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Armalite and the ballot box

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	Armalite and ballot box strategy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The armalite and the ballot box strategy was pursued by the Irish Republican movement in the 1980s and early 1990s, viz.
		a strategy where elections in Northern Ireland and the Republic were contested by Sinn Féin, while the IRA continued to pursue a paramilitary struggle against the British army, the Royal Ulster Constabulary, and loyalist paramilitary groups.
		The strategy is similar to that adopted by the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Ulster Unionist Party in the decade before the creation of Northern Ireland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armalite_and_the_ballot_box (522 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Armalite and ballot box strategy
		The armalite and the ballot box strategy was pursued by the
		Armalite and ballot box strategy The armalite and the ballot box strategy was pursued by the Irish Republican movement i...
		Ballot box A ballot box is a temporarily sealed container, usually cuboid, with a narrow slot in the top sufficient to a...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Armalite-and-ballot-box-strategy (1592 words)

	Alex Maskey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1983, as part of the armalite and ballot box strategy.
		Maskey stood for and won a by-election for a seat on Belfast City Council from the Upper Falls area and became the first member of Sinn Féin to be elected to Belfast City Council and only the second to be elected in Northern Ireland.
		Maskey's growing political profile led him to contest the Belfast South constituency in the 2001 general election as part of Sinn Féin's strategy of building up their vote in one of their weaker constituencies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alex_Maskey (526 words)

	Armalite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ArmaLite's first success came shortly after it was founded with the introduction of the AR-5, a survival rifle chambered for the.22 Hornet cartridge.
		The AR-5 (AR stands for ArmaLite) was adopted by the U.S. Air Force as the MA-1 Survival Rifle.
		ArmaLite has changed hands a number of times throughout its history and most recently was reorganized in 1995.
	www.wikiverse.org /armalite (501 words)

	ballot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ballot Funding.org Researches and discloses the top funders of ballot campaigns in states and monitors and analyzes state ballot measure campaign contribution disclosure laws to identify model disclosure practices.
		Ballot - A ballot is a device used to record choices made by voters.
		Armalite and the ballot box - Armalite and the ballot box refers to a strategy of using violence or the threat of violence in order to influence voting.
	www.serebella.com /search/topic-ballot.html (638 words)

	Waging Peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Never mind the supposed triumph of ballot box over Armalite, Unionism has "dug in" and all democrats and right thinking people should support them "to prevent" according to former Thatcher adviser Simon Heffer, "criminals and murderers having a share in a constitutional process that they could never obtain other than by force." (Daily Mail 3.
		A strategy dashed with the election of Bobby Sands in 1981, and the 'Armalite and ballot box ' strategy adopted thereafter.
		A strategy that succeeded in both confusing an already extremely divided and dysfunctional Unionist family unneccesarily, and rebounded as a self fulfiling prophecy.
	www.redaction.org /ireland/waging_peace.html (1299 words)

	Newshound: Links to daily newspaper articles about Northern Ireland
		The 'Armalite and ballot box' strategy was born.
		SDLP leader John Hume was one of the first to spot the inherent contradiction in the strategy, that the ballot box could only thrive at the expense of the Armalite and vice-versa.
		The strategy set in motion pressures that were to chip away at the IRA's armed struggle - especially after abstentionism was dropped in 1986.
	www.nuzhound.com /articles/moloney2000/mal51-28.htm (1475 words)

	History of Northern Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the hunger strike, the republican movement gained its first taste of electoral politics with moderate electoral success on both sides of the border, including the election of Bobby Sands to the House of Commons.
		This convinced republicans to adopt the armalite and ballot box strategy and gradually take a more political approach.
		This change from paramilitary to political means was part of a broader Northern Ireland peace process, which followed the appearance of new leaders in London (John Major) and Dublin (Albert Reynolds).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland (3109 words)

	Red Action Discussion Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hence the intentions of the Provisional movement to replace their armed wing with a more party political orientation (note the quote by Martin McGuiness "I would like to see the day when the IRA are no longer necessary").
		It seems obvious to me that 'the armalite and ballot box' strategy has failed in its intentions, with it to be supplanted almost entirely with a 'ballot box strategy'.
		The divergence of the constitutional path and armed struggle is not therefore my opinion but one the Provisionals freely admit to.
	www.redaction.org /wwwboard/msgs2/2287.HTM (352 words)

	[No title]
		Flawed Strategy It was the Provisionals' cease-fire of 1974-1975 however which was to show up for the first time one of the flaws in a strategy which relied solely on a military campaign - especially one with a purely nationalist base.
		Thus the "armalite and ballot box" tactic was developed and indeed it appeared to meet with considerable success in the 6-County area.
		The strategy being formulated by the leadership - that of developing a 'Pan-Nationalist Alliance', an "...Irish Ireland movement to offset, especially in the 26-Counties, the neo-colonial and anti-national mentality that exists there" (14), meant that direct conflict with the 26- County government had to be avoided.
	www.spunk.org /texts/pubs/rbr/rbr2/sp001128.txt (4970 words)

	Sinn Féin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the presidency (from November 1983) of Gerry Adams, Sinn Féin leaders sought to explore wider political engagement, following what was called the Armalite and the ballot box strategy of political agitation and the use or threat of violence.
		They reassessed their position after it became clear that British intelligence successes, as well as war weariness meant that a decisive military breakthrough was unlikely and that the violent stalemate would continue.
		The new strategy - famously described by Danny Morrison as "the armalite in one hand and the ballot box in the other" - was also, if subtly, eventually ditched as republicans again came to terms with the limits on their political success that continued "armed struggle" imposed.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sinn_Fein (4716 words)

	Weekly Worker 574 - Thursday April 28 2005
		The Provisional movement now saw the ‘Armalite and ballot box’ strategy as outdated and replaced it by a ‘ballot box and solution’ one (a ballot paper in one hand and a solution in the other: see APRN April 2 1992).
		Central to the new strategy was the idea that the pan-nationalist alliance of the Irish government, Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic and Labour Party could pressurise the British government in a diplomatic offensive to ‘persuade’ the unionists that their interest was in a united Ireland.
		Thus it is not the Dublin government and the SDLP that had come to the republican position, but rather the Provisional movement which had moved to the constitutional nationalist position that Irish self-determination would have to be achieved with the consent of the people of the north.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/577/ireland.htm (2524 words)

	Armalite and ballot box strategy: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The armalite and the ballot box strategy was pursued by the Irish Republican movement in the 1980s[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link] and early 1990s[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject], EHandler: no quick summary.
		Armalite, originally the armalite division of the fairchild engine and airplane corporation, is one of the most influential corporations in the history of 20th century...
		The volunteer political party was a political party formed in northern ireland in 1974 by members of the ulster defence association....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /enc3/armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy (1340 words)

	[No title]
		British strategy also demanded the representation of the nationalist community in the north by constitutional nationalist parties like the Social Democratic and Labour Party and, by challenging its electoral monopoly, Sinn Féin was destabilising the government's plans (this is made very clear in 'Revolutionary Politics', APRN, April 25 1985, p2.
		In 1984, Martin McGuinness stressed that it was "the combination of the Armalite and the ballot box" that would achieve victory, but made clear which was the weightier of the two: "The Irish Republican Army offers the only resolution to the present situation.
		Clearly, neither relying on armed struggle as the major strategy nor combining electoral politics and armed struggle (the ballot box and the Armalite) were sufficient for holding off the renewed offensive of the British state and its lackeys in Ireland.
	www.morrigan.net /irsm/plough88.htm (7464 words)

	Carlow Nationalist: Ballot box or Armalite but certainly not both
		The second strategy when an election outcome pisses you off involves something much more serious.
		Danny Morrison’s infamous comment about the ballot box in one hand and the Armalite in the other encapsulates the problem.
		What it comes down to is this --it is either the ballot box or the Armalite.
	www.carlow-nationalist.ie /news/story.asp?j=26971 (647 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 438 - 01 February, 1994 - Private Members' Business. - Broadcasting Authority Legislation: ...
		The concession that their armalite and ballot box strategy can be dealt with as just another political point [214] of view in the broadcast media is not a concession that any liberal democracy can afford to make.
		On the contrary, this State is under a clear constitutional duty, legal and moral, to protect people from the IRA wherever they are on this island and to suppress and to prevent the strategy of the armalite and the ballot box.
		The phrase “the strategy of the armalite and the ballot box” needs some consideration because I believe that neither the armalite nor the ballot box — I use those words advisedly — should be available to anyone who will use both together.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0438/D.0438.199402010109.html (11101 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The reason for armed struggle has gone and their goals can be achieved by political means and the growth of the catholic population.
		They were able to exercise a strangle hold over most nationalist working class areas in the north and through the exercise of social and economic control which they had wrestled from the SDLP/Catholic Church were able to create a middle bureaucracy of supporters who formed the intellectual backbone for their control in the ghettoes.
		The development of their peace strategy was an advance from the Armalite etc strategy.
	www.irelandsown.net /wayforward.html (1882 words)

	Northern Ireland Assembly Official Report - Monday 18 January 1999
		Some fought their way here through the polls while others abused the system by using a ballot box and Armalite strategy, but we are all here because we cannot afford not to be.
		This terrorist strategy is based on a combination of the armalite and the ballot box, set out by Mr Adams in his book, ‘The Politics of Irish Freedom’, in which he elaborated the strategic understanding that
		This armalite-and-ballot-box strategy was given international legitimacy by the Mitchell Report, which proposed taking the gun out of Irish politics by a political settlement that would obviously have to be agreeable to those who were committed to the use of the gun.
	www.niassembly.gov.uk /record/reports/990118.htm (15925 words)

	The Irish Association - Austen Morgan
		This raises the question of what the NIO's strategy is? I don't happen to believe that it is trying to construct a united Ireland, which is why I'm not a stupid unionist.
		The strategy of boxing the republicans in has involved, less the resolute imposition of democratic norms, and more the joining in a general anti-British strategy: thus the sinister way Sinn Féin, as long as it has not gone back to full-scale war, has driven NI policy in Dublin.
		If it has genuinely given up the armalite and ballot box strategy, its 20 representatives are entitled to their say among the 108 MLAs.
	www.irish-association.org /archives/austen_morgan09_00.html (3828 words)

	The IRA's Empty Victory
		The IRA's new "ArmaLite and ballot box" strategy, as it was called, was superficially successful, but it suffered from an inherent long-term contradiction.
		They will welcome his book, not least because it does not challenge their claim that Sands, had he lived, would have supported his mentor, Adams, as he discarded armed struggle.
		Among those against them are Sands's family, many of whom profoundly disagree with the Adams strategy and broke with him years ago.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/27/AR2006022701567_pf.html (840 words)

	CAIN: Issues: Politics: 'Republicanism and the Abstentionist Tradition, 1970-1998' by Dr Brendan Lynn
		This is based around the assertion that for a period in the mid to late 1970s it is argued that it had come close to defeat, largely due to a combination of war weariness as well as government initiatives, ranging from economic and social programmes to a tougher security approach.
		At this gathering a motion was passed which supported a more positive electoral policy that would allow for SF candidates, if elected, to take their seats in local councils in Northern Ireland and for the party to vigorously contest general elections both North and South.
		Of pressing concern for Morrison were the worrying signs that the "armalite and ballot box" strategy was now showing signs of failing.
	cain.ulst.ac.uk /issues/politics/docs/lynn01.htm (5822 words)

	TFF Jonathan Power Columns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is not a simple choice between the ballot or the bullet, for Sinn Fein has long had a dual Armalite and ballot box strategy.
		But the accord has put the ballot box on a higher pedestal than the bullet and reverses a long-standing, almost sacred, position of Sinn Fein/IRA never to enter into membership of a "partitionist" assembly in the north.
		Sinn Fein/IRA, it was always thought, would never give up their goal of a united Ireland, would never participate in northern political institutions that by their existence give further life to the union.
	www.transnational.org /forum/power/1998/pow13-05.html (850 words)

	Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR)
		Today's speech given by IRA/Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams is in essence no different from the previous Armalite and Ballot Box strategy of yesteryear.
		Of course as victims we welcome the aspects of the speech that encourage democratic means but it is to no extent a repudiation of violence, containing text stating that he had defended the right to armed struggle.
		These groups are not peace loving as they try to portray themselves, but they are fanatical killers who see violence as a legitimate option with politics merely a means to reap their unjust rewards.
	www.victims.org.uk /06-04-05a.html (278 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Gerry Adam's dilemma - Thursday \| March 24, 2005
		The movement then adopted a political strategy of attacking British soldiers - and later, British civilians - to try and press their goal of a reunited Ireland.
		In its early days, it stuck to the " armalite and the ballot box " strategy whereby the threat of the IRA would force the political establishment to pay attention to its Sinn Fein wing.
		However, by the 1990s, Sinn Fein was beginning to take on more of its own identity, and had toned down the rhetoric.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20050324/cleisure/cleisure2.html (711 words)

	CAIN: Moloney, Ed. 'Closing Down the Airwaves: the Story of the Broadcasting Ban' in The Media and Northern Ireland ...
		The merits of this were briefly debated in the NI Office; a minority of ministers toyed with the notion that to include Sinn Féin in the political process might with time wean its leaders away from violence.
		The armalite and ballot box' strategy had a number of contradictions, the greatest of which was that Sinn Féin's need to avoid alienating actual and potential voters, particularly in its own areas and in the Republic, put a restraint on the IRA which could produce tensions between the two.
		NI broadcasting journalists were to be exempted from the ballot and the strike action.
	cain.ulster.ac.uk /othelem/media/moloney.htm (15923 words)

	From the Armalite to the ballot box at last: ThePost.ie
		From the Armalite to the ballot box at last
		In October 1993, in the Sinn Fein office on the Falls Road in Belfast, Gerry Adams scrambled on to a desk and -- in front a group of startled journalists -- began reciting a poem by Walt Whitman.
		Support for the Morrison strategy led directly to Gerry Adams's election as MP for West Belfast two years later, in 1983.
	archives.tcm.ie /businesspost/2001/10/28/story348863828.asp (1497 words)

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