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Topic: Armenian literature

	Selected Literatures and Authors Pages - Armenian Literature
		The Embassy of the Republic of Armenia, Washington, D.C. The Armenian Language.
		The Armenian Monastery and Academy of San Lazzaro in the Venetian Lagoon.
		The Turkish poet and the Armenian - Nazim Hikmet and Missak Medzarents.
	learning.lib.vt.edu /slav/lit_authors_armenian.html (1581 words)

	Armenian Information Center
		Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Turkey and the Republic of Armenia, and in Armenian settlements elsewhere in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States.
		Armenian is known to have replaced the earlier languages of the historical Armenian region (see Armenia) by at least the 7th century BC, and it may have been influenced by the languages it replaced.
		A special impetus toward the preservation of Armenian literature was given by the establishment in 1717 of a college and convent on the island of San Lazzaro near Venice by the Armenian prelate Mechitar de Petro.
	myfilelocker.comcast.net /ahahamyan/infocenter.htm (5820 words)

	Armenian Studies at the University of Michigan -- Courses Offered
		Using Armenian historical consciousness in the late twentieth century as a case study to be explored in depth, this course will also examine in theoretical and comparative perspective the ways in which accounts of history can circumscribe or interact dynamically with conceptions of personal, ethnic, or national identity.
		Armenian writers reviewed and revised the principal elements of Armenian identity in such ways as to help the Armenians accomplish the crucial transition from being a cluster of communities to a national Land, in many ways prefiguring Armenian attitudes in the 20th century.
		It begins with the revival of Armenian culture and the national movement of the late 18th century, proceeds through the years of political formation and the rise of Armenian nationalism, to the 20th-Century genocide, the establishment of Soviet Armenia, to the current crisis over the future of the Soviet Union.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/asp/courses.htm (1634 words)

	ARMENIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION - CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO
		Four years later, the job, which consisted of casting Armenian letter types, producing wooden carvings for the illustrations, etc. was completed, and the first Bible in the Armenian language was printed in Amsterdam in 1666.
		Armenian children were being educated in the universities of Europe.
		New genres such as the novel, the ballad and the short story were born as Armenians were affected by the currents of rationalism, symbolism and decadence encompassing Europe; but, the themes of these works remained traditionally Armenian.
	www.calpoly.edu /~asaclub/literature.htm (1061 words)

	AllRefer.com - Armenian language (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Today Armenian is the mother tongue of more than 5 million people, of whom over 3 million live in Armenia; 1 million live elsewhere in the republics of the former Soviet Union; and the rest are in the Middle East, the Balkans, and the United States.
		The history of the Armenian people is reflected in the sources of the words borrowed by their language.
		For example, Armenian has absorbed words from Persian, owing to Parthian domination in the centuries immediately before and after Jesus, from Greek and Syriac as a result of Christian influence, from French during the Crusades, and from Turkish in the course of several centuries of Turkish rule.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/ArmenLan.html (463 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Armenia
		Armenian bishops in the Roman territory assemble and recognize the Council of Chalcedon.
		Armenians in which the old error of Monophysitism was repudiated, and two natures acknowledged in Christ.
		Armenian territory were instrumental in the training of native missionaries called the "United Brothers", whose sole aim was to procure union with Rome.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01736b.htm (3667 words)

	Armenian History, chapter 6: Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia
		Armenian Nakharars became Knights and Barons, Sparapets were often called Constables etc. The Armenian Cilician noblemen used the Latin and French languages alongside the Armenian.
		The Cilician Armenian Kingdom was reinforced after Leon II gained the long-term conflict over the Latin princes of the neighboring Antioch Principality.
		This period of Armenian history is regarded as the brilliant Age of Ecclesiastical manuscript painting.
	www.armenianhistory.info /cilician.htm (1024 words)

	HyeEtch - The Armenians - Language & Alphabet p2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Armenian alphabet, which consists of 38 characters, was created in 405 A.D. by a monk named Mesrop Mashtots (the original alphabet had 36 letters, two characters were added later).
		Armenian literature began to develop with the creation of the Armenian alphabet in 405-406 A.D. and the subsequent translation of the Bible into Armenian.
		Throughout centuries of foreign domination the retention of the Armenian language seems to have been one of the people's greatest defenses against assimilation.
	www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au /armenians/language_p1.html (1061 words)

	Armenian literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Armenians once had a temple literature of their own, which was destroyed in the 4th and 5th centuries by the Christian clergy, so thoroughly that barely twenty lines of it survive in the history of Moses of Chorene.
		Eznik of Kolb wrote a "Refutation of the Sects", and Koryun the "History of the Life of St. Mesrop and of the Beginnings of Armenian Literature".
		As Armenian history of the 1920's and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhaness Shiraz began a new era of literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armenian_literature (1174 words)

	Armenian Apostolic Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Armenian Church officially severed ties with the West in 554, during the second Council of Dvin where the dyophysite formula of the Council of Chalcedon was rejected.
		The Armenian church instead adheres to the doctrine defened by Cyril of Alexandria, considered by as a saint by Chalcedonian churches as well and described Christ as being of one nature of Christ, where both divine and human nature are united.
		(The Armenian Apostolic Church should not be confused, however, with the Armenian Catholic Church, which is an Eastern Rite Catholic church under the authority of the Pope in Rome.) At present, the Catholicos of All Armenians is his Holiness Karekin II (sometimes spelled as Garegin), who resides in the city of Echmiadzin, west of Yerevan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church (719 words)

	UCLA NELC Courses in Armenian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Interdisciplinary investigation of rise and fall of unique form of Armenian polity established outside the homeland and examination of degree to which its social structure and cultural and aesthetic norms were impacted by those of the West (Byzantium, Western Europe) and East (Crusader states, Seljuqs, Mamluks, Mongols).
		Examination of role of literature in modern Armenian society in service to a cause or causes, as propaganda for various ideologies, as art for art s sake, etc. Exploration of contrasting aesthetics implicit in these differing interpretations.
		Overview of development of Armenian cinematography from first talkie to the present, with focus on work of most seminal directors from Armenian Republic, as well as various voices from worldwide diaspora.
	www.nelc.ucla.edu /Courses_Armenian.htm (846 words)

	Influence of the Alphabet
		Before the being of written Armenian, evidence points to the existence of a popular oral tradition with songs, poems, fables, legends and epics that were passed by memory from generation to generation.
		To do so, the literature must be painstakingly translated by creating Armenian words for borrowed concepts, rather than by inserting foreign words directly into the text.
		By the 11th and 12th centuries, however, the many Armenian village dialects had evolved to such a degree that Classical Armenian was considerably different from the vernacular dialects spoken by the people.
	www.armenianheritage.com /laalphef.htm (698 words)

	- Armenian Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Armenian Literature of the 19th and 20th Centuries.
		Intellectual and cultural trends reflected in Armenian literature, historiography, religious and philosophical thought.
		Armenian Literature of the Golden Age (A.D. 5th Century).
	www.registrar.ucla.edu /archive/catalog/1997_99/catalog-Armenian.html (138 words)

	The History of Art and Culture
		Modern Armenian, literature and the whole cultural life of Armenians have correspondingly grown in the twin manner described above.
		The East-Armenian literature and culture were more or less influenced also by the Russian and German culture and literature, while the West-Armenian was influenced by the French.
		Armenian was promoted to the status as the official language of the state.
	www.armenianheritage.com /ethistor.htm (481 words)

	Armenian Literature - Armeniapedia.org
		The Armenian literary tradition began early in the fifth century A.D. with religious tracts and histories of the Armenians.
		A secular literature developed in the early modern period, and in the eighteenth century Armenian Catholic monks of the Mekhitarist order began publishing ancient texts, modern histories, grammars, and literature.
		Armenian literature and drama often depict struggles against religious and ethnic oppression and the aspirations of Armenians for security and self-expression.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Armenian_Literature (547 words)

	A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500-1920 - Kevork B. Bardakjian
		Armenian literature is a body of work that goes back hundreds of years.
		Kevork Bardakjian, a scholar recognized for his expertise in Armenian literary culture, brings his knowledge of that corpus to fill a major gap in our understanding of this tradition.
		Kevork Bardakjian is Professor of Armenian Language and Literature in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at the University of Michigan.
	wsupress.wayne.edu /literature/armenian/bardakjianrgmal.htm (192 words)

	Armenian Diocese of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Until the beginning of the fifth century, Armenian was not a written language for the simple reason that it did not have its own alphabet.
		Sahag was ordained Catholicos in 387 and became one of the longest reigning heads of the Armenian Church, remaining in the office for fifty years.
		Armenian was the fifth language into which the Bible was translated, the first translation being in Greek, the second Egyptian, the third Syriac, the fourth Latin, which was finished in the year 405, almost at the time when the Armenian translation was begun.
	www.armenianchurch.ca /ourchurch.php?m=me (976 words)

	Armenian Church
		Located near the capital of Yerevan in the Republic of Armenia, it is composed of (a) the Mother Cathedral of the entire Armenian Church; (b) a monastery and monastic brotherhood; (c) the residence of the Catholicos of All Armenians; and (d) various religious and cultural institutions, such as the Kevorkian Theological Seminary and a museum.
		The chief bishop of the Armenian Church, called the Catholicos ("universal bishop"), is at the head of the Armenian Church hierarchy, and resides at Holy Etchmiadzin in Armenia.
		The Armenian Quarter covers 1/5 of the old city of Jerusalem and the Armenian Patriarchate is in charge of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher with the Greeks and Latins.
	www.armeniaemb.org /DiscoverArmenia/ArmenianChurch (1454 words)

	Armenian Dramatic Arts Alliance
		Literature would seem to be a low priority –– is a low priority.
		Armenians, even those who do not have a good command of the language (such as this writer) like to boast of the richness of Armenian literature – a literature of which most have no direct knowledge.
		Armenians feel slighted when the great cultures of the world are mentioned and ours is not included.
	www.armeniandrama.org /show.php?w=importanceoftranslation&a=0 (1252 words)

	2005 NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY
		The alphabet of Mesrob Mashtots gave birth to the Armenian written culture, with the establishment of schools, translation of the Bible and Christian literature, the Emergence of original Armenian literature and the formation of new classes of artisans, such as scribes, manuscript illuminators, parchmentmakers, chancery clercs and inscribers.
		Outside of Armenia (6), the oldest Armenian inscription dating from mid-sixth century was found in Jerusalem, on a mosaic pavement, measuring almost 260 feet in length, which was unearthed in 1894 near the Damascus gate of the old city.
		Armenian royal decrees, encyclicles of catholicoi, official decrees, decisions and orders, land deeds, texts of agreements or other miscellaneous archival documents on parchment or paper are not preserved from pre-seventeenth century period, except for a few dozens of royal decrees from Cilician Armenia.
	www.armenianprelacy.org /nra0504.htm (2979 words)

	Armenian Literature - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Armenian Literature - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Armenian Literature, works written in the Armenian language.
		Search for books about your topic, "Armenian Literature"
	encarta.msn.com /Armenian_Literature.html (146 words)

	A Brief Introduction to Armenian Christian Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		I chose this method of telling you something of the Armenian witness to Christ, because this literary aspect of the Christian tradition of the Armenians is often overlooked, owing to their tragic history especially in its latest phase during the first two decades of the present century.
		The revolutionary age in the Armenian history is not the fourth century which was opened in Armenia with the official acceptance of Christianity as the 'established' religion of the country and the State (sometime between A.D. 278 and 313).
		In fact, his expositions of the doctrine of the Armenian Church are the clearest and the soundest of all the treatises on the doctrinal position of the Armenian Church.
	ambarts.tripod.com /files/abrief.htm (14697 words)

	Critique
		Armenian writers who have given up writing in Armenian, specially when writing highly creative and personal works such as poetry, will never be able to express themselves completely and to the degree of depth that they need to express themselves, nor will they ever be understood to the degree they want to be understood.
		Armenian writers who have given up writing in Armenian, also cannot completely fulfill a very important role for the nation, which is to encourage others to preserve the Armenian language, culture and legacy, and not to become assimilated.
		As an Armenian one sometimes feels that he is some kind of a specimen of an endangered species in Baliozian's underground, secret, secluded laboratory, being analyzed and dissected, criticized, and then preserved in a jar for to be used later.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/armenian/literatu/critique.html (4068 words)

	Armenian Literature :: Faq
		Armenian Literature resources on http://www.stvartanbookstore.com include information about Armenian Language, and more.
		Different versions of harsaneek, also originally a `mom' or candle dance, come from various parts of the east, as do many exquisite forms of the women's solo improvisational style known as `naz bar', or `grace dance', on which are based the choreographed movements of dances such as archka yerezanke.
		Armenian Literature info: The armenian language is an independent member of the indo-european language that belongs to the western branch of the european-aryan family and traces its roots back to the time of armeno-phrygians, hayes, and urartians.
	www.stvartanbookstore.com /Armenian-Literaturee.html (224 words)

	Hovhannes Tumanyan - Biography
		Armenian poetry has a very rich ancient tradition, and its lyrical aspects are especially powerful.
		A renowned Armenian poet, Avetik Isahakyan (1875-1957) wrote about his contemporary, “Like a stream he descended from the wild mountains of the legendary Lori, bringing along the entire world of nature – splendid and diverse, and the ancient nation with its songs and speech, feelings and imagination.
		It is based on an Armenian tale from the Middle Ages that tells how a spilled drop of honey caused bloodshed between two people who lived in neighboring villages, and then – between those two villages, and then between states.
	armenianhouse.org /tumanyan/bio-en.html (3093 words)

	ARMENIAN HIGHLAND
		The revival of the Armenian alphabet in the Vth century ushered in a new Golden Age of Armenian Literature.
		For his efforts in saving from complete loss the Armenian alphabet that was replaced by Greek and Syriac prior to his renewal drive, Mesrop Matoc‛has been canonized by the Holy Apostolic Church of Armenia.
		The virtually lost Armenian Mehian [Mihrian -- named after the Armenian Solar deity and Armenian Mithraism that later spread throughout the Roman Empire] alphabet was kept by a few high priests in the ruins of destroyed and deserted pre-Christian National Wisdom Temples.
	www.armenianhighland.com /stmashtots/chronicle540.html (523 words)

	2005 NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY
		The Armenian alphabet had the specific purpose of conveying the Christian faith to the Armenian people in their own language rather than the alien languages of Greek or Syriac, the languages of the neighboring Christian people.
		Since I only have a short time and the amount of Christian literature produced is enormous, I can only give you today at best a glimpse of the rich treasures of early Armenian literature in the first few centuries after the creation of the alphabet.
		Given the threat that heresies posed to the early Armenian Christians, it is not surprising that one of the earliest surviving works of Armenian literature is in part a refutation of various heretical and pagan movements.
	www.armenianprelacy.org /nra0503.htm (2644 words)

	California State University, Fresno - <Armenian Studies Program- Program information>
		Courses in Armenian language and literature and in Armenian history and immigration are also offered under the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and the Department of History.
		Additionally, each year there are several "Research Grants" awarded by the Armenian Studies Program to students with a high GPA interested in carrying out research in Armenian history, art, or literature under the direction of a faculty member.
		History and development of Armenian architecture is presented in the context of early Christian architecture.
	armenianstudies.csufresno.edu /program.htm (1398 words)

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