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Topic: Armed merchant cruisers

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	Cruiser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For many years cruisers filled a sweet spot between very light craft such as the torpedo boat, and the ships intended to take part in fleet combat, later generally referred to as battleships.
		Cruisers were large enough to fend off attacks from smaller surface ships and self-sufficient enough to roam far from their home bases.
		Cruisers were also attached to the main battlefleet and used for recconaissance, sweeping ahead of the fleet looking for the enemy.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/cr/cruiser.html (1439 words)

	Merchant raider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merchant raiders are ships which disguise themselves as noncombatant merchant vessels, whilst actually being armed and intending to attack enemy vessels.
		They were armed with 6 x 15 cm cannons, some smaller calibre guns, and torpedoes.
		British Armed Merchant Cruisers were generally adapted from passenger liners, and were larger than the German vessels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merchant_raider (197 words)

	Cruiser [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term "cruiser" was a mid 19th century (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar.
		Cruisers were also attached to the main battlefleet and used for reconnaissance Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation.
		Light cruisers were defined to be armed with 6.1 in (155 mm) guns or smaller and heavy cruisers to be armed with larger calibers, 8 in (203 mm) being particularly common.
	www.wikimirror.com /Cruiser (3745 words)

	Auxiliary cruiser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Auxiliary cruisers were merchant ships taken over for conversion into a vessel armed with cruiser -size guns, and employed either for convoy protection against true cruisers, or for commerce-raiding missions, where its appearance was used to trick merchant ships into approaching.
		There were two main types - large passenger liners (known as armed merchant cruisers, or AMCs), and smaller merchant ships, which were armed with hidden guns and torpedo-tubes and equipped with floatplanes for scouting.
		Whilst the British used armed passenger liner as auxiliary cruisers and used them to protect convoys, the Germans used normal freighters provided with hidden weapons as commerce raiders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armed_Merchant_Cruiser (515 words)

	CRUISER :: FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cruisers were also attached to the main battlefleet and used for reconnaissance, sweeping ahead of the fleet looking for the enemy.
		The weakness of the battle cruiser concept was further demonstrated in the Second World War, during the hunt for the German battleship ''Bismarck'' by the British fleet in 1940.
		The ''Ticonderoga''-class cruisers, built in the 1980s, were originally designed and designated as a class of destroyer, intended to provide a very powerful air-defense in these carrier -centered fleets.
	www.amysflowershop.com /index.php/?s=cruiser (1609 words)

	World War Two Ships: Ship Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cruisers or destroyers could be sent to make torpedo attacks on the enemy battlefleet, or could be used to protect the friendly battlefleet from similar attacks by the enemy.
		Cruisers were usually armed with torpedo tubes, and often are fitted with facilities for carrying one to three floatplanes.
		Merchant raiders (also known as ‘commerce raiders’) are auxiliary cruisers operated by the Axis powers (predominately by Germany, although Japan is also known to have used them) and intended to sink merchant vessels.
	www.ww2ships.com /documents/doc0002-ship_types.shtml (10223 words)

	Cruiser - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The British, Germans and French used them in World War I as raiders because of their high speed (around 30kts), and they were used again as raiders in World War II by the Germans, Japanese, and in the early part of the war, as convoy escorts by the British.
		The weakness of the battle cruiser concept was further demonstrated in the Second World War, during the 2 day hunt for the German battleship Bismarck by the British fleet.
		The current Aegis cruisers were originally designed and designated as a class of destroyer, intended to provide a very powerful air-defense in these carrier -centered fleets.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Cruisers (1606 words)

	Lusitania Controversy - Armament and Cargo
		Some liners, including LUSITANIA and her sister MAURETANIA, were slated for service as auxiliary cruisers in the event of war; the two Cunarders had been built under government subsidy and were designed to facilitate such conversion.
		Both Britain and Germany converted merchant ships to armed merchant cruisers in both world wars, the Germans for use as commerce raiders and the British for use as patrol ships and convoy escort.
		Armed merchant cruisers were commissioned naval vessels, not to be confused with the defensively armed merchantmen discussed above.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/lusika03.htm (2572 words)

	World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Attributed in varying degrees to the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, nationalism, and militarism, the causes of the war are a matter of debate.
		This attack resulted in eight battleships either sunk or damaged, damage to three light cruisers and damage to four destroyers in addition to damage to some auxilaries and approximately 300 aircraft either damaged or destroyed.
		The best jet fighters at the end of the war could have easily flown with impunity right past any Spitfire Mark Is, the best early war fighters (although all WWII jets were extremely limited in maneuverability and targetting, and thus proved useless in combat).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_War_II (8071 words)

	Cruiser - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Light cruisers were defined to be armed with 6.1 in (155 mm) guns or smaller and heavy cruisers to be armed with larger calibers, 8 in (203 mm) being particularly common.
		The last operational Kirov -class cruiser, Petr Velikiy, was recalled to port in March 2004 with severe reactor problems.
		The Ticonderoga -class cruisers, built in the 1980s, were originally designed and designated as a class of destroyer, intended to provide a very powerful air-defense in these carrier -centered fleets.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Cruiser (1727 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Models of German armed merchant cruisers in 1250 scale have been quite plentiful, because German ships are the most popular subject in this scale.
		Armed Merchant Cruisers (AMCs) are a unique class of warship, in that few, if any, exist outside of wartime.
		They are really nothing but stopgaps; non-military ships, armed and used to fill in the gap created by the lack of adequate numbers of warships.
	www.steelnavy.com /1250GermanRaiders.htm (662 words)

	Cruisers
		Cruisers were smaller than battleships but were designed to be faster.
		Cruisers had a top speed of around 30 knots and had a crew of roughly 600 men.
		The wartime-designed cruisers were made much lighter and faster and were mainly intended for scouting and screening operations.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWcruisers.htm (344 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The practice of arming Merchant ships was nothing new and had been used to some degree during the first world war.
		I have been told you need to ask specifically for the Merchant ships they served on or all you will get is the DEMS depot they were from.
		Armed Merchant Cruisers were requisitioned passenger liners which were then fitted with light armament, fifty six such ships were converted during the war of which fifteen were sunk.
	www.british-merchant-navy.co.uk /dems.htm (1271 words)

	The Wargamer - Scenario Archive - Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During this cruise she was attacked by three British Auxillary Merchant Cruisers.
		Summary: "At the beginning of the war, the passenger ship Jervis Bay was commissioned into the Royal Navy as an armed merchant cruiser by arming her with 7 old 6" guns that had been in storage since the turn of the century.
		This is the initial phase of the Battle of Cape Matapan between the Italian 3rd Cruiser Division (adm.Sansonetti) and the British cruisers of adm.Pridham-Wippel.
	www.wargamer.com /archive-ssi/results.asp?GameName=Fighting+Steel (683 words)

	HMAS Kanimbla - Royal Australian Navy History
		Upon the outbreak of war she was requisitioned on 5 September 1939 and converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser at Sydney She commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS KANIMBLA on 6 October 1939.
		Armed Merchant Cruisers were employed in long ocean patrols for enemy raiders and blockade runners, supplementing built for purpose cruisers and allowing them to be released for the more arduous fleet duties.
		The first half of 1940 was spent patrolling off the Chinese and Japanese coasts in the course of which she intercepted and took in charge the Russian vessel V. MAYAKOVSKY, known to be carrying contraband.
	www.navy.gov.au /spc/history/ships/kanimbla1.htm (1586 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-Marauders of the Sea, German Armed Merchant Ships During W.W. 2-Widder
		She was equipped and armed in a similar manner as " Orion." However, she had but a limited sphere of operation, spending all her life in the central Atlantic.
		The supply ship on her way to Vigo met a French Cruiser, and she was scuttled to avoid the valuable cargo of rubber and copper falling into enemy hands.
		The Admiralty alerted 2 County Class Cruisers, 5 Armed Merchant Cruisers, plus a Sloop to be on the lookout for the " Widder," but she evaded this drag net, and remained operational.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /MaraudersWW2/4Widder.html (2086 words)

	RN AMC's
		At the very beginning of World War I British passenger liners were requisitioned by the Royal Navy for conversion to armed merchant cruisers in part to form the 10th Cruiser Squadron and also to relieve the strain on the regular cruisers by undertakinglone patrols, and later, convoy escort duties.
		The A.M.C.s were prominent in news reports with individual duals with their German counterparts as well as being part of squadrons throughout the world, such as at Coronel, the Falklands, and the Dardanelles.
		The most prominent employment of A.M.C.s was in the creation of the 10th Cruiser Squadron, used to maintain the blockade of the North Sea, its patrol area extending from the Norwegian coast far into the Atlantic and covering all approaches to the European continent from a northerly direction.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/rnamc.htm (830 words)

	Merchant Navy in WW2 - Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Catapult armed merchantmen (CAM) are to be fitted out, merchant ships equipped with AA weapons as a first priority, and more Coastal Command squadrons formed and fitted with radar.
		Port and dockyard congestion is to be dealt with and the defence of ports greatly improved.
		Merchant Navy Day.com would like invite all families and relatives, friends and companions, to submit the names of their loved ones to the commemoration page for 3rd September in recognition of their contribution to the years 1939-1945.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/merchantnavy1.html (9037 words)

	Australian Military Units
		The liner SS Berrima was requisitioned from the Peninsula and Orient Steam Navigation Company in August 1914 and commissioned into the RAN as the auxiliary cruiser HMAS Berrima.
		Berrima subsequently returned to Sydney and, despite plans to employ her as an armed merchant cruiser, she was paid off in October for conversion to a troop transport.
		In her new role, SS Berrima sailed for the Middle East in December 1914 as part of the second troop convoy, carrying Australian and New Zealand troops and towing the submarine AE2.
	www.awm.gov.au /units/unit_12820.asp (256 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		In utilizing strength figures, it should be noted that total strength means the total number of personnel belonging to the armed forces during the entire war, whereas peak strength is the greatest strength reached at any one time during the war.
		In the final analysis, victory was won by the Allied powers' technological superiority--the ability to raise, arm, equip, move, and supply superior forces throughout the world, and through them to break up and destroy the technological resources (as well as much of the armed forces) of the Axis nations.
		Other German naval losses included 2 battleships, 2 battle cruisers, 3 pocket battleships, 2 old battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 5 light cruisers, 44 destroyers, and 86 light warships and armed merchant raiders, as well as 1,377 minor and auxiliary warships and approximately 550 landing craft.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_16.html (962 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-Marauders of the Sea, German Armed Merchant Raiders During World War I-Greif
		But Greif was mortally wounded, she was under fire from both British Armed Merchant Cruisers, and, she ceased fire at 1018 (10.18 AM) and four minutes later, boats were seen to be pulling away from the blazing wreck.
		This lesson had still not been properly learned in WW2, the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney, in November 1941, off the west coast of Western Australia ran into the German Armed Merchant Ship, Kormoran, steamed too close, and was mortally wounded by the German ship.
		Greif was still afloat, when the Cruiser Comus arrived on the scene with the Destroyer Munster, and Comus proceeded to finish off the German ship, and she finally sank by the stern at 1301 (1.01 PM) with her German Ensign still flying defiantly.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /MaraudersWW1/Grief.html (1056 words)

	Naval.ca/article - A GLIMPSE OF LIFE ABOARD AN AMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this, the first year of the war, Britain was desperately short of convoy escorts and had hastily converted a number of old passenger liners into armed merchant cruisers (AMCs) armed with little more than a few ancient guns, no asdic, no radar.
		In April, together with several other AMCs, we were employed as a trooper to carry air force personnel to Iceland for onward passage to the UK.
		On April 13, 1941, another AMC, HMS Rajputana, was torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic with the loss of 42 lives including one Canadian Midshipman.
	www.naval.ca /article/goodeve/lifeaboardanamc_bygeorgegoodeve.html (1367 words)

	Naval and Maritime Books
		Brennecke, H. CRUISE OF THE RAIDER HK-33 Crowell 1954 Written by a German naval correspondent and survivors of the Pinguin this book tells the history of a German freighter converted to a merchant raider that tallied a score of 200,000 tons of Allied shipping before meeting her fate.
		Cruise Book - Editor Ken Hoffmann, dp2 U.S.S. AJAX (AR-6) West-Pac cruise Jan. 1973 - Aug. 1973 Miller 1973 The Ajax saw service in the Pacific during World War II and was built by the Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Drydock Corp. at San Pedro, California and commissioned on 10/30/43.
		Cruise Book - Editor LCDr Barry Benn U.S.S. OKINAWA LPH-3 Allen 1972 Apollo 15 was launched 7/26/71 and after completion of the moon mission the service module splashed down in the North Central Pacific Ocean 300 miles off of Hawaii where it was recovered by U.S.S. Okinawa (LPH-3).
	www.sonic.net /~books/navy.html (8472 words)

	Letterstime Stories - Ein Geleitzug - June 16
		Nor anything from that clutch of armed merchant cruisers that had formed up with her.
		Earlier, he'd thought that the German cruiser was readying hoists of her own, but nothing had ever gone up her lines.
		The small burst on the bows of the elegant-looking protected cruiser was their third hit, but the 12,000 ton Canadian vessel showed no effects from any of them.
	www.thequickbluefox.com /EinG-jun18-NY21.html (5298 words)

	cruiser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A very tough dog remains on the loose despite police efforts to shoot it, strike it with a police cruiser and zap it with a stun gun.
		Canton Township Police Department officers arrested a man for drunken driving Tuesday night after he allegedly hit a police cruiser and sent the officer inside to the hospital, according to Chuck Raycraft, a sergeant with the Canton Township Police Department.
		Of course, an import in Japan is anything but Japanese, which was the central theme of the recent Tokyo Special Import Car Show where all the cars under the roof of the Tokyo Big Sight Exhibition Center did not come from the land of the rising sun.
	cruiser.networklive.org (607 words)

	Gallant Liberty Ship SS Stephen Hopkins
		Kenneth Willett, commander of the Armed Guard, was severely wounded in the abdomen by shrapnel, but he continued directing the men.
		A total of 35 shells hit the Stier and she was in as much of a shambles as the Hopkins.
		In his battle report, which he turned in upon the Tannenfels' arrival in Nazi territory, Captain Gerlach reported he fought a "heavily armed cruiser." The SS Stephen Hopkins, named after Rhode Island's representative to the first Continental Congress who signed the Declaration of Independence, was the only U.S. ship to sink a German surface warship.
	www.usmm.org /hopkins.html (1045 words)

	Ship enquiry answers - Cathkin Barrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Armed Merchant Cruiser: Bulolo (Barclay, Curle 1938, for Burns, Philp and Co.)
		Armed Merchant Cruiser Rawalpindi (Harland and Wolff 1925): Highland Archives:
		List of merchant ships used as troop transports by the Commonwealth of Australia during WWI, including fates, and includes photograph of HMAT Warilda (Beardmore 1912/7,785grt, Adelaide S.S.Co.), which was torpedoed and sunk by a submarine in the English Channel, 3 August1918.
	www.ping.be /~mm910928/shipnote.htm (1598 words)

	Armed Merchant Cruiser Monowai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So come World War II, the promenade decks were stripped down and the big guns came out of storage — hey presto, an armed merchant cruiser that could also carry several hundred troops.
		Monowai spent most of her war escorting merchant vessels or shifting troops from Australia and New Zealand to various Pacific islands.
		This is the fifth and last book from Jack on New Zealand WWII cruisers — the others detailed the service lives of Achilles, Leander, Gambia and Neptune.
	www.iss.org.nz /monowai.htm (322 words)

	1916
		British merchant vessels Elmgrove (3018t), Southgarth (2414t) and Baron Vernon (1779t) captured by U-Boot 66 nm north east of Algiers, 60 nm north north east of Algiers and 56 nm north east of Algiers respectively.
		British merchant vessels Julia Park (2900t) and Baron Tweedmouth (5007t) captured by U-Boot 10 nm north of and 25 nm north east by north of Cape Carbon, Algeria, respectively.
		British armed merchant vessels King Malcolm (4351t) and Moresby (1763t) sunk by U-Boot 144 nm and 120 nm north west by west from Alexandria respectively.
	www.stile.coventry.ac.uk /cbs/staff/beech/ahnavy/1916.htm (6439 words)

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