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Topic: Armenian nobility

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	Nobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, knights or nobles were mounted warriors who swore allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him in exchange for allocation of land (usually together with serfs living there).
		Nobility in its most general and strict sense is an acknowledged preeminence that is hereditary, i.e., legitimate descendants (or all male descendants, in some societies) of nobles are nobles, unless explicitly stripped of the privilege.
		Nobles typically commanded resources, such as food, money, or labor, from common members or nobles of lower rank of their societies, and could exercise religious or political power over them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobleman (757 words)

	Armenian History
		This “ethnic cleansing” of the Armenians from their historical homeland led Raphael Lemkin, the father of the Genocide Treaty, to coin the new term of “genocide” in the 1930’s in order to describe this historical plight of the Assyrians and the Armenians as subjects of the first genocide of the 20th century.
		Most Armenians, under Dashnak leadership, however, had remained neutral or loyal to the regime and were rewarded by the shah, For the next quarter of the century Armenian fortunes rose in Iran, and Tehran, Tabriz, and Isfahan became major centers with some 250,000 Armenians.
		Armenian churches, schools, cultural centers, sports clubs and associations flourished and Armenians had their own senator and member of parliament, Thirty churches and some four dozen schools and libraries served the needs of the community.
	www.armenianteens.com /history.php (6586 words)

	The Armenians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Armenian tradition maintains that Christianity was introduced into Armenian lands by saints Bartholomew, an apostle, and Thaddeus, according to tradition one of the seventy disciples dispatched by Jesus (Lk 10.1).
		The Armenians agree with the Orthodox and differ from Rome in rejecting the filioque (and the Son) in the Nicean creed and the supremacy and infallibility of the pope.
		Armenian priests, as typical in the Eastern churches, are divided into the monastic and parish clergy, with all the hierarchs coming from the former group.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/armenian/papazian/armenians.html (6952 words)

	ARMENIANS (September 8, 1987)
		The Armenian Church is frequently considered by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches to be monophysite, along with the Coptic, Abyssinian, Syriac, and Indian churches, which as a group are often called the Lesser Orthodox Churches.
		This last Armenian kingdom fell in 1375; and the last Armenian king, Leo [Levon] V (VI), died in exile (1393) in France and is buried in the abbey church of Saint Denis, next to the tombs of the French kings to whom he was related.
		Yet, by 1913, government policies towards the Armenians changed in a positive direction, and a new era seemed to be dawning for the Armenians and the Armenian church in Russia.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/armenian/papazian/armenia.html (5610 words)

	Eddie Arnavoudian / Classical Literature
		The level of initial Armenian resistance and subsequent revolts, in 747-750 and 774-775, determined an effort 'to remove from the scene all the most powerful Armenian noble families and their armed forces.' (p 31) This ambition was reinforced by fears that the Armenian nobility would also 'act as agents for Greek armies' (p38).
		Without the Armenian alphabet that was developed by Mesrop Mashtots in the opening decade of the 5th century it is highly unlikely that Armenians would have survived with their distinct cultural tradition and national identity.
		The Armenian Church needed 'its own voice' with which 'to preach profitably to men and women and to the population as a whole.' (p31) A unique national, Armenian, alphabet was required that 'communicated with precision and completeness the entire phonetic range of the Armenian language' (p33).
	www.narek.com /EddieArnavoudian/Classical_Literature.htm (17206 words)

	NAGORNO KARABAKH: GANDZASAR MONASTERY
		Karabakhi locals believe that the monastery was founded on the place of a shrine containing the scull of St. John the Baptist, which was brought to the land of Artsakh directly from Palestine during the Crusades.
		At that time, the Armenian nobility of Artsakh maintained strong contacts with the royal families of the maritime Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as "Lesser Armenia"), which aided the Crusaders.
		A traditional domain of the Catholicos (archpriest) of the Eastern Territory of Armenia, Gandzasar Monastery is the center of Nagorno Karabakh's religious life and present-day seat of the Archbishop of Artsakh of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
	www.cilicia.com /Gandzasar.htm (566 words)

	UCLA \| Armenian Studies \| Resources
		Armenians saw in the Turkish strategy the logical continuation of the long-term policy to keep Armenia helpless and vulnerable and perhaps, at the convenient moment, to seize upon an excuse to eliminate even the little that was left of the historic Armenian territories.
		Georgian resentment of Armenian inroads found an effective response through the Georgian Menshevik Party, which during the period of the first Georgian republic, 1918-21, was able to utilize the mantle of internationalism and social and economic reforms to dispossess and neutralize the Armenians.
		For varying periods of time, Armenian schools were closed, the properties of the Armenian Apostolic Church were confiscated, and the tensions between differing racial and religious groups were exploited in the strategy of divide and rule, as was the case in the Armeno-Tatar conflict of 1905-07.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /history/centers/armenian/source106.html (9147 words)

	The Armenian Weekly Online: May 2001: Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The struggle of the Armenians to preserve their way of life involved several conflicts, known as the Vartanantz Wars; and they stretched over a period of time; and they culminated in the Treaty of Nvarsag, the forerunner of the Magna Carta.
		The national epic of the Armenians is David of Sassoun, a series of heroic tales that rival those of Homer and Vergil.
		If you don't speak, understand, read or write in Armenian; if you don't belong to any Armenian organizations; or attend Armenian political, cultural or social gatherings of the community; in short, if you only show up at church once in a blue moon, then you are at the bottom of the ladder and looking up.
	www.hairenik.com /armenianweekly/may/culture001.html (5357 words)

	IV/2 Cilician Armenian (1071-1375 AD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		During the period of Byzantine expansion circa 1000 AD, the Byzantines confiscated the lands of Armenian nobles in the east, and allowed them to relocate to lands seized from the Turks in "lesser Armenia" or Cilicia.
		Even then, the Armenian stronghold at Anazarba held out against the Mamluks until it was surrendered in 1428 AD (and later razed by the Seljuks in 1467 AD).
		Armenian nobility; classed in DBM as Irr Kn (F).
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/IV2.html (926 words)

	ARMENIAN HIGHLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Shadadian rule was overthrown several times (in 1124, 1161 and 1174) by the resurgent Armenian headed by the remnants of Armenian nobility in the East.
		A SECTION OF THE INTERIOR OF In 1878, the Russian army and Armenian volunteer fighters liberated the Kars province from the Turks.
		In 1919 the province of Kars formed part of the restored Armenian State - the Republic of Armenia - the First Republic, only to be yet again invaded and annexed by the Turks a year later.
	www.armenianhighland.com /ani/chronicle255.html (979 words)

	NAGORNO KARABAKH: GANDZASAR MONASTERY
		A symbol of Artsakh's Armenian statehood, word "Gandzasar" is translated from Armenian as "The Treasure Mountain" (with "gandz" meaning "treasure" and "sar" meaning "mountain").
		Overall, up to 150 Armenian stone-borne texts are found on the walls of the Cathedral.
		The Gandzasar Monastery is also known as the center of Armenian independence movement of the 18th century, initiated by the Armenian dukes (meliks) of Karabakh.
	www.nkr.am /arm/ethnic/Gandzasar.htm (346 words)

	Armenia & The Armenians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Some of the Armenian nobility carved out small baronies and principalities on Byzantine territory.
		Under prince Levon II (1187-1219) and subsequently under King Levon V of Lusignan, the principality was transformed into a kingdom which managed to survive for nearly 200 years.
		It was to be the last independent Armenian state until the 20th century...
	www.mousaler.com /armenia/data/conquest.html (168 words)

	Armenian Genocide Article \| ARMENIANS MAY AID ALLIES * RUSSIANS SAVE ARMENIANS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Colonel Mesrop Nevton Khan, a member of the Persian - Armenian nobility, says last night he would sail in a few days to join the Russian Army against Turkey, bearing to the Czar the offer of more than a thousand Armenians an America to join the ranks of the Allies against the Sultan.
		The Colonel, who is the head of the Armenian Colonial Association, spoke at the annual dinner of the New York branch of the Overseas Club at the Majestic Hotel on the anniversary of the birthday of Queen Victoria.
		The situation became so serious that the power of that Turkish officials would be held personally responsible for the outrages inflicted upon the Armenians.
	www.cilicia.com /armo10c-nyt19150525.html (371 words)

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