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Topic: Armed conflict

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	War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of lethal violence between combatants or upon civilians.
		For example, the United States Government referred to the Korean War as a "police action", and the British Government was very careful to use the term "armed conflict" instead of "war" during the Falklands War in 1982 to comply with the letter of international law.
		A war where the forces in conflict belong to the same country or empire or other political entity is known as a civil war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War (3412 words)

	Law of Armed Conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) is a subset of international law, based on the Geneva Conventions, governing the conduct of military operations.
		The purpose of LOAC is 1) to limit the effects of conflict, 2) protect non-combatants, 3) safeguard the rights of those injured, captured, shipwrecked, etc., 4) lessen the destructiveness of war, 5) make the behavior of warinng parties more predictable, and 6) make the establishment of peace easier.
		Armed conflict law consists of several principles, namely 1) humanity, 2) military necessity, 3) proportionality, 4) chivalry, 5) distinction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Law_of_Armed_Conflict (151 words)

	Law of Armed Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Law of armed conflict is used in addition to the Uniform Code of Military Justice by the United States of America to enforce certain obligations of conduct and behavior on individual members of its Armed Forces.
		The law of armed conflict does not generally apply to conflicts occurring solely within the territory of a state between persons who are nationals of that state.
		However, insurgents and the state's armed forces in internal disputes are generally coerced by the international community to abide by the law of armed conflict when there is a general civil war involving sustained armed conflict and the insurgents control a significant portion of national territory.
	www.alaska.net /~jcassidy/Int_Law.htm (468 words)

	Women and Armed Conflict
		Some of these situations of armed conflict have their origin in the conquest or colonialization of a country by another State and the perpetuation of that colonization through state and military repression.
		While entire communities suffer the consequences of armed conflict and terrorism, women and girls are particularly affected because of their status in society and their sex.
		This is compounded by the life-long social, economic and psychologically traumatic consequences of armed conflict and foreign occupation and alien domination.
	www.un.org /womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/armed.htm (2719 words)

	Prevention of armed conflict 2001
		An essential aspect of conflict prevention is the strenghtening of the rule of law, and within that the protection of women's human rights achieved through a focus on gender equality in constitutional, legislative, judicial and electoral reform.
		Conflict prevention is at the heart of the mandate of the United Nations.
		Conflict prevention is one of the primary obligations of Member States set forth in the Charter of the United nations, and the United Nations efforts in conflict prevention must be in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter
	www.wilpf.int.ch /publications/2001unprevention.htm (4588 words)

	UNICEF - Child protection - Armed conflict
		An estimated 20 million children have been forced to flee their homes because of conflict and human rights violations and are living as refugees in neighbouring countries or are internally displaced within their own national borders.
		During armed conflict, girls and women are threatened by rape, domestic violence, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual humiliation and mutilation.
		Of the 10 countries with the highest rates of under-five deaths, seven are affected by armed conflict.
	www.unicef.org /protection/index_armedconflict.html (431 words)

	INFOCUS PROGRAMME CRISIS RESPONSE AND RECONSTRUCTION
		Armed conflict's impact on people and also the coping strategies adopted by them in the exigencies of the context tend to differ between men and women.
		A thorough understanding of the origins, nature and impact of conflict is vital for understanding the complex conflict-affected context, how to effectively plan policy and action towards reintegrating the different conflict-affected groups, reconstructing their countries and building long-term peace, and avoiding interventions that could refuel the conflict.
		Unlike earlier conflicts, current conflicts are not conducted in formal battlefields and, therefore, tend to engulf the whole country or community, combatants and civilians alike including women, children and youth.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/employment/recon/crisis/publ/wp2.htm (15831 words)

	Children and Armed Conflict
		In armed conflicts, girls and young women are present in many of today's fighting forces.
		As the Security Council discussed during deliberations last fall on the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it is especially important that humanitarian access by state or non-state actors be allowed consistent with humanitarian law.
		As I noted, explicitly naming governments and armed groups that recruit or use child soldiers in violation of their international obligations can be a powerful tool in our efforts to protect children in armed conflict.
	www.state.gov /p/io/rls/rm/2003/16678.htm (1850 words)

	World War II article - World War II armed conflict history the world alliance British Commonwealth - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		World War II World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing approximately 55.5 million lives.
		The war was fought between two groups of powers: the alliance of the British Commonwealth, United States, Soviet Union, China, and the governments-in-exile of France, Poland, and other occupied European countries—collectively known as the Allies; and the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan and their allies —collectively known as the Axis.
		Capture by the Allies of islands such as Iwo Jima and Okinawa close to Japan brought the homeland within range of naval and air attacks, Tokyo was firebombed and later an atomic bomb, the "Little Boy", was dropped from the B-29 "Enola Gay" and destroyed Hiroshima.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/World_War_II (3876 words)

	Women and Armed Conflict Caucus
		At this time there is an arms race in the Asia Pacific region, with the highest imports of military equipment in the world and the proliferation of nuclear weapons occurring there.
		In Europe, where there was plenty of warning, conflicts were not prevented and the issue of reconciliation continues to be neglected at the risk of a resurgence of violence.
		Ensure an equitable provision of physical safety and security to all refugee and internally displaced women and girls; provide for and increase their access to the gender-sensitive legal, social, psychological and medical services in camps, and ensure their participation in the planning and implementation of programs while they are in the camps.
	www.womenaction.org /csw44/armedcaucus.html (793 words)

	Wars of the World - Armed Conflict Event Data
		This chronological index lists the documented armed conflicts by the year in which the conflict began for all wars and other armed conflicts beginning between 1800 and 1999.
		This study of armed conflict includes wars, civil wars, revolutions and revolts, rebellions, secessions, coups, genocides, ethnic and political violence, and terrorism worldwide.
		Armed Conflict Events Data is accessible to history enthusiasts and students as well as scholars and military professionals.
	www.onwar.com /aced (355 words)

	War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example, the British Government was very careful to use the term "armed conflict" instead of "war" during the (Click link for more info and facts about Falklands War) Falklands War in 1982 to comply with international law.
		Smaller armed conflicts are often called (A public act of violence by an unruly mob) riots, rebellions, (A brilliant and notable success) coups, etc.
		A war where the forces in conflict belong to the same country or empire or other political entity is known as a (A war between factions in the same country) civil war.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/war.htm (3232 words)

	Position Statements 1999 [Armed Conflict: Nurse’s Perspective]
		Women, children and older persons living in conflict zones are especially vulnerable, and require access to appropriate care and counselling to assist them in maintaining or rebuilding sound physical and emotional health.
		ICN condemns the growing number of children serving as soldiers in armed conflict and the deployment of child soldiers regardless of any claims of volunteerism on the part of the children.
		Close to ninety percent of the victims of armed conflicts between and within states are civilians.
	www.icn.ch /psarmed.htm (533 words)

	Armed Conflict Drc World Heritage Sites - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Armed Conflict and Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of the...
		Five national parks adversely affected by the continuing armed conflict in the DRC are...
		Throughout the armed conflict, WCS remained active on the ground and...
	conflict.fmqg.com /index.php?k=armed-conflict-drc-world-heritage-sites (1184 words)

	Non-discrimination and armed conflict
		As a number of recent and ongoing conflicts around the world clearly show, the inequality or exclusion of peoples, groups and individuals is one of the root causes of conflict and, very often, one of its consequences.
		The purpose of international humanitarian law is to protect persons and property that are, or may be, affected by an armed conflict, and to limit the rights of the parties to a conflict to use means and methods of warfare of their choice.
		It is applicable to conflicts occurring within the territory of a State Party between its armed forces and dissident armed forces which, under responsible command, exercise such control over a part of its territory as to enable them to carry out sustained and concerted military operations.
	www.icrc.ch /Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList314/1DEB4DF3B5CD6480C1256B66005FAA42 (3010 words)

	GSReport:Armed Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		According to a report of the National Defense Council Foundation, 1998 saw armed conflicts of various kinds in 60 nations of the world, as compared with only 35 nations engaged in similar conflicts in 1989, before the fall of the Soviet empire.
		Algeria (North Africa) -- Rebels of the Armed Islamic Group were blamed for the massacre of 22 members of a family on January 2, apparently as punishment for the family's cooperation with Algerian security forces.
		Shooting conflicts were underway in several parts of the world in mid-February, 1999, while prolonged efforts to negotiate a peaceful settlement in the Serb province of Kosovo reached a stalemate.
	www.gsreport.com /articles/art000055.html (1481 words)

	War
		War is conflict involving the use of armss and physical force between nations, countries, or other large-scale armed groups.
		Typically, warfare is mortal and lives of combatants are deliberately taken by enemy forces and the continued existence of a losing group as an entity is in doubt.
		Sometimes a distinction is made between a conflict and the formal declaration of a state of war.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wa/war.html (1065 words)

	Uppsala Conflict Data Project
		To develop a general definition of armed conflict and ensure that it is systematically applied to all relevant situations in the world.
		Conflict outcomes are coded into a new dataset with a focus on the role of negotiations and military force.
		The Directory of Conflict Data Projects was created to present a brief overview of the myriad of datasets available to researchers.
	www.pcr.uu.se /research/UCDP/UCDP_toplevel.htm (345 words)

	SCADPlus: Children and armed conflict
		The EU's guidelines on children and armed conflict are intended to highlight this problem and give more prominence to EU actions in this area.
		The EU guidelines indicate that in the last decade armed conflicts are estimated to have claimed the lives of over 2 million children and physically maimed 6 million, orphaned 1 million and created up to 20 million displaced or refugee children.
		The US Security Council organises annual debates on children and armed conflict highlighting the reports listing the conflicts in which children are involved.
	europa.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/r10113.htm (548 words)

	DIAMONDS & ARMED CONFLICT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While diamonds from conflict areas constitute only a small percentage of the overall diamond trade, the implications of this problem for peace and human security in affected areas have been devastating.
		The legislation ensures that rough diamonds imported to and exported from Canada are covered by the KPCS and are conflict free.
		Canada was selected as Chair of the Kimberley Process for one year beginning January 1, 2004 with the Russian Federation as Vice-Chair, when KP participants met in Sun City, South Africa, on October 29 31, 2003, to discuss initial implementation of the scheme and to define the parameters for future efforts.
	www.humansecurity.gc.ca /conflictprev_diamonds-en.asp (1141 words)

	Refugees International: Articles: Colombia Cannot Deny Internal Armed Conflict
		President Uribe denies there is a conflict in Colombia, and instead refers to the perpetuation of violence as "terrorist activities." By characterizing the conflict as a terrorist threat, the government is able to deny civilians protection guaranteed under international humanitarian law.
		If the conflict in Colombia is not properly defined as an internal armed conflict, the civilian population will not have special protection under international law.
		Specifically, the obligation of all the armed actors to distinguish between armed groups and civilians would be at risk as would the obligation to allow for impartial humanitarian aid to reach civilian populations.
	www.refugeesinternational.org /content/article/detail/4962?PHPSESSID=fdd92b8fe9a57a64270fdc293a9c23cd (957 words)

	armed conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The current armed conflict in Cote d’Ivoire started as an army mutiny but after three months, the scope of the conflict has widened and its dimension has deepened.
		What is also worrying about the conflict is the involvement of so many interests from renowned mercenaries from South Africa to lesser-known soldiers of fortune from the region itself.
		For example, between 1962 and 1993 when Boigny died, there were 6 attempted coups, mutiny and a strike by the armed forces; in 1969 the military suppressed the opposition and in 1971, French troops put down a rebellion by Gbagbo’s Bete ethnic group against Houphouet-Boigny’s government.
	www.cdd.org.uk /ivorycoast/armed_conflict.htm (3018 words)

	CSP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Armed Conflict and Intervention (ACI) Project is a joint project of the Center for Systemic Peace (CSP) and the Center for International Development and Conflict Management (CIDCM), University of Maryland, and was designed to collect global information regarding seven inter-related aspects of contemporary, complex, international interventions and external influences.
		The magnitude of impact that an episode of major armed conflict has upon a society is assessed on an ordinal scale of 1 (most limited) to 10 (greatest).
		The list of "Major Episodes of Armed Conflict, 1946-2002" is posted on the CSP website, click here to go there now.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/aci.htm (823 words)

	CRIN: Themes
		Increasingly, children are targets, not incidental casualties, a devastating carnage that reflects a wider trend in recent decades – a rise in the proportion of war victims who are civilians from 5 per cent to over 90 per cent.
		In countless cases, the impact of armed conflict on children’s lives remains invisible.
		The children themselves may be removed from the public, in institutions, on the streets or surviving as victims of prostitution.
	www.crin.org /themes/viewTheme.asp?ID=11&name=Armed+conflict (208 words)

	SSRC :: Children and Armed Conflict Program
		In nearly every war and civil conflict, children are among the principal victims.
		They are among the most bereft when conflict ends, in need of rehabilitation and help.
		In addition, they will produce crucial new knowledge, develop necessary indicators to assess problems of children affected by armed conflict in different settings, and create instruments for more effective assessment of interventions.
	www.ssrc.org /programs/children (580 words)

	MSN Encarta - Iran-Iraq War
		Iran-Iraq War, armed conflict that began when Iraq invaded Iran in September 1980 and ended in August 1988 after both sides accepted a cease-fire sponsored by the United Nations (UN).
		Despite the conflict's length and cost, neither Iran nor Iraq made significant territorial or political gains, and the fundamental issues dividing the countries remained unresolved at the end of the war.
		As the stalemate continued, Iran was able to mobilize irregular forces (groups not normally part of the army but drafted and armed in response to a crisis), including the Revolutionary Guard, an ill-trained but dedicated core of fighters.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580640/Iran-Iraq_War.html (1385 words)

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