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Topic: Arnault de Zwolle

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	Instrumentos antiguos de teclado
		Su sonido es mucho más tenue que el de un laúd renacentista, debido a su mecanismo de producción del sonido que consiste en una chapita de metal (la tangente) montada sobre la parte trasera de la tecla, que percute la cuerda que suena mientras la tangente se mantiene en contacto con ella.
		Según la iconografía, y algunas descripciones de la época (entre ellas las de Henri Arnault de Zwolle con dibujos del mecanismo, disposición del encordado y teclado, de 1436) consiste en un salterio dotado de un mecanismo con teclado, similar al del órgano y el clavicordio, que tañe la cuerda por medio de un plectro.
		Se conservan algunos instrumentos, incluso de Cristofori, que combinan registros de clave (con su mecanismo propio) y un registro adicional de martillos, es decir un clave-pianoforte.
	ar.geocities.com /leopoldoperezrobledo/instrumentos_antiguos_de_teclado.html (1841 words)

	Harpsichord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was a time in which advances in clockwork and other forms of early pre-modern machinery were being made and thus a likely time for the invention of those mechanical aspects that distinguish a harpsichord from a psaltery.
		Concertos for the instrument were written by Francis Poulenc (the Concert champêtre), Manuel de Falla and, later, Henryk Górecki.
		Bohuslav Martinů wrote both a concerto and a sonata for it, and Elliott Carter's Double Concerto is for harpsichord, piano and two chamber orchestras.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harpsichord (2325 words)

	Evolución y funcionamiento del piano 001
		De este modo se consigue de un carángano una cítara tubular si se cortan de la caña de bambú varias fibras, que luego se separan del tronco del modo antedicho.
		Estas cítaras tienen, en la mayoría de los casos, una encordatura de material diferente, con lo cual se consigue un mejor sonido.
		La pieza de madera, que incorporaba un peso de plomo, caía en su posición original en el extremo de la tecla.
	www.iespana.es /areapiano/Evolucion%20y%20funcionamiento%20del%20piano%20001.htm (1563 words)

	Historia de los Instrumentos elaborados por Jose L. España
		Por ejemplo, un Laúd de Laux Maahler, que se construyó en Bolonia en 1520 con seis órdenes pudo haberse cambiado a siete órdenes al final de los 1500, en 1620, en París se aumentó a diez órdenes con una mayor longitud de cuerdas (nuevo mástil).
		La trastapa del instrumento es de forma plana con una inclinación a través de un quiebre en los hombros del instrumento.
		De aquí que la hipotesis del origen cremones del violin, por obre de Andrea Amati nos parece la mas acertada.
	joseluthier.galeon.com /datos.htm (890 words)

	Clavicémbalo
		El clavicémbalo es un instrumento de tecla y de cuerdas pinzadas, sus cuerdas están dispuestas horizontalmente, su mecanismo consiste en que, al ser oprimida cada tecla, se levantan unas pequeñas piezas de madera denominadas en francés SAUTEREAUX provistos de plectros.
		Podía añadirse un juego de cuerdas adicional afinado a la octava superior; podríamos compararlo al uso de los registros de cuatro o dieciséis pies del órgano.
		Tiene generalmente forma rectangular por lo cual es sólo una caja de tamaño variable para poner sobre una mesa, aunque a veces se sostiene sobre un armazón de cuatro patas.Las cuerdas son paralelas al teclado.
	html.rincondelvago.com /clavicembalo.html (1008 words)

	Zwolle - netlexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Zwolle [ˈzvɔlɘ] ist die Hauptstadt der niederländischen Provinz Overijssel.
		Zwolle liegt im Mündungsgebiet von Vecht und IJssel am Zwarte Water, und an der Eisenbahn und Autobahn Amsterdam/Utrecht-Groningen.
		Der Deutsche Stadt Lünen ist seit 1963 die Partnerstadt von Zwolle.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Zwolle.html (174 words)

	clave
		Ja de bon començament, a més d’utilitzar-se com a instrument solista de teclat, fou emprat com a element essencial en la música de cambra, orquestral i d’òpera.
		Podia afegir-s’hi un joc de cordes addicional afinat a l’octava superior i, llavors, podria comparar-se a l’ús dels registres de quatre o setze peus d’orgue.
		Altrament, en l’espineta les cordes arrenquen des de l’executant amb un angle de 451 en relació al teclat.
	www.ctv.es /USERS/cuter/clave.htm (1015 words)

	clave
		Otra referencia acerca de este instrumento aparece en 1404 en una miniatura de las TRES BELLES HEURES DU DUC DE BERNY (1485) y fué descrito por HENRI- ARNAULT DE ZWOLLE con tres tipos de mecanismos mas uno para las dulcimeas.
		Es interesante hacer notar que muchos de los claves que se conservan en los museos, eran fabricados por aficionados, los cuales construían con frecuencia sus propios instrumentos y seguían sus propias directrices, de donde procede la gran variedad de formas.
		Hubo también los famosos constructores de claves como la familia RUCKERS en Flandes, dinastía de constructores de clavicémbalos en Amberes cuyos comienzos fueron en 1579 y duraron un siglo.
	www.ctv.es /USERS/cuter/espclave.htm (977 words)

	Arnault de Zwolle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive.
		Over US$175,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		Henri Arnault de Zwolle was an attendant to the Duke of Burgundy.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Arnault_de_Zwolle (86 words)

	Bibliographie du personnel enseignant, antérieure
		Les exigences de l'article 80 de l'Acte de l'Amérique du Nord britannique de 1867.
		De l'analyse de la société à celle du territoire.
		Commission des écoles catholiques de Montréal Bureau de ressources en développement pédagogique et en consultation personnelle.
	www.fl.ulaval.ca /lettres/biblante.htm (6577 words)

	Re: plectrum and lute
		I play a five course lute after the Arnault of Zwolle, c.1450 drawing in the B.N. Paris.
		Zwolle was the astrologer and physician to Philip the Good of Burgundy.
		His drawing contains some interesting views on the geometry of the lute plan which results in a round, apple-shaped lute with a longer thin neck.
	www.mail-archive.com /lute@cs.dartmouth.edu/msg04800.html (560 words)

	LEOPOLDO PEREZ ROBLEDO
		Por favor, contáctenos consultando por precios CIP (instrumentos entregados con los costos de flete y seguro pagos hasta cualquier aeropuerto del mundo).
		Cembalo primigenio según plano de Henri Arnault de Zwolle, 1436
		de 8', 8' (c'-c'''), 4', 2', 2/3' y 1/2'
	ar.geocities.com /leopoldoperezrobledo/lpr_precios.html (587 words)

	Mémorial de la Ville de Gand - Inhoud
		Canal de Terneuzen 452, 468, 485, 487, 489,490, 493, 500, 509, 513
		De Broglie 216, 244, 275, 302, 310, 323, 328,329, 346, 352, 354, 397, 401, 404, 405, 521
		De Lens 298, 308, 312, 314, 328, 338, 341, 343,350, 356, 371, 375, 385, 398, 402, 412, 425, 437,448, 458, 461, 526
	www.heruitgeverij.be /042ind.htm (2820 words)

	Search Result: Zwolle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		De doorwerking van de moderne devotie, Windesheim 1387-1987: Voordrachten gehouden tijdens het Windesheim Symposium, Zwolle/Windesheim 15-17 oktober 1987
		Les traitÃ©s d'Henri-Arnault de Zwolle et de divers anonymes (Paris: BibliothÃ¨que nationale, MS.
		Are the Boers hostile to mission work?: An address given at Zwolle (Holland), 18th October, 1900, to the Ministers' Missionary Association of the provinces of Overijsel and Drente
	www.oldhouseweb.com /emporium/content.php?SearchMode=books&Search=1&SearchType=keyword&SearchKeyword=Zwolle (198 words)

	Koninklijke Onderscheidingen Vrijdag 27 april 2001 nummer 81
		Kooijman, voorheen hoofd van de Fiscale Afdeling bij de Koninklijke/Shell Groep, wonende te Den Haag.
		J.W.J. de Jong, secretaris van de afdeling Utrecht van de Vereniging van Kerkvoogdijen in de Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, tevens mede-oprichter en secretaris van de Stichting tot behoud van kerkelijke gebouwen, wonende te Leusden;
		F.P. de Waal, oud-organist/dirigent van de Willibrorduskerk te Ossenisse en organist van de parochie Ter Duinen, wonende te Kloosterzande (gem.
	www.sdu.nl /staatscourant/sc20010427/pers3.htm (6304 words)

	Bridge Pins of Harpsichords
		But, the first detailed representation of a keyboard plucked instrument, that of Henri Arnault of Zwolle in 1440, shows the strings angling sharply at the bridge line, so sharply that a pin must have been used at this point rather than a notch, although Arnault does not show one.
		In surviving old northern harpsichords, this pin was placed a significant distance inside the bridge or nut; in Italian instruments it remained in the position apparently shown by Arnault, tight against the bridge peak.
		Viewing the system from the top, the string was held against the pin by the position of the hitch pin, which forced the string to change angle at the pin by about 0.1 radian.
	www.sankey.ws /string.html (2083 words)

	Civilization.ca - The making of musical instruments in Canada - Aesthetics - Trio sonata
		The earliest evidence of an instrument of this type is from 1397, when a Paduan lawyer wrote that Hermann Poll claimed to have invented the clavicembalum.
		As of the late fifteenth century, the harpsichord is depicted in a number of paintings and described in several manuscripts, in particular that of Henri Arnault de Zwolle.
		A graduate in harpsichord performance from the Université de Montreal, he made his first instrument on his own.
	www.warmuseum.ca /arts/opus/opus412e.html (585 words)

	Harpsichord -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This was a time in which advances in (Any mechanism of geared wheels that is driven by a coiled spring; resembles the works of a mechanical clock) clockwork and other forms of machinery were being made, and thus a likely time for the invention of those mechanical aspects that distinguish a harpsichord from a psaltery.
		A (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin (Handwritten book or document) manuscript work on musical instruments by Henri (Click link for more info and facts about Arnault de Zwolle) Arnault de Zwolle, c.
		(A composition for orchestra and a soloist) Concertos for the instrument were written by (French composer (1899-1963)) Francis Poulenc (the Concert champêtre), (Spanish composer and pianist (1876-1946)) Manuel de Falla and, later, (Click link for more info and facts about Henryk Górecki) Henryk Górecki.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/harpsichord.htm (3017 words)

	Facsimiles of Medieval Resources Available at UNC
		Facsimile of the Sketch-book of Wilars de Honecort, an Architect of the Thirteenth Century.
		De inquisitione vel inventione Sanctae Crucis que inventae fuerunt.
		Pol de Limbourg, Jean de Limbourg, Herman de Limbourg, and Jean Colombe; commissioned by Jean de France, duc de Berry.
	www.unc.edu /~bmize/facsimiles.html (4644 words)

	Zeal.com - United States - New - Entertainment - Music - Genres - Classical - Periods - Early Music - Renaissance - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Read about this short-lived, smaller version of the marine trumpet, which added a second string half as long as the first one, and the peculiar way it was played.
		View a pic and read about the construction of a copy of one of the earliest string keyboards, from the early 15th c., based on a manuscript by Arnault de Zwolle.
		Presents this bowed stringed instrument whose design is based on a "fiedel" depicted in a panel painting kept in the Memling Museum, in Bruges.
	live.looksmart.com /category/preview.jhtml?cid=10082527 (718 words)

	Anonyme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Protestation devant les libertaires du prÃÂ©sent et du futur sur les capitulations de 1937
		MÃÂ©moires et souvenirs d'une femme de qualitÃÂ© sur le Consulat et l'Empire
		MÃÂ©moires de Miss Coote : Exploits d'une fouetteuse britannique racontÃÂ©s par elle-mÃÂªme
	www.interference.com /webstore/us/books/author/Anonyme-8.htm (38 words)

	Websters Instrument Makers Database - Letter A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		the WHI and NMM quadrants have de Roias projections on the reverse; they could be by Andrew Wakely, Abraham Washington or Abraham Watlington; Bryden attributes them to Watlington as they are so similar to a signed instrument in the BM.
		de la Société des Arts et Sciences; succeeded by his son; see Bourbon and Assier-Perricat.
		Rooseboom 1; Daumas 1; Zinner 1; RSW; G.L'E. Turner 7; USNM; Evans 1; de Rijk; Mörzer Bruyns 1 and 2.
	www.adlerplanetarium.org /history/websters/a.htm (7164 words)

	Arnault_eng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The instrument is based on a manuscript by Henri Arnault de Zwolle (c.1400-1466), which is the earliest detailed description of a clavichord.
		1440, when Arnault was employed as physician and astronomer for Phillip The Good, Duke of Burgundy.
		The Robertsbridge codex and that of Faenza, the Buxheimer Orgelbuch and the preludes of Adam Ileborg are magnificent repertoire, seldom possible for a modern musician to try on a more authentic instrument than the Arnault clavichord.
	www.siba.fi /klavikordiseura/kuvalinkit/arnaut-korhonen_eng.html (402 words)

	Russell Collection of Early Keyboard Instruments
		This batten, drawn to have the same dimensions as those of the Yale Bolcioni, is shown shaded in in the reconstructed keywell section shown below in Figure 2 of this paper.
		Since no intelligent maker of the historical period would put such a heavy bar underneath a soundboard intended to have a light 4' bridge above it, this is further evidence that there was never a 4' register on the instrument.
		The1629 Bolcioni virginal in Munich (see footnote 19), the 1629 virginal signed "Viti de Trasuntinis 1601" in the Musée de la Musique, Paris, number 980.2.x, and attributed by Denzil Wraight to Bolcioni (see footnote 18), and the 1641 Bolcioni virginal in Leipzig all have a broken short octave in the bass with split D/F
	www.music.ed.ac.uk /russell/instruments/ht1sb16274/paper1.html (9291 words)

	Civilization.ca - The making of musical instruments in Canada - Making instruments
		Some details of manufacture are provided through instruments that have been preserved, and through various writings.
		For example, a mid-fifteenth-century manuscript by Henri Arnault de Zwolle, a physician and astrologer employed by the Duke of Burgundy, contains descriptions and drawings of some musical instruments of the period.
		Among a number of sixteenth-century books is the major three-volume treatise Syntagma Musicum, by German composer Michael Praetorius; the second volume, De Organographia, gives numerous details on the instruments of the time.
	www.civilization.ca /arts/opus/opus201e.html (787 words)

	[No title]
		There is no evidence that this problem ever arose for the white keys (i.e., say, that the B key might have been tuned as a Pythagorean Cb).
		One case of such a tuning is the one that Arnault de Zwolle attributes to an unidentified "Baudecetus".
		Whether Victor's "field" should or could be defined as "semantic" in the case of his figures 1 to 4 must be considered in view of the fact that the notion of "semantic field" is not new.
	www.societymusictheory.org /mto/mto-talk/mto-talk.oct96 (17137 words)

	[No title]
		To get an idea of what a thirteenth \par century guitar may have looked like, you might consult one of \par the manuscripts of the _Cantigas de Santa Maria_ collected by \par Alfonso X (who was, interestingly, also known as [spelling very \par approximate] Alfonso el Sabia).
		It would be nearly impossible to bow \par a psaltry designed for plucking; most of the notes would be completely \par inaccessible unless you had a teeny, tiny bow (shorter than the space \par between two strings).
		\par \par \tab Dating from around the middle of the fifteenth century, there \par is a manuscript by Henri Arnault de Zwolle, which in his description \par of the _Dulce_melos_ (a keyboard dulcimer remarkably similar in \par concept to the early german fortepiani) mentions the existence of the \par hammered dulcimer.
	www.florilegium.org /files/PERFORMANCE-ARTS/instruments-msg.rtf (17878 words)

	Some Lute History
		Petrus de Abano: Commentary on the Problemata of Aristotle (1482).
		Attributed to Albrecht Durer, in Sebastian Brant: Narrenschiff, 1494.
		Francesco Spinacino: Intabolatura de Lauto, Petrucci, Venice, 1507.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~orpheus/history.htm (187 words)

	HEBREW UNIVERSITY MOUNT SCOPUS LIBRARY-BROWSE LIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Les traitements des fonctionnaires et leur Determinaiton 1930-1957
		Traites de poetique et de rhetorique de la Renaissance :
		Les traites d'Henri-Arnault de Zwolle et de divers anonymes :
	v-har1.huji.ac.il /ALEPH/ENG/JMS/JMS/JMS/SCAN-R/3166428 (62 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It depicts a woman holding two dulcimer hammers between her middle and ring fingers apparently simultaneously striking and plucking the strings of an instrument which is a horizontal box with 10 string.
		Dating from around the middle of the fifteenth century, there is a manuscript by Henri Arnault de Zwolle, which in his description of the _Dulce_melos_ (a keyboard dulcimer remarkably similar in concept to the early german fortepiani) mentions the existence of the hammered dulcimer.
		As you have refered to a source from Spain in the 12th century, I would recommend you look to the Cantigas de Santa Maria, Escorial J.b.2, a manuscript of poems dating from C. 1270 by King Alfonso X of Spain.
	www.florilegium.org /files/PERFORMANCE-ARTS/instruments-msg.text (17234 words)

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