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	Arnold of Brescia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Arnold became sharply critical of the church, declaring that secular powers only ought to hold property; he opposed the possession of property by the church because he believed it was being tainted by its temporal power.
		Arnold was attracted to their cause and became their leader, eloquently pleading for liberty and democratic rights.
		Arnold was excommunicated by the pope in 1148 but continued to head the republican city-state even after Eugene III was permitted to reenter Rome.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ar/ArnoldBr.html (310 words)

	Arnold - LoveToKnow 1911
		During the schism of Anacletus (1131-1137) the town of Brescia was torn by the struggles between the partisans of Pope Innocent II.
		Arnold, after returning to Rome, immediately began a campaign of virulent denunciation against the Roman clergy, and, in particular, against the Curia, which he stigmatized as a " house of merchandise and den of thieves." His enemies have attributed to him certain doctrinal heresies, but their accusations do not bear examination.
		anathematized Arnold and his adherents; but when, a short time afterwards, the pope, through the support of the king of Naples and the king of France, succeeded in entering Rome, Arnold remained in the town unmolested, under the protection of the senate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Arnold (845 words)

	Arnold of Brescia - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Brescia (ancient Brixia), city, northern Italy, capital of Brescia Province, in Lombardy (Lombardia) Region, on a fertile plain at the foot of the...
		Born at Brescia towards the end of the eleventh century, date of death uncertain...
		Arnold of Brescia A rebel from the beginning of his ecclesiastical career, Arnold of Brescia was born c.
	encarta.msn.com /Arnold_of_Brescia.html (222 words)

	ARNOLD OF BRESCIA
		After studying theology in Paris, where he may have come under the influence of the French philosopher and theologian Peter Abelard, he returned to Brescia and preached against the corruption and greed of the Roman Catholic clergy.
		Opposed to the ownership of land by the church, he led the citizens of Brescia in rebellion against the authority of Pope Innocent II (r.
		Accused by St. Bernard of Clairvaux of being a follower of Abelard, Arnold was condemned by the Council of Sens in 1140 and forced into exile in Zürich.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=201531 (444 words)

	brescia.eu
		Brescia (Lombard: Breha) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy, between the Mella and the Naviglio, with a population of around 190,000.
		Memorable is also the siege laid to Brescia by the emperor Frederick II in 1238 on account of the part taken by this city in the battle of Cortenova (27 November 1237).
		Brescia is the start and the arrival of the historical car race Mille Miglia that takes place every year in May. It is also the home of Brescia Calcio football club and Rugby Leonessa 1928.
	www.brescia.eu (1289 words)

	Arnold of Brescia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arnold of Brescia, (Brescia, ca 1090 – Rome, 1155), was a monk from Italy who participated in the Commune of Rome and started the subsequent rebellion.
		As a young priest, accordinmg to the chronicler Otto of Freisingen, Arnold studied in Paris under the tutelage of reformer and poet, Pierre Abélard.
		Arnold stood alone against the church's decision after Abélard's capitulation and was then exiled by Pope Innocent II as a consequence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arnold_of_Brescia (406 words)

	Arnold of Brescia
		Aspiring to a perfect life, Arnold at a tender age entered a convent of canons regular in his native city where he was ordained a priest and appointed prior or provost of his community.
		He was fitted for this high office by the austerity of his life, his detachment from earthly things, his love of religious discipline, the clearness of his intellect, and an originality and charm of expression that he brought to the service of a lofty ideal.
		Arnold, compelled to flee, took refuge in Switzerland and fixed his abode at Zurich in the Diocese of Constance.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/arnold_of_brescia.html (2224 words)

	Brescia
		Memorable in the history of these conflicts is the siege laid to Brescia by Frederick II in 1238 on account of the part taken by this city in the battle of Cortenova (27 November, 1237).
		The Bishop of Brescia is suffragan to the Archbishop of Milan.
		During the reign of Hadrian, Brescia was the scene of the martyrdom of Sts.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/brescia.html (1205 words)

	Brescia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brescia is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy with a population of around 200,000.
		The ancient city of Brixia, Brescia has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times and a number of Roman and medieval monuments are preserved, among which is the prominent castle.
		Brescia is the start and the arrival of the historical car race Mille Miglia that takes place every year in May. It is also the home of Brescia Calcio football club and Rugby Leonessa 1928.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brescia (293 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Arnold of Brescia
		Brescia yielded to his powerful influence, and in the course of some years Arnold was placed at the head of the reform movement then stirring the city.
		Brescia passed through an alarming crisis, the various phases of which, owing to the brevity and obscurity of the documents at our disposal, can be but vaguely traced.
		Silence and exile were the penalties imposed on Arnold, and he was forbidden to return to Brescia without the express permission of the sovereign pontiff.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01747b.htm (2270 words)

	Arnold of Brescia Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Arnold went to France, where he became involved in the conflict between Bernard of Clairvaux and Peter Abelard, taking the side of the latter and possibly becoming his student.
		Amid this antipapal turmoil, Arnold's intention to submit to Church authority evaporated, and he began preaching to the populace, calling for an end to clerical corruption and papal politics and for a total reform of the Church.
		Arnold's fortunes were tied to those of the republic; from it he received political protection, and to it he gave his learning, eloquence, and following.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-arnold-of-brescia/index.html (593 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At Bernard's urging, Louis VII expelled Arnold from Paris, where he had continued to preach in spite of Innocent II's order that Arnold be confined to a monastery.
		Arnold was eventually reconciled with the papacy in the person of Eugene III, who later excommunicated him for his participation in an uprising that restored the Roman republic in 1148.
		Arnold was hanged; his body was burned; and his ashes were scattered over the Tiber.
	www2.evansville.edu /ECOLEWEB/glossary/arnold.html (296 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		Arnold was a native of Brescia in Lombardy, and an ordained reader in the Church.
		Arnold’s was a voice of protest against the secular aims of the papacy and the worldliness of the clergy which still has its hearers.
		Arnold’s political scheme of restoring the Roman republic was revived two hundred years later by Cola di Rienzi (1347), but with no better success; for Rienzi was murdered, his body burnt, and the ashes were scattered to the winds (1354).
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/5_ch04.htm (15787 words)

	Christianity, Anti-Papal Movement
		Arnold dreamed of a great Christian republic and labored to establish it,
		Arnold's discourses were directly calculated by their tendency to find
		Arnold, moreover, is said to have bound himself by an oath to obey this
	history-world.org /ANTIPAPA.htm (4666 words)

	TBE ASNOLDIST8
		This unhappy man seems not to have adopted any doctrine inconsistent with the spirit of true religion; and the principles upon which he acted were chiefly reprehensible from their being carried too far, and executed with a degree of vehemence which was as criminal as it was imprudent.
		To the charge that Arnold was turbulent and a creator of mobs and other disorders, the reader must bear in mind that any one, on behalf of liberty and a pure church, could not then speak out against such evils as he protested without being so charged.
		Arnold is represented in a preaching attitude; his gigantic figure being that of a monk, in a long robe with graceful folds.
	www.homestead.com /sglblibrary/files/Jarrel/JarrelChapter15.htm (2110 words)

	Encyclopedia: Arnold of Brescia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Commune of Rome was briefly established by Arnold of Brescia in the Middle Ages.
		Arnold of Brescia, (1090-1155), was a monk from Italy who participated in the Commune of Rome and started the subsequent rebellion.
		Arnold's life was later used by the Reformational authorities and advocates of later Roman communes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Arnold_of_Brescia (1292 words)

	Italian Lakes - Brescia
		Brescia's streets, too, though narrow enough to the apprehension of any one coming from newer worlds, are nevertheless wider than those of lofty Bergamo.
		The municipal centre of Brescia is the Piazza Vecchia.
		Arnold showed his interest in this cause by addressing the citizens on the Capitol hill and in their popular assemblies, although he does not appear to have been either the originator nor at first the leader of the revolution, but only associated himself with a movement he found already established.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/italian-lakes-26.shtml (1222 words)

	Notes to The Peasant War in Germany by Frederick Engels
		Arnold of Brescia — Made the first serious attempt to reform the Catholic Church as early as the middle of the Twelfth Century.
		Arnold of Brescia was born between 1100 and 1110 in Brescia, Italy.
		Arnold of Brescia was compelled to flee to Paris.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/notes.htm (7721 words)

	Charlie's Heretics History Tour - Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Followers of Arnold of Brescia staged an uprising which drove Pope Eugenius from the city and put Arnold in power.
		Arnold and his allies were able to resist the pope's forces and remain in power another 5 years.
		Pope Hadrian IV enlisted the help of Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany to conquer Arnold of Brescia and his fellow heretics who had been holding power in Rome for 9 years.
	www.geocities.com /charliek.geo/rome.html (228 words)

	Research Results For Brescia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		She was born in 1942 at Brescia, Lombardy.
		Brescia is an historic industrial city in northern Italy 84 km east of Milan.
		It is played in the province of Brescia and the technical terms are given in the dialect of Brescia.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Brescia&offset=0 (452 words)

	Eureka -- Vol 3-- Chap 12 -- sec 29
		Arnold, who had withdrawn from Rome during this extraordinary insurrection, hearing of the escape of the newly-elected pope, repaired once more to the city, and animated with fresh vigor the energies of the populace.
		The presence of Arnold and his witnessing brethren in the very face, as it were of "the god of the earth" was the cause of all this tumult.
		Arnold's friends, who were numerous, separated themselves from communion with the pope's church, and by the name of Arnoldists long continued to bear their testimony against its numerous abominations, as another of "the remnants of the woman's seed".
	www.west.net /~antipas/eureka/eureka_3/c12_s29.html (4094 words)

	Short History of the Baptists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Arnold was no theologian, but a man full of zeal for a reformation of the church in its life, rather than in its doctrine and organization.
		Arnold has been claimed as a Baptist; but he is also claimed by others as belonging to them—indeed, two of his latest biographers are Roman Catholics, who hold that he taught nothing inconsistent with the Catholic doctrine of his day, and was never condemned as a heretic.
		To study the career of Arnold and its unhappy end one would conclude that it was simply a revolutionary episode in the turbulent age in which he lived.
	www.reformedreader.org /history/vedder/ch07.htm (4353 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		During the 1140s in Rome, a populist and grandiose political coup declared a Roman republic, attempted to relieve the papacy of its secular arm (by barring the pope and cardinals from the city), and embraced a renewal of both the old Roman ideology (the senatus Romani restored) and of primitive Christian, apostolic values.
		Their views on the rejection of the Church's temporal power attracted Arnold, Abelard's celebrated and controversial student, who became their spokesman, though he was excommunicated in 1148.
		Arnold's followers fell into heresy in that they preached both clerical poverty and unworldliness, as well denying the efficacy of sacraments administered by clerics holding worldly possessions.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmmr/bmmr-9409-cormier-writings.txt (1119 words)

	The Origin of the Baptists - Chapter 7
		After a laborious ministry of twenty years, he was burned in 1130, by an enraged populace set on by the clergy, whose traffic was in danger from the enterprising spirit of this great and powerful preacher.
		Arnold fled to the wilderness, and in the valley of the Alps found shelter among kindred spirits.
		Yet such were the individual exertions of Arnold, which posterity will appreciate as one of the noblest legacies which former ages have bequeathed.
	www.baptistpillar.com /bd0247.htm (1203 words)

	Francesco and Bonaventure by Sanderson Beck
		Arnold of Brescia was a student of Abelard.
		Arnold was charged for inciting the laity against the clergy at the Second Lateran Council in 1139 and was banished from Italy as a schismatic.
		Arnold went to Passau in Germany, where he was protected by Cardinal Guido and reconciled with Pope Eugenius III in 1145.
	www.san.beck.org /GPJ9-Francis,Bonaventure.html (7774 words)

	Brescia - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Image:180px-Padova dot.jpg Brescia is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy with a population of around 200,000.
		The city is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia, one of the largest in Italy, with about 1,000,000 inhabitants.
		Arnold of Brescia, monk lived in the 12th century
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Brescia&printable=yes (270 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Seventeen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Arnold, Bishop of Brescia, became obsessed with the idea of reforming the Church in accordance with the ideal of apostolic poverty.
		Arnold's preaching in Rome inspired the Senate to expel Pope Eugene III from the city by 1147.
		Yet, this group whose origin is unclear opposed the secularization and corruption of the Church, opposed baptizing infants and required adults to be baptized in connection with a ceremony of the laying on of hands.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e17.html (5197 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - On Medieval Heresy
		A prime example of this is Arnold of Brescia, who certainly sowed dissent, but also shows how the line between heresy and orthodoxy can be blurred to the point of non-existence.
		Arnold of Brescia had, at one point, submitted to the Pope and made a pilgrimage of the sacred sites of Rome, but instead of continuing to submit to the authority of the Church, he challenged it.
		Arnold never sought papal sanction, while Francis received a mandate from Pope Innocent III to preach his message.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A915293 (1370 words)

	Early Waldensian Heros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To Arnold of Brescia belongs the glory of openly denouncing the overgrown empire of ecclesiastical tyranny.
		Arnold was from Brescia, a city with an independent spirit like Milan and Turin.
		Born amid such traditions, Arnold needed only to sit at the feet of the renowned Abelard to receive the full flame of freedom which was already glowing within him.
	www.bible-sabbath.com /wilkerson/chapter15.html (9111 words)

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