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	[No title]
		THE ARMENIAN APOSTOLIC ORTHODOX CHURCH By Hratch Tchilingirian CONTENTS n History n The Faith of the Armenian Church n The Armenian Catholic Church n The Armenian Evangelical Church n Functional Structure of the Armenian Church n The Hierarchical Structure of the Church HISTORY The Church was founded by Jesus Christ (cf.
		The history of the Armenian Church in all its manifestations and achievements, conflicts and struggles, is in the fullest sense of the term the history of confessing Christ in action.
		The dogmas of the Armenian Church are based on these "articles of faith." The Armenian Church belongs to the Orthodox family of churches, known as the Oriental Orthodox, or Non-Chalcedonian, Churches, i.e., the Armenian, Coptic, Syrian, Ethiopian and Indian Malabar churches.
	www.sain.org /Armenian.Church/intro.txt (3872 words)

	Armenian Catholic Church
		In Lebanon their centre is in Beirut, but the church is spread all over the central parts of the country.
		The Armenian Catholic Church has retained its identity distinct from the Roman Catholic Church, and the liturgy is performed in Classical Armenian.
		Today, the leader of the church, the Patriarch of the Catholic Armenians and Katholikos of Cilicia resides in Beirut, Lebanon.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/arm_cath.htm (263 words)

	RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF ARMENIA
		The hierarchy of the Armenian Apostolic Church is headed by the Catholicos of All Armenians, resident since 1441 at the Catholicate at Etchmiadzin ("the Only-begotten descended").
		The present day communities of Armenian Catholics in Armenia and Georgia are the result of emigration in the 19th century after the pact between Russia and Turkey in 1829, when much of the Armenian population fleeing from disastrous conditions under the Ottoman Empire sought asylum under the Christian protection of the Russian Empire.
		In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, Pope John Paul II reconstructed the Catholic hierarchy of Armenia, appointing as Ordinary for Armenian Catholics in Eastern Europe (Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine and Russia), the Mechitarist Father Nerses Der-Nersessian who was ordained titular Archbishop of Sebaste of the Armenians on 17 November 1992.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHISTORY/armenia.htm (1390 words)

	[No title]
		Under the circumstances, the Armenian catholics were not administered justice by the Patriarchs of Constantinople.
		The recognition of the Armenian catholic hierarchy by the bishop of Rome was an expedient way to secure the protection of Catholic powers of Europe, which in turn presented enough political muscle to force the Sublime Port in halting the persecutions against the "faithful." The Armenian Patriarch obviously opposed such a move.
		The existence of this vacuum is mainly due to the forced Constitution by the Muslim Sultans of the Ottoman empire in western Armenia, and the Russian Church Constitution (Bolojenia) imposed by the Czar in Russian Armenia.
	www.sain.org /window/Denomin3.txt (2008 words)

	Armenian Catholic Church in Russia \| About the Armenian Catholic Church \| Armenian Catholics in Russia
		It is worth noting that in 1850 Pope Pius IX established an Armenian Catholic eparchy in Artvin, which was to minister to Armenian Catholic faithful of the Ottoman Empire and of Russia.
		In 1912 the fact that the Armenian Catholics of Russia ware temporarily subjected to the Tiraspol Eparchy was recognized, but the Artvin Eparchy continued to exist formally, from the point of view of canon law, up to 1972.
		There were Armenian Catholics on the territory of Russia itself, in the Crimean, Moscow (ministered to by a priest) and, apparently, in Krasnodar and other cities.
	www.armeniancatholic.ru /en/church/5.html (883 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Religious History Of Armenia
		The present day communities of Armenian Catholics in Armenia and Georgis are the result of emigration in the 19th century after the pact between Russia and Turkey in 1829, when much of the Armenian population fleeing from disastrous conditions under the Ottoman Empire sought asylum under the Christian protection of the Russian Empire.
		The Armenian Catholic Church was officially registered in the country in 1992 with its own state recognized statutes.
		Catholic churches in the province of Shirak have been restored and operate in full legality, but many more, particularly in the Tashir and Ashotsk provinces, have yet to be restored.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=4002 (1442 words)

	Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Armenian Catholic Church
		Catholic missionary activity among the Armenians had begun early, led initially by the Friars of the Union, a now-defunct Armenian community, related to the Dominicans, founded in 1320.
		Pius XI established the diocese of Artvin for all Armenian Catholics in the Russian Empire in 1850.
		The Armenian Catholic Church was entirely suppressed under communism, and it was only with the independence of Armenia in 1991 that communities of Armenian Catholics began to resurface.
	www.katolsk.no /utenriks/kronologi/orient_armenian.htm (1392 words)

	Armenian Sisters Academy - Sisters
		In the history of the Armenians, the Congregation of the Armenian Sisters of the Immaculate Conception is the first of its kind.
		On June 5, 1847, the Congregation was canonically established, and thus began the "House of the Mother of God"…Congregation of the Armenian Sisters of the Immaculate Conception.
		Thanks to the Sisters’ strong faith and vigor, and their mission to preserve and perpetuate our ethnic identity, the Armenian child in America learns the language, history and cultural traditions of his forefathers and is being formed in the faith of his ancestors.
	www.armeniansrsacademy.org /sisters.htm (1008 words)

	··· Azeri Genocide ···
		The Armenians, who were the most privileged among the Christian citizens of the Ottoman State and who always took place in superior offices, were also given an important status in the society and were not subjected to discrimination from Turks and Moslem citizens.
		Though the Armenian Patriarchy in Istanbul was affiliated to the Echmiazin, which was located within the borders of the Ottomans at the time, it was considered as the center conducting the administrative affairs of the Ottoman Armenians.
		The idea of foundation of a new Armenian Kingdom was set forth by Catherine II for the first time, as a part of the policy of encouraging the Armenians and pulling them to their side during the 1768-1774 Ottoman-Russia War.
	www.azerigenocide.org /hist/hist06b.htm (2473 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rites in the United States
		On Christmas Eve and Easter Eve the Armenians celebrate Mass in the evening; the Mass then begins with the curtains drawn whilst the introductory psalms and prophecies are sung, but, at the moment the great feast is announced in the Introit, the curtains are withdrawn and the altar appears with full illumination.
		All these Catholic Armenians are too poor to build any church or chapel of their own, and use the basement portion of the Latin churches.
		The Gregorian Armenian clergy comprises the archbishop, seven resident and three missionary priests, while the number of Gregorian Armenians is given at 20,000 in the United States.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13078a.htm (8147 words)

	ATMG - Armenian question
		Byzantine persecution of Gregorian Armenians, Venetian persecution of the Greek Orthodox inhabitants of the Morea and Aegean islands, Hungarian persecution of the Bogomils, Spanish persecution of Jews, Inquisition of the Dark Ages, Nazi persecution of Jews and recently Serbian slaughter of Bosnians.
		Armenian atrocities continued and the government finally acted, on April 24, 1915 the Armenian revolutionary committees were closed and 235 of their leaders were arrested.
		Armenian activists, and their terror organisation ASALA, have been trying to justify their world wide terror campaigns of 1970's by claiming that hundreds of thousands of Armenians were killed intentionally during the deportations by the Ottomans.
	www.atmg.org /ArmenianProblem.html (5153 words)

	NEMINEM VESTRUM
		ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS IX To the Venerable Brothers the Archbishop Primate and the Bishops and to the Beloved Sons, Priests and Religious, and to all the Faithful of the Catholic Nation of Armenia in the Province of Constantinople.
		It is also clear to you that the Armenian Catholics have suffered many hardships, to their supreme glory and honor.
		After the Armenian Catholics were given a certain freedom in religious matters through the clemency of the Turkish emperor, religious affairs could thus thrive and flourish in a greater way along with the mutual harmony of souls.
	www.papalencyclicals.net /Pius09/p9nemini.htm (3828 words)

	Crisis Magazine
		Indeed, even the term “Roman Catholic” isn’t quite right—it was actually a derogatory label assigned to us by Anglican Protestants, trying to legitimize their own use of the term “Catholic” over and against that foreign Church loyal to the pope of Rome.
		While Armenians attended the first three ecumenical councils, they weren’t represented at the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, which condemned their faith in St. Cyril’s definition of “One nature of the Word of God incarnate.” Armenians formally accused the Byzantine and Latin Churches of the Nestorian heresy in the year 555.
		In response, Constantinople excommunicated the Catholic patriarch and appointed a Greek as the Orthodox patriarch of Antioch.
	www.crisismagazine.com /julaug2005/feature1.htm (5123 words)

	ByzCath.org - News of the East
		Bishop Batakian was the Auxiliary to the Armenian Patriarch of Beirut, Lebanon.
		Bishop Batakian was born in Athens, Greece, in 1929, ordained to the priesthood in 1954 and ordained bishop in 1995.
		The Armenian Catholic population of Canada and the United states is 36,000, including 14 priests, as well as 21 men and women religious located in nine parishes of which two are in Canada.
	www.byzcath.org /news/2000/CCCB-20001129-2.html (266 words)

	World Watch - Catholic World Report - April 2001
		When the Ukrainian-rite Catholic community in Moscow attempted to register a parish (as reported in CWR, “World Watch,” March 2001), they were told by government officials that their application required the supporting signature of Archbishop Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, the Roman Catholic apostolic administrator for European Russia.
		Sister Nune, who is a member of Georgia’s Armenian minority, disclosed that the worsening economic situation in Armenia has resulted in the formation of a community of Catholics of the Armenian rite in the Russian capital.
		As with the Byzantine Catholics, the Armenians are subordinate to the Latin-rite administration and are not registered as a parish.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Igpress/2001-04/dossier4.html (1286 words)

	Armenian Church
		1970); Sarkassian, Karekin, The Council of Chalcedon and the Armenian Church (1965); Zahirsky, Valerie, The Conversion of Armenia (1985).
		The Armenian Church is one of the oldest branches of the Christian faith.
		The monastery has been the ecclesiastical metropolis of the Armenian nation since the 4th century; it is said to be the oldest monastic foundation in the Christian world.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/armenian.htm (474 words)

	Turkey - Non-Muslim Minorities
		In addition, an estimated 7,000 other Armenians belong to an autonomous Orthodox church, to an Armenian Catholic church in union with Rome, or to various Protestant denominations.
		In 1995 the Armenian Orthodox Church's patriarch, Karekin Bedros Kazandjian, resided in Istanbul.
		Armenian Catholics maintained ten churches in Istanbul, as well as six elementary and middle schools.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/39.htm (815 words)

	Catholic World News : Armenian Catholics Celebrate Jubilee at Vatican
		VATICAN (CWNews.com) -- The former Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia, Jean-Pierre XVIII Kasparian, led the Jubilee celebration of the Armenian Catholic Church at the Vatican on April 24.
		About 300 members of Rome's small Armenian Catholic community participated in the Easter Monday ceremonies at the Vatican, with a procession through the Holy Door of St. Peter's Basilica, and a celebration of the Divine Liturgy in the Armenian rite, in the smaller church of St. Anne.
		There are about 345,000 Armenian Catholics in the world today; the Armenian Apostolic Church, which broke from Rome at the time of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, is much larger, with about 6 million faithful.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=12775 (257 words)

	Visit From the Armenian Pontiff
		He was elevated to the pinnacle of the Armenian church hierarchy since his last visit two years ago.
		He also spoke of the holocaust of Armenians in 1915, in which an estimated 1 million died at the hands of the Ottoman army, and how their country was "physically and spiritually destroyed by 70 years of communism."
		It portrayed the most holy Armenian shrine with Mt. Ararat, the spot where Noah's Ark is reputed to have come to rest after the biblical flood.
	www.mnc.net /papal.htm (886 words)

	Catholic World News : Pope to Visit Armenia in 2001
		Bishop Gregory Ghabroyan, the spiritual leader of the Armenian-rite Catholics in Western Europe, announced that the Pope would accept an invitation that will be formally delivered early in November, when Catholicos Karekin II Nersissian, the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, visits Rome.
		The Armenian Catholic Church dates from the 18th century, when the Holy See appointed a patriarch to provide pastoral care for the Armenians living in exile in the Holy Land.
		The Armenian Apostolic Church split from Rome because of disagreements over the dogmatic formulations of the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=13801 (411 words)

	Armenian_Catholic
		Catholicos Apraham Bedros I: Re-uniter of Armenians and Latins
		Just as the Pope of Rome sits on the throne of St. Peter, the Armenian Catholicos, according to the expression of the ancient historian St. Movses Khorenats'i, "sits on the throne of Thaddeus." Thus he is "father and head" of the Armenian Church.
		As head of Armenian Catholics the Catholicos Nerses-Bedros, like St. Thaddeus and St. Gregory the Illuminator, is in Communion with the Patriarch of the West, Benedict XVI, Pope of Rome and with all the
	www.geocities.com /wmwolfe_48044/Armenian_Catholic.html (428 words)

	USCCB - (Office of Media Relations) - Pope Appoints New Apostolic Exarch for Armenian Catholics in U.S. and Canada
		The Armenian Catholic Exarchate, headquartered in New York, serves some 26,000 persons residing in the United States and Canada.
		Bishop Tertzakian was born in Syria in 1924.
		Bishop Tertzakian was appointed Titular Bishop of Trebisona and Apostolic Exarch of the Armenian Catholic Exarchate for the United States and Canada on January 6, 1995.
	www.usccb.org /comm/archives/2000/00-295.shtml (178 words)

	Catholics Birth Control Information \| Catholics Birth Control News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most Texas catholics say church should support birth control the survey found that 74 percent of the catholics surveyed believe the church should back birth control.
		Catholic couples who choose artificial birth control are committing a grave sin, but even for catholic birth control advocates, this is old news.
		Bishop Hovhannes Tertzakian, former leader of the Armenian Catholic Church in the United States and Canada, died Monday after being struck by a car while walking near his home.
	www.catholicreligionsource.info /catholics-birth-control.html (527 words)

	The Catholic Church in Crete, Greece
		Catholic Greeks who number between 45.000 to 50.000 (0,5% of the population) are a religious minority and not an ethnic minority.
		The contribution of Roman Catholics to neohellenic literature during the last centuries is not negligible.
		There is a Catholic church in Nafplion, another in Aspra Spitia (near the Aluminum industry of Greece) which might be helpful to the Catholic tourists visiting Greece on their way to Mycenee, Epidavros, the Peloponnese, Delphi and Beotia.
	www.interkriti.net /ccc/004.htm (753 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Christianity in Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Catholic Churches are divided into the following: Greek Catholics, Syrian Catholics, Armenian Catholics, Chaldean Catholics, Maronite Catholics, and Latin Catholics.
		These Churches also have their own patriarchs although the Armenians are under the guidance of a Patriarch in Armenia.
		Aleppo, where approximately 10% of the population is Christian, has a large number of Armenians, who fled from Armenia in the days of the Ottoman Empire when they were persecuted and massacred.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/general/christianity.htm (324 words)

	ececs
		Metropolitan of Basri, Horan and Jabal al-Arab of Greek Catholics
		Archbishop of Homs, Hama and Nabak of Syrian Catholics
		Patriarchal Vicar of the Diocese of Jazireh and the Euphrat for the Armenian Catholics
	www.opuslibani.org.lb /conference/ececs.htm (148 words)

	Pope Pius IX - Neminem Vestrum - On The Persecution Of Armenians - 2 February 1854
		To the Venerable Brothers the Archbishop Primate and the Bishops and to the Beloved Sons, Priests and Religious, and to all the Faithful of the Catholic Nation of Armenia in the Province of Constantinople.
		Would that We were not compelled to mourn such losses which have abounded among you—especially, to Our great sadness, from the dissension of souls.
		They eloquently acknowledged and freely received the regulations and decrees which the popes and the sacred congregations published or would publish—especially those which prohibit communicatio in divinis (communion in holy matters) with schismatics.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0255o.htm (3845 words)

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