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Topic: Army Nuclear Power Program

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	Pressurized water reactor biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of nuclear power reactor that uses ordinary (light) water for both coolant and for neutron moderator.
		Nuclear fission produces neutrons that are too hot to trigger significant further fission within the reactor fuel.
		A disadvantage is that the reactor is succeptible to produce power at rates that result in damage to fuel cells in the event of introduction of cold water into the reactor or in the event the secondary system experiences a steam rupture.
	pressurized-water-reactor.biography.ms (883 words)

	SL-1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was intended to provide electrical power and heat for small, remote military facilities, such as radar sites near the Arctic Circle, such as those in the DEW Line.
		The ending of the nuclear reaction was caused solely by the design of the reactor and the basic physics of heated water and core elements vaporizing, separating the core elements and removing the moderator.
		While the tests had shown that nuclear power was likely to have lower total costs, the financial pressures of the Vietnam War caused the Army to favor lower initial costs and it abandoned its reactor program in 1965.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SL-1 (1834 words)

	Nuclear Power: An Option for the Army's Future
		Nuclear reactor technology could be used to generate the ultimate fuels for both vehicles and people: environmentally neutral hydrogen for equipment fuel and potable water for human consumption.
		In November 1963, an Army study submitted to the Department of Defense (DOD) proposed employing a military compact reactor (MCR) as the power source for a nuclear-powered energy depot, which was being considered as a means of producing synthetic fuels in a combat zone for use in military vehicles.
		Nuclear power is expected to grow in the 21st century, with potential benefits applicable to the military.
	www.almc.army.mil /alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm (3579 words)

	Pressurized water reactor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In having this secondary loop the PWR differs from the boiling water reactor (BWR), in which the primary coolant is allowed to boil in the reactor core and drive a turbine directly.
		This results in a stabilizing effect where increases in temperature cause decreases in reactor power, while decreases in temperature cause increases in reactor power.
		Reactor power in most commercial and military PWR's is controlled during normal power operations by varying the concentration of boron (in the form of boric acid) in the primary reactor coolant.
	ref.podzone.net /en/PWR.htm (1036 words)

	June 2005 Engineer Update
		In the 1960s, the military designed and built nuclear power plants that could be moved by air, erected quickly, and operated under adverse environmental conditions.
		The SM-1’s logbook proves that it was the first nuclear power reactor in the U.S. to provide electricity to a commercial power grid, beating the one that usually gets the credit, the General Electric plant in Shippensburg, Penn., by about two weeks.
		The Army estimated that a storage time of 50 years would be sufficient to allow most of the radioactive material to decay, making safe-store the safest and most cost-efficient method of decommissioning, according to Honerlah.
	www.hq.usace.army.mil /CEPA/PUBS/STORY16.HTM (824 words)

	Nuclear Power for Remote Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nuclear fission does not release any greenhouse gases, it does not produce any sulfur oxides or nitrogen oxides, and its fuel is in a solid form that will not spill during transportation.
		In fact, the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty explicitly states that one of its goals is for nations with nuclear expertise to share that expertise for peaceful applications with all signatories.
		The impact of nuclear power on remote areas can be as great as that of the Rural Electrification Commission that brought power and higher living standards to millions of Americans during the period beginning during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
	www.atomicengines.com /distributed.html (2307 words)

	SL-1 - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The SL-1 was an U.S. experimental military nuclear power reactor that was part of the Army Nuclear Power Program.
		It was designed to provide electrical power and heat for small, remote military facilities, such as radar sites near the Arctic Circle.
		The ending of the nuclear reaction was caused solely by the design of the reactor and the basic physics of water turning to steam and its moderator removal effect.
	www.iridis.com /SL-1 (684 words)

	Active Duty Military Army Navy Air Force Marines Coast Guard Reserves Veterans
		Iran's controversial bid to generate nuclear power at its plant being built at Bushehr is seen by arch-enemies Israel and the United States as a cover for nuclear weapons development.
		Their twin object is to produce enough enriched uranium for the manufacture of nuclear bombs and warheads by the latter half of 2005, also completing the development of dependable engines for their ballistic missiles in the same time frame.
		“Nuclear weapons are incredibly dangerous and when you couple the Iranian nuclear programme with their aggressive efforts to expand the range of their ballistic missiles, they are bringing more and more of our friends and allies within range.
	www.active-duty.com /MI_Iran_News_Events.htm (7447 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Programs - Brazil
		It developed a modest nuclear power program, enrichment facilities (including a large ultracentrifuge enrichment plant and several laboratory-scale facilities), a limited reprocessing capability, a missile program, a uranium mining and processing industry, and fuel fabrication facilities.
		The operation of pressurized light water reactors (PWR) adopted by Brazil for the generation of nuclear power in the Country use uranium that should be slightly enriched, that is, the light isotope uranium 235 that occurs in natural uranium with a proportion of 0.72%, should be enriched by 3.5%.
		The most important nuclear accord between Brazil and Argentina was signed on December 13, 1991, in a meeting attended by Presidents Collor de Mello and Menem at the headquarters of the IAEA in Vienna.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/brazil/nuke.htm (3628 words)

	Swiss Nuclear Program
		The accession to the Moscow agreement of 5 August 1963, on the interdict on nuclear arms experiments in the air, in space and under water, did not contradict the clarifications for the event of a possible Swiss nuclear armament.
		Thereby, a contradiction had arisen between the federal aim of equipping the army with nuclear arms, declared in 1958 and never recalled, and the feasible minimum option in view of rigorous constraints.
		This aimed solely at procuring, until 15 years later, 400 nuclear warheads for the existing fighter aircraft, for the missile launchers and for a guided missile system that was still to be acquired.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Library/Swissdoc.html (4232 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group I1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This history examines the development of the United States Army's nuclear power program from its inception, through the development and operation of six small nuclear power plants throughout the Western Hemisphere, to its evolution into a military support agency.
		Separate chapters are devoted to Fort Greely, the nuclear program at the height of its success and accomplishment, and its subsequent decline and transitional period.
		Suid provides a step-by-step analysis of the feasibility of developing nuclear power and the acquisition of technology needed to generate electricity from the atom, explaining that President Harry S. Truman envisioned atomic energy as a supplement to power derived from coal, oil, and falling water.
	info.greenwood.com /books/0313272/0313272263.html (434 words)

	AEI: August 1996, MH-1A: First Nuclear Power Barge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Army Nuclear Power program recognized the potential benefits of putting a nuclear power plant on a water mobile platform in the early 1960s.
		MH-1A's power replaced the output of a hydroelectric plant, allowing the water from Gatun Lake to be used to fill Canal locks instead of being used to produce electricity.
		Like most nuclear plant retirements, the actual situation that resulted in its retirement was the need for a relatively minor system update that might have been completed had it been one of many plants.
	www.atomicinsights.com /aug96/MH-1A.html (409 words)

	AEI: November 1995, Letter From Editor
		Though the Army was the lead service in the small reactor program, it was actually a tri-service program that included participation by both the Navy and the Air Force.
		He told me back in 1980 that he wished that the nuclear power program was still an option for West Point graduates, but that the program had been eliminated.
		The nuclear power supply enabled the men stationed at Camp Century to have sufficient electricity for entertainment and cooking, hot and cold running water, and cozy warm bunks.
	www.atomicinsights.com /nov95/le_Nov95.html (945 words)

	Army Nuclear Power Program biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The US Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program to develop small PWR and BWR nuclear power reactors for use in remote sites.
		Fort Belvoir, VA, first criticality 1957 (several months before the Shippingport reactor) and the first nuclear power plant to be connected to an electrical grid.
		Of the eight built in all, six produced operationally useful power for an extended period.
	army-nuclear-power-program.biography.ms (193 words)

	NucNews - June 25, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to the PBD, the new BMDO program is focused on five projects, each with its own funding line: $776 million for a ballistic missile defense project; $968 million for a terminal defense project; $3.9 billion for a midcourse defense project; $683 million for a boost-phase defense project; and $495 million for a sensors project.
		And though space-based nuclear power may be on the brink of a return to the political spotlight, it is also an idea with an uncertain future.
		The mayors' interest in nuclear policy is significant in light of the Bush administration considering a proposal for deep cuts in U.S. arsenals down to 1000 warheads, the upcoming nuclear posture review, and the White House's interest in framing a new post-Cold War nuclear policy.
	nucnews.net /nucnews/2001nn/0106nn/010625nn.htm (20017 words)

	NucNews - October 22, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iran, which is pursuing a 30-year-old plan to develop nuclear power, insists that it cannot rely on Western fuel guarantees, pointing to the embargo that followed the country's 1979 Islamic revolution.
		The initial goal for Brazil's uranium enrichment program is to achieve self-sufficiency in supplying fuel for its own nuclear power plants, which would allow it to save the $14 million annually that is currently spent on importing fuel.
		The construction of a third nuclear power plant, currently under study by the government, would increase domestic demand to a scale that would make it economically viable to carry out the entire nuclear cycle, from mining to enriching the uranium for use as fuel, right in Brazil.
	nucnews.net /nucnews/2004nn/0410nn/041022nn.htm (20484 words)

	SL-1 Accident - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
		A careful examination of the remains of the core and the vessel concluded that the control rod was manually withdrawn by about 50 centimeters (40 centimeters would have been enough to make the reactor critical), largely increasing the reactivity.
		The resulting power surge caused the reactor power to reach 20,000MW in about.01 seconds, causing the plate-type fuel to melt.
		The men killed in the incident were two Army Specialists, John Byrnes, age 25 and Richard McKinley, age 22, and Richard Legg, a 25 year old Navy Electricians Mate.
	www.radiationworks.com /sl1reactor.htm (665 words)

	Dr. Forrest (Jack) Agee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He plans, coordinates and executes a research program conducted by the country's most eminent scientists in academia, industry, and in Air Force laboratories.
		In 1993, Dr. Agee began his association with the Air Force in the directed energy program at the Phillips Laboratory by leading the research and development program in high power microwave sources.
		Agee's principal fields of interest are pulsed power, microwave generation, nuclear physics, plasma physics and electromagnetics.
	www.afosr.af.mil /pages/afragee.htm (5563 words)

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