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Topic: Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de Richelieu

	ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS DE, CARDINAL RICHELIEU - LoveToKnow Article on ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS DE, CARDINAL RICHELIEU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Armand was the third son and was born in Paris on the 9th of September 1585.
		Richelieu, in spite of the earnest entreaties of the queen-mother, retired once more to his bishopric~ But the king, while approving his conduct, was still suspicious of him, and he wasexiled to Avignon, along with his brother and brother-in-law, on.
		Richelieu had sent to the block the first noble of France, the last of a family illustrious for seven centuries, the feudal head of the nobility of Languedoc; then, unmoved by threats or entreaties, inexorable as fate itself, he cowed all opposition by his relentless vengeance.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RICHELIEU_ARMAND_JEAN_DU_PLESSIS_DE_CARDINAL.htm (3416 words)

	All words on Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu
		He was born in Paris, the son of Louis Antoine du Plessis, duc de Fronsac and grandson of the marshal de Richelieu (1696-1788).
		Though the bulk of his confiscated estates were lost beyond recall, he did not share the resentment of the mass of the returned émigrés, from whom and their intrigues he had held aloof during his exile, and was far from sharing their delusions as to the possibility of undoing the work of the French Revolution.
		After the murder of the duc de Berry and the enforced retirement of Decazes, he again became president of the council (February 21, 1821); but his position was untenable owing to the attacks of the Ultras on the one side and the Liberals on the other, and on December 12 he again resigned.
	www.allwords.org /ar/armand-emmanuel-du-plessis,-duc-de-richelieu.html (1051 words)

	Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (September 25, 1766 - May 17, 1822), French statesman, was born in Paris, the son of Louis Antoine du Plessis, duc de Fronsac and grandson of the marshal de Richelieu.
		Though the bulk of his confiscated estates were lost beyond recall, he did not share the resentment of the mass of the returned émigrés, from whom and their intrigues he had held aloof during his exile, and was far from sharing their delusions as to the possibility of undoing the work of the Revolution.
		Great part of Richelieu's correspondence with Pozzo di Borgo, Capo d'Istria and others, with his journal of his travels in Germany and the Turkish campaign, and a notice by the duchesse de Richelieu, is published by the Imperial Historical Society of Russia, vol.
	www.free-definition.com /Duc-de-Richelieu.html (739 words)

	ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS, DUC DE RICHELIEU - LoveToKnow Article on ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS, DUC DE RICHELIEU
		RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS, DUC DE (1766-1822), French statesman, was born in Paris on the 25th of September 1766, the son of Louis Antoine du Plessis, duc de Fronsac and grandson of the marshal de Richelieu (1696-1788).
		Though the bulk of his confiscated estates were lost beyond recall, he did not share the resentment of the mass of the returned migris, from whom and their intrigues he had held aloof during his exile, and was far from sharing their delusions as to the possibility of undoing the work of the Revolution.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RICHELIEU_ARMAND_EMMANUEL_SOPHIE_SEPTEMANIE_DU_PLESSIS_DUC_DE.htm (798 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Duc_de_Richelieu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Louis FranÃ§ois Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), marshal of France, grandnephew of the cardinal
		Emmanuel-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguilon (1720-1782), statesman, nephew of the marshal
		Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (1766-1822), statesman, grandson of the marshal
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Duc_de_Richelieu (127 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PÃ©rigord (February 2, 1754 - May 17, 1838) was a French diplomat.
		In 1792 he was sent twice, though not officially, to Britain to avert war: Besides an initial declaration of neutrality during the first campaigns of 1792, it ultimately failed.
		After the 9 Thermidor and demise of Robespierre, he mobilized his friends (most notably Desrenaudes and Germaine de StaÃ«l) to lobby in Convention and newly established Directoire for his return.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand (1628 words)

	List of Prime Ministers of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rather, one of the government ministers held the semi-official title of President of the Council of Ministers (Président du Conseil de Ministres), and was unofficially known as the prime minister (premier ministre).
		Louis XIV ruled without a chief minister in the later years of his reign (1683-1715) and the regent Philip II, Duke of Orléans, who was a member of the royal family, directed the government in person in the first years of the minority of Louis XV (1715-18).
		Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon 1771-1774
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France (231 words)

	RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS - Encyclopedia Britannica - RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The original name of the family was Du Plessis, but in the 15th century a 'younger branch obtained by marriage the estate of Richelieu with its strong castle surrounded by the waters of the Mable, and took the name of Du Plessis de Richelieu.
		At the age of nine Armand was sent to Paris to the College of Navarre, where he passed with credit the regular courses in grammar and philosophy, and then entered a " finishing academy " which prepared the sons of nobles for the life of a courtier or a cavalier.
		In this he attracted the favourable attention of Marie de' Medici, the queen-mother, and was chosen at its close to present the address of the clergy embodying its petitions and resolutions.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/RHY_RON/RICHELIEU_ARMAND_JEAN_DU_PLESS.html (3255 words)

	Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duke French nobleman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The son of Louis-Antoine-Armand du Plessis, duc de Fronsac, and grandson of Louis-François-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu and marshal of France, Armand took over his grandfather's duties at court as first gentleman of the bedchamber (1785).
		Succeeding his father as duc de Richelieu (1791), he fought with the royalists under the Prince de Condé (1792) and with the Austrians (1793-94).
		Visiting Russia in 1795, Richelieu was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Cuirassiers of St. George, and later Tsar Alexander I appointed him governor of Odessa (1803) and governor general of New Russia, the area between the Dniester River and the Caucasus (1805).
	www.odessit.com /namegal/english/duke.htm (297 words)

	Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Made chief minister of France by King Louis XVIII after the Hundred Days (1815), he secured the quick payment by France of the indemnity imposed by the second Treaty of Paris (1815) and thus hastened the evacuation of occupation troops.
		In his domestic policy, Richelieu favored leniency toward the ex-revolutionists and Bonapartists, thus displeasing the ultraroyalists headed by the king's brother, the comte d'Artois (later King Charles X).
		Richelieu resigned in 1818, but returned to power in 1820, after the murder of the duc de Berry caused the fall of Élie Decazes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/richela1e1p1.asp (249 words)

	Russian Generals of the Napoleonic Wars: Governor General Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis Richelieu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Duke Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis Richelieu was born on born 25 September 1766 in Paris.
		Richelieu was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Cuirassiers of St. George in 1795, and later Alexander I appointed him governor of Odessa (1803) and governor general of Novorosiisk (1805).
		Richelieu transformed the Black Sea village of Odessa into a modern city, constructed port facilities, and encouraged agriculture and commerce.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/russians/c_richelieu.html (301 words)

	Page44.2.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		At the end of the blvd. was the moument of is the bronze statue of a French nobelman Duc de Richelieu [erected in 1826] to remember it was he designed and created Odessa city while he was Governor-General from 1803 to 1914....
		Duc de Richelieu was christian Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie [sic] du Plessis in the year of his birth 1766.
		He was the son of Louis de Plessis, the duc of de Fraonsac, and, the grandson of the well known marshal of Richelieus.
	www.remmick.org /Remmick.Family.Tree/Page44.2.html (1133 words)

	AllRefer.com - Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de, French History, Biographies
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de[ArmAN´ emAnUel´ dU plesE´ dUk du rEshulyO´] Pronunciation Key, 1766–1822, French statesman.
		Richelieu resigned in 1818, but returned to power in 1820, after the murder of the duc de Berry caused the fall of Elie Decazes.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/RichelAEP.html (325 words)

	Articles - Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de VillÃ¨le (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Under the electoral law of 1817 the AbbÃ© GrÃ©goire, who was popularly supposed to have voted for the death of Louis XVI of France in the Convention, was admitted to the Chamber of Deputies.
		The duc de Richelieu was compelled to admit to the cabinet two of the chiefs of the "ultras", VillÃ¨le and CorbiÃ¨re.
		Although not himself a courtier, he was backed at court by Sosthenes de la Rochefoucauld and Madame du Cayla, and in 1822 Louis XVIII gave him the title of count and made him formally prime minister.
	www.bleema.com /articles/Jean-Baptiste_Guillaume_Joseph,_comte_de_Villele (916 words)

	Louis XVIII of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 17, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of Louis, dauphin de France, and grandson of Louis XV of FranceKing Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska.
		King Louis' chief ministers were at first moderate, including Talleyrand, the Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de RichelieuDuc de Richelieu, and Élie Decazes, and Louis himself followed a cautious, moderate policy, hoping that moderation would insure the continuation of the dynasty.
		However, the assassination of the Charles Ferdinand, duc de BerryDuc de Berry, the ultrareactionary son of Louis's ultrareactionary brother (and heir-presumptive) the Charles X of FranceComte d'Artois, in February 1820, caused Decazes's fall from power and the Triumph of the Ultras.
	www.infothis.com /find/Louis_XVIII_of_France (965 words)

	French Heraldry: Marshalling of Arms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Portrait of the cardinal de Richelieu, by Philippe de Champaigne.
		His great-grandson Crétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-94) was one of the defenders of Louis XVI during his trial at the Convention in 1792.
		The vicomte de Ségur's arms were: écartelé 1 et 4, contr'écartelé de gueules au lion d'or et d'argent plein (Ségur), 2 et 3 d'azur à deux fasces d'or accompagnées de cinq coquilles d'argent 2, 2 et 1, celle en pointe soutenue d'un croissant du même (Aguesseau).
	www.bonus.com /contour/Heraldic_Atlas/http@@/www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frmarshal.htm (1642 words)

	Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duke de -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The son of Louis-Antoine-Armand du Plessis, duc de Fronsac, and grandson of Louis-François-Armand…
		Armand-Jean du Plessis, duke of Richelieu, was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic church.
		Although Emmanuel is primarily a women's college, a few men are admitted at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9063579?tocId=9063579 (842 words)

	AllRefer.com - Louis XVIII, king of France (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		With the assistance of Charles de Talleyrand, he was restored (1814) to the French throne by the allies after their entry into Paris.
		His chief ministers were at first moderates : Armand Emmanuel, duc de Richelieu, and Elie Decazes : but the ultraroyalists, led by Louis's brother, the comte d'Artois (later Charles X), triumphed after the assassination (1820) of the count's son, Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry.
		The new ministry headed by the comte de VillEle was thoroughly reactionary.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Louis18Fr.html (383 words)

	Richelieu
		Visited (1609) by Samuel de Champlain, the French explorer, the river was the route of early explorers.
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de - Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de, 1766–1822, French statesman.
		Beaufort, François de Vendôme, duc de - Beaufort, François de Vendôme, duc de, 1616–69, French courtier and politician;...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0841831.html (191 words)

	Richelieu - Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Cardinal Richelieu was born in September 1585 and died in December 1642.
		As an ardent Roman Catholic, Richelieu detested the Huguenots.
		Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal and Duc de Richelieu (1585 - 1642),
	pagesfind.com /psfd/richelieu.html (451 words)

	Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia ...
		Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de.
		Richelieu sought to make French colonial policy comparable to that of England and the Netherlands, joint victors with France in the long struggle in Europe against Spain.
		One of the masterpieces of French literature, the satirical and somewhat bitter Les Caractères de Théophraste traduits du grec avec les caractères ou les moeurs de ce siècle (Characters, or Manners of the Age, with the Characters of Theophrastus [sic]), was written by Jean de La Bruyère.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9063580?tocId=9063580 (977 words)

	Richelieu, Armand Jean Du Plessis, Duc De - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de (Cardinal Richelieu) (zhäN), 1585-1642, French prelate and statesman, chief minister of King Louis XIII, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
		The death (1621) of Luynes and the reconciliation of Louis XIII and Marie restored Richelieu to favor.
		In foreign affairs, Richelieu reacted against Marie de' Medici's pro-Hapsburg diplomacy in favor of the traditional French anti-Spanish and anti-Austrian policy.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=RichelAJP (547 words)

	Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal and duke de -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all ...
		He became an adviser to Marie de Médicis in 1616 and later councillor to her son, Louis XIII.
		Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal and duke de.
		The 13th-century French poet Jean de Meung is famous for his continuation of the Roman de la rose (Romance of the Rose), an allegorical poem in the courtly love tradition begun by Guillaume de Lorris in about 1230.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9376893 (1003 words)

	All words on Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
		In short, she studied been assigned in a line to which he is not accustomed.
		Face to face with Lord de Winter her plan of conduct was more silent and dignified in his presence; from time to time to provoke him to threats and violence which would produce a would see all; perhaps he would say nothing, but he would see.
		At the moment when he was about to was about to speak; but his lips moved without any sound leaving sent back to his heart the words that were about to escape from English sun which lights but does not warm came through the bars the door as it opened.
	www.allwords.org /ch/charles-maurice-de-talleyrand.html (949 words)

	Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de
		Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de, 1766–1822, French statesman.
		In 1816 Richelieu persuaded the king to dissolve the extreme reactionary chamber of deputies (the so-called
		Richelieu resigned in 1818, but returned to power in 1820, after the murder of the duc de Berry caused the fall of Élie
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0841829.html (185 words)

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