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	Armand Hammer
		Armand Hammer born to Julius Hammer and Rose Lipshitz Hammer, Manhattan.
		Armand Hammer's son, Julian, born in Moscow to Olga Vadina.
		Armand Hammer makes an illegal $54,000 anonymous campaign contribution to Richard M. Nixon's slush fund, money that was used in Watergate.
	www.rotten.com /library/bio/business/armand-hammer (433 words)

	Armand Hammer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hammer was born in Manhattan, New York and attended medical school at Columbia University as a young man; he received his medical license in 1924 and, though he never practiced medicine, he relished being referred to as "Dr. Hammer."
		The discrepancy between Hammer's open sympathy for the Soviet Union and his success as a capitalist, as well as his involvement in international affairs and politics, have made Hammer a subject of suspicion and conspiracy theory for the American right wing; his close relationship with former Democratic Tennessee Senator Albert Gore, Sr.
		Hammer hungered for a Nobel Peace Prize, and was nominated for one in 1988 for his outreach to end the Cold War, but lost to the Dalai Lama.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armand_Hammer (641 words)

	Wikipedia: Armand Hammer
		Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898 - December 10, 1990) was an enigmatic American industrialist and art collector.
		Hammer, whose father founded the American Communist Party, began a successful career in importing and exporting pharmaceuticals to the newly-formed Soviet Union, where he lived during the 1920s.
		The discrepancy between Hammer's open sympathy for the Soviet Union and his success as a capitalist, as well as his involvement in international affairs and politics, have made Hammer a subject of suspicion and conspiracy theory for the American right.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/a/ar/armand_hammer.html (248 words)

	Arm & Hammer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is not true that the brand has its origin in the name of former Occidental Petroleum chairman Armand Hammer; it far predates him, although in the 1980s Hammer acquired a considerable amount of Church and Dwight stock, apparently finding humor in the coincidence.
		Originally a stylized representation of the Greek god of fire and forge, Hephaestos (Roman Vulcan), the muscular male arm with hammer in fist was used prior to the American Civil War as a symbol of the labor movement.
		(As a young man Armand Hammer was himself associated with American leftist parties and the USSR.) The story that he told about being named for a hero in an Alexandre Dumas fils novel was apocryphal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arm_and_Hammer (341 words)

	Directions
		Follow Rt 422 west approximately 18 miles to the Armand Hammer Blvd exit.
		At the top of the ramp turn right onto Armand Hammer Blvd and proceed to the third traffic light, High St. The Pottstown Hospital will be on your right.
		Turn left onto Armand Hammer Blvd and proceed to the third traffic light, High St. The Pottstown Hospital will be on your right.
	www.bassettinc.com /direc.htm (419 words)

	DOSSIER: THE SECRET HISTORY OF ARMAND HAMMER
		Armand Hammer was one of the odder, more odious characters of American business and politics, "famous" chiefly because he was rich enough to promote his mammoth ego.
		The public persona that Hammer polished, at great expense, was that of a renegade oilman who made billions from Libyan oil, chummed around with politicians up to White House level and adorned acres of galleries with paintings, some priceless, others fake.
		Hammer's lawyers bedeviled honest journalists who tried to write otherwise while he was alive, and they mostly succeeded.
	www.theforbiddenknowledge.com /hardtruth/armand_hammer.htm (1158 words)

	Armand Hammer: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Armand Hammer (May 21, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Hammer was CEO of the Occidental Petroleum Company[Click link for more facts about this topic], EHandler: no quick summary.
		Nobel peace prize (where nobel is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable) is one of five nobel prizes requested by the swedish industrialist and...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/armand_hammer.htm (2509 words)

	WorldNetDaily: CIA official: Gore compromised by secret past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1921, Armand drew the attention of J. Edgar Hoover, then a 26-year-old lawyer at the U.S. Department of Justice spearheading the "red round-ups." The future FBI director heard from an informant that Hammer was a courier for the newly organized Communist International, or Comintern.
		Hammer had recently become chairman of Occidental Petroleum, then a financially strapped venture, and he allegedly skimmed millions from his third wife's substantial settlement from her former husband to keep Occidental afloat.
		Hammer's wholesale bribing of Libyan officials in the 1960s to obtain drilling and exportation rights for Occidental was credited by knowledgeable sources as having caused the overthrow of King Idris by Muammar Gaddafi, then only a 27-year-old sub-lieutenant in the Libyan army, in 1969.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=17675 (5265 words)

	The Straight Dope: Did tycoon Armand Hammer have anything to do with Arm & Hammer baking soda?
		The late Armand Hammer, of course, was the well-known head of Occidental Petroleum Corporation, one of the nation's ten largest oil companies.
		Hammer's mother, Mama Rose, described by her son as "a remarkably intuitive individual, a person with an enormous judgment about things," is said to have "had a simple solution for every problem--bicarbonate of soda and a good enema." Given the alternative, I guess Armand should be grateful he was named after the soda.
		Hammer himself maintained that he was named after Armand Duval, the hero of Alexandre Dumas's La Dame au Camelias, one of his father's favorite plays.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a1_198.html (470 words)

	Hammer, Armand - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Hammer, Armand
		Hammer visited the USSR 1921 and acquired the first private concession awarded by the Soviet government, an asbestos mine.
		Having received his medical degree from Columbia University, Hammer wanted to use his skills to aid victims of starvation and typhus in the Ural Mountains.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Hammer,+Armand (255 words)

	Question of the Day
		To conceal his illegal cash contribution from the Watergate investigation, Hammer had coordinated a cover-up involving false witnesses, perjury, back-dated promissory notes and false statements to the FBI by a half-dozen individuals.
		But Hammer's application went through channels to the Department of Justice, where the FBI noted Hammer had been the subject of an inconclusive Corruption of Public Officials investigation in 1979, and attorneys in the criminal prosecution division objected to the President granting Hammer a pardon based on a finding of innocence.
		Hammer of was not innocent: he had voluntarily agreed to admit his guilt to misdemeanors in return for the government dropping the more serious felony charges of obstruction of justice.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /question_hammer.htm (767 words)

	Armand Hammer and Occidental Petroleum - A Corporate Governance Case Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hammer was insulted by LACMA’s failure to accede promptly to his demands and promised that he would house his collection in his own museum.
		However old and sick Hammer was alleged to be, there was no doubt that he was an energetic and highly “hands-on” CEO who ran the company in many ways as though it was his own kingdom.
		Hammer himself was 91 years of age; Nizer was 87; Gore was 82; and Krim 79.
	www.thecorporatelibrary.com /special/case-studies/cs_oxy.html (2231 words)

	Armand Hammer's Orphan Museum Turns Into Cinderella in Los Angeles
		Today the Armand Hammer, on Wilshire Boulevard in the Westwood section of Los Angeles, is considered one of the city's hottest cultural attractions, with a keen eye for emerging artistic talent and a busy schedule of "destination evenings" that routinely draw crowds to the museum for readings, concerts and films.
		A Hammer search committee was impressed by her success in revitalizing another once-sleepy institution, the Drawing Center in Manhattan.
		Or in using the lobby as a gallery space for huge contemporary projects, so that a visitor coming to see the van Goghs and Rembrandts in Armand Hammer's collection, some of which is always on view, encounters the work of at least two young artists who may never have shown in a museum before.
	oldweb.uwp.edu /academic/criminal.justice/hammerarm01.htm (1602 words)

	Communist Ties -- Gore-LIEberman 2000 unofficial campaign web site
		Hammer made his first millions in the 1920s, initially through the operation --with slave labor --of a Soviet asbestos mine, in the shafts of which the bodies of the murdered Imperial family of the Czar had been dumped.
		Armand Hammer, well-known to Nixon's intelligence team as Soviet Communism's "Capitalist Prince," needed credits from the US Export-Import Bank to follow through on a financial windfall he had devised for the Soviets by means of a billion dollar fertilizer deal.
		It was Hammer's money that Nixon had in mind when he informed Haldemen and Erlichman that a million dollars in cash was available to pay for their illegal acts.
	crm114.com /algore/hammer.html (1519 words)

	Armand Hammer, Gibson, Kaufman
		On November 25 1990, Armand Hammer readied himself for the fl-tie dinner celebrating the opening of an institution that he had erected in marble-- the Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center.
		He had assembled that night at the Armand Hammer Museum the leading lights of Los Angeles society.) He now enjoyed the status not just of a captain of industry but of a world celebrity.
		Although Hammer had never had the traditional bar mitvah at the age of 13, and denied his Jewish heritage most of his life, he now wanted at his advance age to undergo this rite of passage.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /archived/hammer.htm (1682 words)

	Arm and Hammer/Armand Hammer/Al ArmAndHammer Gore
		Armand Hammer managed to negotiate a plea-bargain in which he would plead guilty to three counts of making illegal campaign contributions, one secondary gain for him being the prevention of a wider investigation which would have revealed his diversion of millions of dollars of Occidental Petroleum funds that could have led to embezzlement charges.
		Armand in his turn came forward with the dying-man ploy in which he had himself admitted to hospital, and had six medical specialists in the pay of Occidental Petroleum furnish opinions that he was unfit to stand trail.
		Armand Hammer is of interest to anyone who has been following the persecution of John Demjanjuk, both by the American and the Israeli governments, because it was Armand Hammer who brought the Trawniki ID card from Moscow to Jerusalem.
	independence.net /gore (11317 words)

	Aramand Hammer: The One-Man AIPAC - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hammer began his amazing career in the Soviet Union, where he parlayed a meeting with Lenin into a personal fortune, a business empire, and a major role in world affairs.
		Hammer has had the ear of influential figures at home as well: Ever since Herbert Hoover's presidency, Hammer has ingratiated himself with White House occupants, members of congress, and commission chiefs with campaign contributions, personal favors, and gifts.
		The son of Russian-Jewish immigrants (Now we are getting somewhere.), Hammer has lived his life under the cloud of his physician father's Socialist party membership and conviction in 1920 for the death of a patient during an illegal abortion.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=91953 (663 words)

	Hammer, Armand on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center.(Arts)(Gary Garrels appointed as senior curator)(Bri...
		Throughout his life, Hammer was an active promoter of peace and economic ties between the United States and the Communist countries.
		Armand Hammer was the most corrupt tycoon of modern times.
	encyclopedia.infonautics.com /html/H/Hammer-A1.asp (330 words)

	the DRAHEIM REPORT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Armand's father, Russian-born Julius Hammer, was one of the founders of the American Communist Party.
		Armand met Lenin in 1921, negotiating an asbestos concession.
		Armand Hammer was Gore's guest at Kennedy's Presidential inauguration.
	www.lpdallas.org /features/draheim/dr991215.htm (742 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Gore sensitive about Hammer connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A source told Walls that his parents gave him the initial as a middle name because they wanted their friend and benefactor, Armand Hammer, to believe their child was named for him.
		He was the son of Julius Hammer, a founder of the Socialist Labor Party and later the Communist party USA and who served time in Sing Sing for performing illegal abortions.
		Hammer was the guest of honor in the "senators only" section during President Reagan's inauguration.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=14917 (832 words)

	Armand Hammer-an interesting Jewish biography - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hammer first found riches and notoriety as a businessman in the fledgling Soviet Union, where he used his operations to help launder money for the communist government.
		Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898 — December 10, 1990) was an enigmatic American industrialist and art collector.
		The discrepancy between Hammer's open sympathy for the Soviet Union and his success as a capitalist, as well as his involvement in international affairs and politics, have made Hammer a subject of suspicion and conspiracy theory for the American right wing...
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=2475456 (1856 words)

	Appointment of Armand Hammer - October 2, 1981 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The President today announced his intention to appoint Armand Hammer to be a member of the President's Cancer Panel.
		Hammer acquired the Occidental Petroleum Corp. in 1957 and currently serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer.
		He is an art patron and founded the Hammer Galleries, Inc. (New York City), and continues to be a major supporter of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
	www.reagan.utexas.edu /archives/speeches/1981/100281b.htm (200 words)

	Hammer Museum Waives Admission Fees During June, July, August... 6/8/2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hammer Summer 2005 includes exhibitions ranging from video installations by Patty Chang and Fiona Tan and a survey of photography by Stephen Shore to ongoing Hammer Projects and the permanent collection of masters including works by Rembrandt, Van Gogh and Cezanne.
		The Hammer Museum is the only West Coast venue for this four-part series showcasing the innovation and energy in the field of short films from 2005 and past Sundance Film Festivals.
		Hammer Conversations is an ongoing series of provocative dialogues on culture, the sciences and the arts.
	newsroom.ucla.edu /page.asp?RelNum=6218 (1696 words)

	Smoke, Mirrors and Armand Hammer - Al Gore and Links [Free Republic]
		Hammer liked to describe himself as a capitalist who went to Russia in the 1920s for profit, not for politics—but, as Epstein demonstrates, the profits were few and far between.
		When Hammer left the country again in 1929, he had lost not only the perks that had accrued to the Hammers as Lenin's chosen capitalists, but also most of the money his family (his father, mother and brothers, Victor and Harry) had personally invested in the country.
		Hammer could no longer concentrate on the interview, so interested was he in thinking of ways his secretary could get him a copy of the article immediately.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a391d17f80f34.htm (5300 words)

	Page Title
		Although it was no secret in intelligence circles, the first public mention of Armand Hammer’s service as an actual operative of the Soviet Union may have been during the course of a speech given by international journalist Arnaud de Borchgrave in Palm Beach, Fla., in 1980.
		Edward Jay Epstein’s book, Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer, a damning investigative classic based on previously unavailable FBI and KGB files, is the keystone of most reporting and commentary on the real Hammer, consulted by all who delve into Gore-Hammer connections.
		Several other biographers have taken Hammer through the wringer on his service as errand boy for the Soviets, including Carl Blumay and Henry Edwards in Hammer: The Dark Side of Power, Steve Weinberg in Armand Hammer: The Untold Story and Joseph Finder in his book Red Carpet.
	www.schwarzreport.org /SchwarzReport/2000/august00.html#Communist (4983 words)

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