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Topic: Armenian Gull

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	Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most gulls, particularly Larus species, are ground nesting omnivores, which will take live food or scavenge opportunistically.
		Apart from the kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea.
		Gulls — the larger species in particular, are resourceful and highly-intelligent birds, demonstrating complex methods of communication and a highly-developed social structure.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gull (335 words)

	Herring Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The taxonomy of the Herring Gull/ Lesser Black-backed Gull complex is very complicated, different authorities recognising between two and eight species.
		Armenian Gull, Larus armenicus Adults are easily identified by their size, pale grey back and the red spot on the beak.
		These are omnivores like most Larus'' gulls, and they will scavenge on rubbish tips and elsewhere, as well as seeking suitable small prey in fields or on the coast, or robbing plover s or lapwing s of their catches.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Herring_Gull.html (520 words)

	Olsen, K.M. and Larsson, H.: Gulls: Of North America, Europe, and Asia.
		The gulls are a large family of seabirds, familiar and distinctive as a group, but one of the most challenging to separate at the species level, especially in their various stages of immature plumage.
		Gulls explore a variety of habitats, consume a wide range of food, and are often extremely abundant.
		The large white-headed gulls found in North America, Europe, and Asia comprise a superspecies complex, with the precise relationships between various components still under considerable debate.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/7362.html (560 words)

	Gull -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gulls are (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabirds in the family Laridae and subfamily Lari.
		Apart from the (Small pearl-gray gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe) kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea.
		The taxonomy of the (Large gull of the northern hemisphere) Herring Gull is particularly complicated.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/gull.htm (687 words)

	Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Allen Superior Court Judge Fran Gull had to decide twice last week whether a person appearing before her was competent to stand trial.
		Then he built another tent-home for his nephew and the clan's patriarch, an 85-year-old man named Gull Hussan whose hip was injured in the quake.
		As the final precincts reported, Dawn Gull stood up and gave her husband a victory hug.
	www.wikiverse.org /gull (277 words)

	Armenian Church - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Armenian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Armenian Church isolated itself from the rest of Christendom in the 6th century, when it rejected the Council of Chalcedon and excommunicated all who accepted it.
		It embraces the whole of the Armenian nation, and has spread with this enterprising people all over the world.
		The Catholicos rules with an Armenian patriarch of Constantinople and a patriarch of Jerusalem under him.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Armenian+Church (232 words)

	Armenian Ecotourism Association/Biodiversity
		Armenia, occupying the part of Armenian highland is located on the borderline of development of different floristic and faunal areas in the region.
		No true endemic bird species are found in Armenia, although the Armenian gull (Larus armenicus) is considered to be an endemic species, and has been recorded in the Lake Sevan basin, along the Arks, Hrazdan, and Akhurian Rivers, and in recent years in the Ararat valley.
		A native breed of rabbits ("Armenian marder") were bred from blue-coated rabbits crossed with Himalayan and chinchilla breeds.
	www.ecotourismarmenia.com /pages/bio.htm (4150 words)

	Gull index: gulls, seagulls, gull identification, problem gulls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Most gull-watchers know that even in the field, the perceived shade of gray on a gull can change depending on the angle that the bird is standing.
		Well in case you don't know it, scanning/preparing a photo image for display on a computer monitor introduces another enormous variable in the perceived shades of gray (and all color) - look at this revised sample that now includes an example of deceptive natural lighting.
		It is possible for the person scanning/editing the image to selectively adjust any part of the image, but it is reasonable to assume that such manipulation is not done, so it is safe to assess relative shades of color between objects in the same image.
	www.martinreid.com /gullinx.htm (264 words)

	Birds Korea - conserving birds and habitats in South Korea and the Yellow Sea eco-region
		The authors studied the mitochondrial DNA variation of 21 large gull taxa in an attempt to reconstruct their evolutionary history.
		Whilst WBKE was aware that Mongolian Gull was genetically closer to the Pacific gulls than to west Asian taxa, its relationship to L.
		Confidence in criteria for the identification in north-east Asia of immature American Herring Gull L. smithsonianus is somewhat undermined by the discovery that it is close genetically to Vega Gull L. vegae, and that the two taxa are liable to appear closer to each other in the field than is often presently appreciated.
	www.birdskorea.org /dnagullstudy.asp (435 words)

	[No title]
		THE YELLOW-LEGGED GULL LARUS CACHINNANS IN THE DONCASTER DISTRICT
		The systematics of the various races of Herring Gull Larus argentatus (sensu Cramp and Simmons 1983) is highly complex and in a state of considerable uncertainty.
		Adult Yellow-legged Gulls are relatively straightforward, given good views of standing birds, and the comparisons which follow are with the British breeding race of Herring Gull L. a.
	www.birdingdoncaster.org.uk /reports/ylgull.htm (800 words)

	Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		They are in general medium to large birds, typically grey or white, often with flmarkings on the head or wings.
		Most gulls, particularly Larus species, are ground nesting omnivores,which will take live food or scavenge opportunistically.
		The large speciestake up to four years to attain full adult plumage, but two years is typical for small gulls.
	www.therfcc.org /gull-7550.html (140 words)

	ANN/Groong -- TCC - The New Voice: Gohar Markosian-Kasper
		THE NEW VOICE: GOHAR MARKOSIAN-KASPER Armenian News Network / Groong December 22, 2003 by Shushan Avagyan "Penelope was waking to the warm golden-greenish sunrays, which reminded her of a delicious pumpkin hill, usually unloaded onto the hot August asphalt of the heavily trodden Yerevan streets.
		One morning, as the narrator embarks on her "odyssey" to shower that turns out to be impossible due to the notorious shutting down of water and electricity, Penelope takes us through her friends' and relatives' living rooms, where conversations about their homeland's present, past, and future never cease.
		The children outside were yelping for something else; it wasn't that famous cheering call "Li-i-i-ights" that usually gave a quake to the walls and fundaments, when -- all of a sudden -- the sub-station would come alive, with its buzzing bass, like a factory whistle, calling all the housewives to their heroic labor.
	groong.usc.edu /tcc/tcc-20031222.html (1613 words)

	Birds Korea - Steppe Gull barabensis in South Korea
		However, “Gulls” suggests that on average (1) it is rather more lightly-built than either nominate cachinnans or heuglini; (2) it has a moult timing falling between these other taxa; and (3) it often shows bill patterning more suggestive of Armenian Gull Larus armenicus than either.
		Mongolian Gull is believed to be the only member of the Herring Gull Assemblage to be at all regular in Korea in the summer months (May-early September), and up to the present, extreme dates of darker-mantled, yellow-legged individuals of this Assemblage (i.e.
		Juvenile and First-winter barabensis are also considered by “Gulls” very close in appearance to Juvenile and First-winter heuglini and cachinnans, and thus should be relatively easy to separate from both smithsonianus and vegae at this age on a range of features (for further information, please refer both to “Gulls” and to: http://www.birdskorea.org/lwhgid.asp).
	www.birdskorea.org /barabensis.asp (4993 words)

	gull taxonomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gull taxonomy is in a tremendous state of flux.
		Atlantis and michahellis are typically now called the Yellow-legged Gull, even though the birds from northwest Spain are sometimes called the Cantabrican Gull, and may show pinkish legs.
		Armenicus also used to be part of Herring Gull (and presumably Yellow-legged), but has successfully fought for an independent homeland and a UN seat; it is now called the Armenian Gull.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/6181/taxonomy.htm (483 words)

	Armenian Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, is a large gull whichbreeds across North America Europe and Asia.
		The taxonomy of the Herring Gull/ Lesser Black-backedGull complex is very complicated, different authorities recognising between two and eight species.
		These are omnivores like most Larus gulls, and they will scavenge on rubbish tips and elsewhere, as well as seekingsuitable small prey in fields or on the coast, or robbing plovers or lapwings of their catches.
	www.therfcc.org /armenian-gull-97701.html (247 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for February 8-14, 2004
		Armenian Gull is almost a better match showing a dark eye and the fl on the bill and also looking shorter winged as I recall (once again I've only seen a couple).
		L.a.smithonianus is another Herring Gull, individuals of which may breed in the 'north', it has yellow to ochre orbital rings and the grey mantle can even be a shade paler than argenteus (Mullarney in litt.) while on average it is a large gull.
		Finally, most Cal Gulls I’ve seen have had a definite yellowish tinge on the legs (usually grayish-yellow, or fleshy-yellow, but with the yellowish tinge nevertheless present), which this bird does not seem to show, although for a bird that is not a full adult like the Norway bird this might be a moot point.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200402/w2 (12681 words)

	Sandgrouse - Recent records in Iran
		Large gulls of these taxa were present almost everywhere along the coast, but the largest numbers were counted, on 27 January, at Azini Khur (4620).
		Caspian Gull (n=168) was identified on the basis of smaller size, paler grey upperparts, bright yellow legs, yellow, grey or dark iris colour, and relatively long bill in comparison with Heuglin's Gull.
		Armenian Gull is a common breeding bird on Lake Urumieh in the north of the country (Evans 1994), but is certainly not common in the Arabian Gulf in winter (Hirschfeld 1995, Symens and Alsuhaibany 1996, pers.
	www.osme.org /sand231/iran.html? (2478 words)

	BirdForum - View Single Post - Pontic Gulls ??
		They use the English name Pontic Gull rather than Caspian Gull, and as I thought that they would be discussing these things with other official nomenclature bodies I thought that Pontic Gull was the internationally accepted name.
		Armenian Gull L armenicus is specifically distinct from Pontic Gull, Yellow-legged Gull and Heuglin´s Gull L heuglini based on qualitative differences in morphology and vocalizations (Géroudet 1982, Hume 1983, Dubois 1985, Grant 1986, 1987, Satat and Laird 1992, Buzun 1993, Filchagov 1993, Frede and Langbehn 1997).
		Ref the bird on photo 1, I mainly concluded that it was a Pontic because of the red and BLACK spot on the lower mandible, which according to Mullarney is a feature of the Pontic.
	www.birdforum.net /showpost.php?p=121660&postcount=6 (350 words)

	Untitled
		Lesser Black-backed Gull and Baltic Gull are specifically distinct based on qualitative differences in morphology and differences in moult, foraging and breeding behaviour (Barth 1968, Bergman 1982, Cramp and Simmons 1983, Hario 1992, Strann and Vader 1992).
		Heuglin's Gull L heuglini is specifically distinct from Lesser Black-backed Gull, Baltic Gull, Armenian Gull L armenicus, Pontic Gull L cachinnans, Yellow-legged Gull L michahellis and Vega Gull L vegae based on qualitative differences in morphology and behaviour, and differences in ecology (Grant 1986, Filchagov et al 1992, Hario 1992, Kennerley et al 1995).
		Herring Gull, Vega Gull and American Herring Gull L smithsonianus are specifically distinct based on qualitative differences in morphology and vocalizations (Frings et al 1958, Hoffman 1979, Grant 1986, Mullarney 1990, Kennerley et al 1995, Dubois 1997).
	www.dutchbirding.nl /comm/csna/tax2.html (2157 words)

	James Smith's daily bird sightings reports November 2001 Kibbutz Lotan Center for Birdwatching Israel
		I found only gulls but was quite happy to identify an immature Armenian Gull amongst the various forms of Yellow-legged Gull.
		With gull identification and taxonomy one of the more fluid situations in birding I tend to feel defeated every time I look a flock of large gulls in Eilat.
		On the largest pool I noticed a lone gull sitting on the water and was astonished to find that it was a 2nd calendar year Great Black-headed Gull.
	www.birdingisrael.com /birdNews/recentSightings/2001/dailySightings/22Nov.htm (578 words)

	coins-armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The obverse features the Armenian Coat of Arms, surrounded by the inscription 'THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA' in Armenian, along with the face value '100 DRAMS' and the year date '1998'.
		The reverse of the coin features a portrait of the Armenian gull on a nest of twigs above the contour of Lake Sevan.
		This is surrounded by the inscriptions 'WWF CONSERVING NATURE '98' and 'ARMENIAN GULL', in both English and Armenian.
	www.groth.ch /MUENZEN/ENGLISCH/COINS-E/281002.html (71 words)

	Report 79 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Numbers of seven species meet the Ramsar criteria listed by Rose and Scott (1997): Black-necked Grebe, Shelduck, Greater Flamingo, Slender-billed Gull, Avocet and Armenian Gull, which underlines the value of the area for migrating waterbirds.
		Armenian Gull (1,253) and Slender-billed Gull (2,907) were also particular common.
		Greater Flamingo was very common, with a total of 15,993, almost exclusively found at the mudflats and shallows of Lake Orumieh.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rene.t.vos/wiwo/report79.htm (402 words)

	BirdForum - Gull query
		However, from what you can see on the wings there is a white tip on P10 which is the only diagnostic plumage feature of Caspian Gull so that must be what it is. Probably...
		The picture of the Northants bird is on Surfbirds as a 'probable Caspian Gull'.
		A small female could be more reminiscent size wise of an LBB Gull when pitted next to a Herring.
	www.birdforum.net /showthread.php?t=11786 (1619 words)

	Gull - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Herring Gull on the North Devon coast, England Image:Seagull04.jpgSeagull at Sale, Australia Image:Seagull03.jpgSeagull at Sale, Australia Image:Seagull02.jpgSeagull at Sale, Australia
		Gulls : Of North America, Europe, and Asia
		Gulls, Ravens and a Vulture: The Ornithological Paintings of James Wyeth
	www.unipedia.info /Gull.html (256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Of the fish species the famous endemic Salmo ischchan (prince in Armenian) now is at the edge of extinction.
		Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and endemic armenian gull (Larus armenicus) are abundant at present.
		The survey showed that from breeding waterfowl the most abundant are Eurasian Coot - 6,000, Mallard - 5,000 and endemic Armenian Gull - 16,000 individuals during the year.
	enrin.grida.no /htmls/armenia/soe_armenia/english/sevan/snp/fauna.htm (369 words)

	armenian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		These gulls where photographed at Ma'ahan Mikael, Israel on 23th March 2000.
		Because of this date I will refer to them as their respectively calendar year (cj) instead of their summer or winter plumage.
		In flight I noticed on several occasions that the underwings of AG, compared to Yellow-legged Gull L.
	www.xs4all.nl /~calidris/armenian.htm (285 words)

	Larus delawarensis
		Ring-billed Gulls are intermediate in size and character between Common Gulls and Herring Gulls, not as gentle-looking as the former or as robust as the latter.
		The thicker, straight-edged bill and pale mantle of a Ring-billed Gull may be more suggestive of a Herring Gull which, second winter plumage, looks similar to first-winter Ring-billed Gull.
		If you’re not sure about the subtle differences in size and structure, notice that the whole wing of a Herring Gull looks uniformly barred, (including the tertials and greater coverts) whereas on a Ring-billed Gull only the middle part of the wing is barred.
	www.birdguides.com /html/vidlib/species/Larus_delawarensis.htm (325 words)

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