patients, and may have, along with the prescription drugs, caused kidney failure.
	www.mayway.com /store/herbal_news_acids.jsp (964 words)

	Aristolochic acid: Overview Lawsuit Information - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in Aristolochic ...
		Aristolochic acid is found primarily in the plant Aristolochia, but may also be present in other botanicals.
		Consumption of products containing aristolochic acid has been associated with permanent kidney damage, sometimes resulting in kidney failure that has required kidney dialysis or kidney transplantation.
		If you have been seriously injured by aristolochic acid, it may be important to contact an attorney who can help you protect your legal rights.
	www.injuryboard.com /view.cfm/Topic=918 (688 words)

	Aristolochic Acid Alert - Blue Poppy Press
		Aristolochic acid is found in many (if not all) species of Aristolochia, including Aristolochia manchurensis and Aristolochia fangchi (Guang Fang Ji).
		Aristolochic acid is acute toxic to the kidneys and can cause kidney failure leading to death or requiring dialysis and/or kidney transplant.
		Aristolochic acid is also chronically toxic to the digestive tract and is carcinogenic.
	www.bluepoppy.com /press/download/articles/med_style.cfm (774 words)

	Articles - Aristolochic-Acid Recalls - An FDA Bungle or An Excuse for Contol?
		Aristolochic acid is found in various herbs such as Aristolochia fangchi, Virginia snake root, and Indian birthwort.
		While it is alleged that the kidney failures were caused by an herbal preparation containing aristolochic acid, I am informed that no proof has been shown that the failures actually resulted from aristolochic acid.
		There is even an argument that because the level of aristolochic acid in these suspect herbs is only 1 to 2 parts per million and because it is a substance naturally occurring in the herbs (such as oxalic acid in rhubarb), FDA regulations themselves prohibit the FDA from seeking to ban such herbs.
	www.thenhf.com /articles_02.htm (963 words)

	A 'definitely hazardous' herbal compound - Newsday.com
		Aristolochic acid is available on the Internet in products such as Vaxa's PMS-Ease to help diminish pain, cramping and mood swings, and Shanghai Traditional Chinese Herbs' Cardioflex pills to invigorate the blood, stop pain and prevent acute myocardial infarctions.
		Aristolochic acid is definitely a bad thing," said Dr. Adriane Fugh-Berman of Georgetown University in Washington, an expert on women's health issues and herbs and dietary supplements.
		She added the Chinese medicine mu tong is made from several herbs possessing aristolochic acid used as a diuretic, to stimulate heart contractions, and as an antibiotic.
	www.newsday.com /news/health/ny-dssupp3805506may18,0,5770578.story (674 words)

	Aristolochic Acid in Herbal Products
		Aristolochic acid (AA) is a known nephrotoxin (kidney) and potential carcinogen.
		This extract is filtered, then analyzed for the primary isomer, aristolochic acid I, using HPLC with UV detection.
		Since LC-MS/MS is used in all cases, WCAS uses this technique exclusively for measurement of aristolochic acid.
	www.wcas.com /tech/Aristolochic_Acid.htm (216 words)

	Aristolochic Acid - Neo Concept Aller Relief Supplement Alert
		Aristolochic acid is a potent carcinogen and nephrotoxin found in certain plants and botanicals.
		The use of aristolochic acid containing products has also been linked to the increased risk of kidney cancer in people who have consumed it.
		The recall is a result of the FDA notification that recommended manufacturers test their products that contain herbs that may be contaminated with aristolochic acid.
	www.preventivehealthtoday.com /alerts/fda_bmk.html (293 words)

	Safety Issues Affecting Chinese Herbs: The Case of Asarum
		The main process of removing aristolochic acid is by eliminating potential sources of it (alternatively, every batch of material that is of concern can be tested for the compound).
		Fortunately, aristolochic acid has not yet been found in any other plant families, and there are few other natural compounds that have a similar structure.
		There is little or no aristolochic acid in the herb materials that are in common use, and the carcinogenicity of the essential oil ingredients may be limited to animals exposed to large doses.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/asarum.htm (6865 words)

	Aristolochic acid definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Aristolochic acid: A chemical found in nature in the plant Aristolochia fangchi.
		Aristolochic acid is contained in a number of botanical products sold as "traditional medicines" or as dietary supplements or weight-loss remedies.
		In sum, aristolochic acid is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic; it is toxic to the kidney and causes cancer.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24794 (156 words)

	10.16.2003 - Dangerous herbal readily available through Web despite FDA import ban
		aristolochic acid is among the most potent two percent of the carcinogens in our Carcinogenic Potency Database." The database, which analyzes long-term cancer studies performed in animals, shows that aristolochic acid causes cancer in rats and mice.
		Aristolochic acid also damages rabbit kidneys in the same way that aristolochic acid-containing supplements damage human kidneys.
		In Australia, products known to contain aristolochic acid were canceled, "and all manufacturers are required to ensure that herbs which are likely to be used interchangeably with Aristolochia are free from AA (aristolochic acid)," she wrote.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2003/10/16_herbal.shtml (711 words)

	Electrophysiological Evidence for Two Transduction Pathways Within a Bitter-Sensitive Taste Receptor -- Glendinning and ...
		and caffeine or aristolochic acid and salicin; and the responsiveness
		Sensory responses of deterrent TRC to binary mixtures of caffeine and aristolochic acid or caffeine and salicin.
		acid was 0.87 ± 0.08, and for binary mixtures of caffeine and
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/2/734 (6719 words)

	Popular Diet Herbs Linked to Cancer
		The reason is that Aristolochia botanicals contain aristolochic acid, a chemical that causes kidney damage and even kidney failure, according to reports in the medical literature.
		During the early 90s, more than 100 Belgian patients were prescribed a Chinese diet pill that contained, among other substances, aristolochic acid, which was mistakenly used in place of another substance that has a similar Chinese name, according to the FDA letter.
		A scientist specializing in plant-derived medications agrees that botanicals containing aristolochic acid are toxic in high doses.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/25/1728_58118.htm (549 words)

	CIN'2003. Cosyns. Aristolochic acid (formerly Chinese herbs) nephropathy
		Hypocellular renal interstitial fibrosis decreasing from the outer to the inner cortex from a patient with end-stage renal failure due to aristolochic acid (formerly Chinese herbs) nephropathy.
		Aristolochic acid impedes endocytosis and induces DNA adducts in proximal tubule cells.
		Aristolochic acid activates ras genes in rat tumors at deoxyadenosine residues.
	www.uninet.edu /cin2003/conf/cosyns/cosyns.html (1999 words)

	JN 2006; Vol.19 n.1: 111-114 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Xi Xin containing aristolochic acid should be forbidden for use in remedies in order to prevent the harmful effects of aristolochic acid.
		Aristolochic acid, causing DNA adducts in exposed patients, has been implicated in the genesis of CHN.
		Similar pathologic patterns were reproduced via long-term intraperitoneal injections of aristolochic acid alone in rabbit and subcutaneous injections of aristolochic acid in salt-depleted rats (3, 4).
	www.sin-italy.org /jnonline/Vol19n1/111.html (1645 words)

	Aristolochic acid nephropathy complicating a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -- Lo et al. 19 (7): 1913 ...
		Aristolochic acid nephropathy complicating a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -- Lo et al.
		Aristolochic acid is a known carcinogen causing cancer of uroepithelial
		Aristolochic acids induce chronic renal failure with interstitial fibrosis in salt depleted rats.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/7/1913 (1474 words)

	FDA: Chinese Herb Causes Kidney Failure, Cancer
		The trouble for aristolochic acid started after at least 100 individuals -- all clients of one diet clinic in Belgium -- developed end-stage kidney failure; additionally, a number of them were found to have some kind of kidney or bladder cancer.
		Aristolochic acid is known to damage the kidneys and cause cancer, Gail Engels tells WebMD.
		While the number of problems related to aristolochic acid has been on the rise throughout the 1990s, Kessler wrote, the FDA had -- up to that point -- failed to respond.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/31/1728_77492.htm (795 words)

	Food and Nutrition: Choices for Health > A Guide to Dietary Supplements > Aristolochic Acid
		Typically, aristolochic acid has been found in weight loss supplements but are also found in some supplements that help with intestinal problems, cough, and immune dysfunction.
		In 1982, a study was conducted looking at the effects of aristolochic acid on rats.
		In fact, aristolochic acid is listed among the top 2% of chemicals that cause cancer in the Carcinogenic Potency Database (1).
	www.extension.iastate.edu /nutrition/supplements/aristolochic_acid.php (462 words)

	Contribution of Different Taste Cells and Signaling Pathways to the Discrimination of "Bitter" Taste Stimuli by an ...
		It is revealed in B (and shown in the traces in A) that caffeine and salicin elicit a relatively tonic pattern of spiking, whereas aristolochic acid elicits an accelerating pattern of spiking.
		Note that aristolochic acid elicits a maximal firing rate in the lateral styloconic sensillum that is twice that elicited by caffeine and salicin; no such difference is apparent in the epipharyngeal sensillum.
		an aversive response to the caffeine, salicin, and aristolochic
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/16/7281 (5114 words)

	Health News: Lifeclinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Aristolochic acid "shouldn't be there, but it is," says Lois Swirsky Gold, director of the Carcinogenic Potency Project at the University of California, Berkeley, who conducted the investigation with a colleague, Thomas Slone.
		Three main ingredients, "Aristolochia," "Bragantia" and "Asarum" may be contaminated with aristolochic acid, according to the agency.
		Aristolochic acid might also appear in Dutchman's pipe, birthwort and wild ginger.
	www.lifeclinic.com /healthnews/article_view.asp?story=515540 (606 words)

	Contrasting effects of cPLA2 on epithelial Na+ transport -- Worrell et al. 281 (1): C147 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
		Relative transepithelial current with addition of aristolochic acid to the apical side (time 0) followed by washout (Wash) of aristolochic acid (arrow, at 3 min) is shown.
		The inclusion of aristolochic acid in the basolateral
		Involvement of arachidonic acid in the chloride secretory response of intestinal epithelial cells.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/1/C147 (6045 words)

	Acupuncture.Com - Herbal Remedies - Aristolochic Acid
		In the case of aristolochic acid, the mild action taken by the US FDA was the longest in coming, and least restrictive, action of any major government that regulates such things.
		Those companies whose products were found to contain aristolochic acid now have the chance to correct their mistake and begin using the correct herbs for Fang Ji and Mu Tong.
		To ignore this and argue that aristolochic acid is harmless is not an approach that considers the safety of the public and, in the long run, is thus bad for business.
	www.acupuncture.com /herbs/aristkpc.htm (1430 words)

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