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	Cilicia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Κιλικία) was the name of a region, now known as Çukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus.
		Cilicia was given an eponymous founder in the mythic Cilix, but the historic founder of the dynasty that ruled Cilicia Pedias was Mopsus, identifiable in Phoenician sources as Mpš, the founder of Mopsuestia and protector of an oracle nearby.
		The Armenian population of Cilicia was affected by the Armenian Genocide.On 1 January 1919, Cilicia was occupied by French troops.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Cilicia (1414 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
		The Kingdom of Cilicia was founded by the Rubenian dynasty, an offshoot of the larger Bagratid family that at various times held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia.
		Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East.
		East of Maraş, the Armenian Gogh Vasil (Basil the Robber) held the fortresses of Raban (modern Altınaşkale) and Kesoun as a Seljuk vassal.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia (2853 words)

	History of Armenia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Armenian Apostolic Church is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion.
		The Emperor Heraclius (610-641) was of Armenian descent, as was the Emperor Philippicus (711-713).
		Chahin, The Kingdom of Armenia (1987, reissued 1991)
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Armenia (2103 words)

	Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Cilicia was founded by the Roupenid dynasty, an offshoot of the larger Bagratid family that at various times held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia.
		Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East.
		East of Maraş, the Armenian Kogh Vasil held the fourtresses of Raban (modern Altınaşkale) and Kesoun as a Seljuk vassal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia (948 words)

	Armenians - Armeniapedia.org
		The predecessors of the first Armenian Kingdom in the 6th century BC were the Kingdom of Urartu, Hittite Empire, and confederations such as the Hayasa-Azzi.
		Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parska-Hye, Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipana-Hye and Armenians who are from Armenia (that is, they or their ancestors were not forced to flee in 1915) are referred to as Hyeastansees meaning those that are from Armenia.
		Armenians are a sub branch of the Indo-European family, which migrated from the north Caucasus in multiple directions around 4500 B.C. Armenians are their own sub-group in the Indo-European family and one of the smallest by population of the family.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Armenians (1973 words)

	Armenians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia created by Armenians pushed westward by the invading Seljuk Turks could also be added in that regard, although demographics in the region might have already shifted by the time the newest wave arrived and the kingdom was established.
		The ethnic cleansing of Armenians during the final years of the Ottoman Empire is widely considered a genocide, with one wave of persecution in the years 1894 to 1896 culminating in the events of the Armenian Genocide in 1915 and 1916.
		Armenians are a sub branch of the Indo-European family, which are "autochthons" and not migrants from the north Caucasus or from the Balkans in multiple directions around 4500 BC.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Armenians (2448 words)

	Armenian History
		The Seljuq conquest of the last Armenian kingdom in the 11th century marked the beginning of an exodus of the Armenians from historical Armenia resulting in the advent of an Armenian Diaspora.
		This “ethnic cleansing” of the Armenians from their historical homeland led Raphael Lemkin, the father of the Genocide Treaty, to coin the new term of “genocide” in the 1930’s in order to describe this historical plight of the Assyrians and the Armenians as subjects of the first genocide of the 20th century.
		Armenian churches, schools, cultural centers, sports clubs and associations flourished and Armenians had their own senator and member of parliament, Thirty churches and some four dozen schools and libraries served the needs of the community.
	home.wanadoo.nl /edmond_k/armhist.html (6567 words)

	Cilicia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Κιλικία) was the name of a region, now known as Çukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus.
		Cilicia was given an eponymous founder in the mythic Cilix, but the historic founder of the dynasty that ruled Cilicia Pedias was Mopsus, identifiable in Phoenician sources as Mpš, the founder of Mopsuestia and protector of an oracle nearby.
		The Armenian population of Cilicia was affected by the Armenian Genocide.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Cilicia (1336 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: French Armenian Legion
		Armenian studies would start to develop in France after the creation of the Armenian department of the School of Oriental languages with the initiative of Napoleon I. During the 1915, the French welcomed tens of thousands of Armenians in their country which was a safe haven for them.
		The Armenian legion was established under the goals of the Armenian national liberation movement and was an armed unit besides the Armenian volunteer units and Armenian militia during World War I which fought against the Ottoman Empire.
		Armenian committees were organizing the conscription process to recruit these soldiers in France and United States.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2007/01/french-armenian-legion.html (751 words)

	Diaspora
		The dispersion of the Armenians in the Middle Ages was greatly influenced by the increasing involvement of the Armenian merchants, beginning in the 16th century, as facilitators and carriers of the East-West trade.
		However, the Armenian population was forced to leave Cilicia permanently after the French government had withdrawn its forces from Cilicia in late 1921 and turned the region to the control of the Kemalist government of Turkey.
		Armenian community organizations were established in practically all Armenian-populated regions, and as a result, religious, education, and cultural institutions have been established, and Armenian periodicals are being published, albeit typically in the local language.
	www.armeniaemb.org /DiscoverArmenia/Diaspora/HistoryofDiaspora.htm (5615 words)

	Armenian History, chapter 6: Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia
		Armenian Nakharars became Knights and Barons, Sparapets were often called Constables etc. The Armenian Cilician noblemen used the Latin and French languages alongside the Armenian.
		The Cilician Armenian Kingdom was reinforced after Leon II gained the long-term conflict over the Latin princes of the neighboring Antioch Principality.
		This period of Armenian history is regarded as the brilliant Age of Ecclesiastical manuscript painting.
	www.armenianhistory.info /cilician.htm (1024 words)

	Qarabaq senedlerde \| Karabakh in Documents \| Карабах в документах
		Henceforth, the Armenian church having seceded from the communion of the church of Byzantium became the stronghold of Armenian nationalism and the principal factor of national unity.
		When the Armenian nobility were dispossessed of their ancestral territories and were granted, in return, domains in Byzantine territories, a large wave of Armenian emigrants accompanied them to these regions which had already been settled by their fellow countrymen at an earlier period.
		The Armenian feudal principalities, which had been located in the geographical region of Armenia, were completely destroyed by Byzantium in the year 1045 and their populations were to a large extent moved and resettled in other territories.
	www.karabakh-doc.azerall.info /ru/armyanstvo/arm38eng-2.php (8188 words)

	HyeEtch - The Armenians - History - Kingdom of Cilicia
		The Armenian princes and feudal families that had emigrated to Cilicia and the neighbourring regions had been driven there by the Byzantine government itself, which gave them land in exchange for the territories the empire had confiscated.
		The formation of an autonomous Armenian state in Cilicia was the outcome of the revolt against this vassalage, in an attempt to recover lost dignity.
		The last stage of the kingdom of Cilicia began in 1342 with the advent of a new dynasty, that of the Lusignan Princes of Cyprus, who were of French origin and came to the Armenian throne through matrimonial ties when the last of the Het'umians, Levon IV, died heirless.
	www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au /armenians/cilicia_p1.html (1128 words)

	Armenia-History, Facts, Armenian Alphabet
		The Armenians are the descendants of a branch of Indo-Europeans.
		A lengthy national liberation movement ended with the victory of Armenians and in 859 Ashot Bagratouni of the Bagratouni dynasty was recognized Prince of Pinces, and in 885 he granted the title of the Armenian king by the Caliph.
		In the 11th century the Armenian kingdom weakens due to both inner instability and under the influence of exterior forces, and Seljuk turks that had already appeared on the historical scene in the 11th century invaded Northern Armenia in 1064.
	www.visitarm.com /aboutarmenia.html (2107 words)

	Armenians and Crusaders - HyeForum
		On January 6, 1198 Levon/Leon I is crowned as King of Lesser Armenia (Cilicia) by the new Armenian catholicos with a crown from the Hohenstaufen emperor.
		King Levon of Cilicia marries Sybilla of Lusignan, the daughter of King Aimery of Cyprus and Queen Isabeau Plantagenet, and later mother of Levon's daughter and heir Isabelle (Zabel).
		The Armenian Bagrat was suspected, tortured, and escaped to the hills.
	www.hyeforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4653 (12838 words)

	ARMENIANS (September 8, 1987)
		This last Armenian kingdom fell in 1375; and the last Armenian king, Leo [Levon] V (VI), died in exile (1393) in France and is buried in the abbey church of Saint Denis, next to the tombs of the French kings to whom he was related.
		Latin influence was strong in Cilicia during the thirteenth century, due particularly to the great military expeditions of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (1228) and of King [St.] Louis IX (1248) and the desire of the Armenian princes to acquire political and military support.
		While the head of the Armenian Church lived in Cilicia (1294-1441), ecclesiastical policies were closely tied to the well being of the Armenian kingdom, which meant seeking a political and religious accommodation with Rome and Byzantium.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/armenian/papazian/armenia.html (5610 words)

	History of Armenia
		Armenians voted overwhelmingly for independence in a September 1991 referendum, followed by a presidential election in October 1991 that gave 83% of the vote to Levon Ter-Petrossian.
		Armenian support for the separatists led to an economic embargo by Azerbaijan, which has crippled Armenia's foreign trade and restricted its imports of food and fuel, three-quarters of which transited Azerbaijan under Soviet rule.
		Karabakhi Armenians, supported by the Republic of Armenia, now hold about 15% of Azerbaijan and have refused to withdraw from occupied territories until an agreement on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh is reached.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/armenia.html (803 words)

	The Armenian Church in Cilicia
		Because of the war, the Armenians were not present at the Council of Chalcedon, and at the Synod of Dvin (505) the Armenian church aligned herself with the non-Chalcedonian churches.
		After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Ani, the Catholicate was transferred from Armenia Major to Cilicia (Lesser Armenia) where a large number of Armenians had settled and organized a dynamic center of ecclesiastical and national life under an independent principality which eventually became known as the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
		Coinciding with this cultural and national awakening of the Armenian population in Turkey was the steady weakening of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.armenianprelacy.org /his02.htm (3264 words)

	Churches and monasteries of Western Armenia - Cilicia - Khromkla fortress
		The fortress served as the residence of the Catholicos of All Armenians from 1149 till 1292.
		For example in 1779 in Khromkla at the Episcopal council Armenians rejected integration of Byzantium and Armenian Churches and refused to adopt Chalcedon as the Oecumenical council.
		Throne of the Catholicos of All Armenians were replaced to Sis, the capital of the Cilicia and in 1375 the Kingdom were totally destroyed.
	www.westernarmenia.net /index.files/Cilicia_Khromkla_fortress.htm (639 words)

	WESTERN PRELACY OF THE ARMENIAN APOSTOLIC CHURCH OF AMERICA
		After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia, in 1375, the Church also assumed the role of national leadership, and the Catholicos was recognized as Ethnarch (Head of Nation).
		The existence of two Catholicosates within the Armenian Church, namely the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin (the Catholicosate of All Armenians), Etchmiadzin-Armenia, and the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia, Antelias-Lebanon, is due to historical circumstances.
		In 1375 the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was destroyed.
	www.westernprelacy.org /pages/arm-church.htm (596 words)

	Cilicia and Pamphylia - All About Turkey
		This division of what is now a flourishing agricultural region, with a well developed industrial base, still persists today, when Cilicia roughly falls into two Turkish provinces, Icel, with its capital at Mersin, and Adana, the area around the industrial city of the same name at the heart of the Cilician plain.
		Some of Cilicia was probably for a time part of the independent kingdoms of Arzawa and then Kizzuwadna (from about 1650 BC.), buffer states between the Hittites and the Mitanni.
		After the established order in Anatolia was destroyed in the late 7th c BC by invading Scythian and Cimmerian "barbarians" from southern Russia, a kingdom of Cilicia south of the Taurus was one of the new political power structures which soon emerged as regions sought to establish their own identity.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /ita/kilikya.htm (986 words)

	www.armenian.ch \| Armenia \| Language
		Armenian has the unique characteristic, along with Hittite (an Indo-European language now extinct) of being a language that is equally related to both the Western branches of the Indo-European family and the Eastern branches, making Armenian the bridge between East and West in the family of Indo-European languages.
		Armenian is considered by many scholars as the intermediary between Greek and Persian, hence its originality derived from having a dual Western and Eastern legacy.
		Armenian characters are based on the Greek Alphabet, and the Pahlavi script (derived from the Aramaic alphabet) of ancient Persia, given that Greek and Persian were the two prominent languages spoken in the region around Mashtots’ time.
	www.armenian.ch /armenia/Pages/E/language.html (946 words)

	Azad-Hye Middle East Armenian Portal (The Armenian community of Egypt, An overview)
		During the Abbasid era, the courage of the Armenian Amir Ali Ibn Yehia, is praised by the mediaeval Islamic historian Ibn Taghribirdi.
		This brought the Armenians residing within the Mameluke realm under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
		The Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Egypt, which is under the jurisdiction of Holy Etchmiadzin, is the primary guardian of community assets such as endowments, real estate in the form of agricultural land and other property bequeathed by generations of philanthropists.
	www.azad-hye.net /article/article_view.asp?rec=28 (1203 words)

	Armenian 1300 Year Ship On Visit To Stockholm - ArmeniaDiaspora.Com
		Cilicia was met in Stockholm by several Armenian societies and hundreds of Armenians who have settled down in Stockholm.
		The Union of Armenian Associations in Sweden and the representatives of the Armenian Church have greeted the sailing boat and its crew.
		That is why Cilicia's crew give their tribute to her grave and put flowers on it as a token of gratitude of the Armenian people to Alma Johansson and her colleagues for their indispensable help.
	www.armeniadiaspora.net /ADC/news.asp?id=1246 (456 words)

	Cilicia and Pamphylia - All About Turkey
		The ancient kingdom of Cilicia in Asia Minor was the area known to the Assyrians as Khilakku in the west and Kue in the east.
		The western half, Cificia Tracheia ("rough Cilicia"), is the rugged and still largely inaccessible and undeveloped section of the Taurus stretching inland from Anamur, while to the east is the fertile Cilician plain of Cukurova, with its fields of grain and cotton and its banana and citrus groves.
		Cilicia was never a kingdom in its own right for very long.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /kilikya.htm (987 words)

	Review of Hovannisian, The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
		The Armenian homeland is located on the Armenian plateau, central and eastern Anatolia and southwestern Caucasia--the highlands which dominate the lowlands of Greater Syria and Mesopotamia to the south.
		Branches of the Armenian nobility, the Hetumids and the Rubenids, established an Armenian kingdom in Cilicia, in the southern part of Asia Minor bordering on the Mediterranean, a kingdom which had close relations with the Crusaders who established minor principalities to the south and east.
		Widespread massacres of Armenians by Sultan Abdul Hamid 11 in 1894-1896 were followed by the Cilician pogroms of 1909, and culminated in the Armenian Genocide from 1915-22 in which the Armenian plateau was essentially denuded of Armenians.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/armenian/papazian/hovannisian.html (1432 words)

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