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Topic: Arnulfo Arias Madrid

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	Panama
		Arnulfo Arias has been elected to the presidency at least three times since 1940 (perhaps four or five if, as many believe, the vote counts of 1964 and 1984 were fraudulent), but he has never been allowed to serve a full term.
		Arnulfo Arias had promulgated a new constitution in 1941, which was designed to extend his term of office.
		Among his behind-the-scenes manipulations were the denial to Arnulfo Arias of the presidency he apparently had won in 1948, the installation of Arias in the presidency in 1949, and the engineering of Arias's removal from office in 1951.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/panama/all.html (18321 words)

	Panama - GOVERNMENT
		In October 1941, President Arias was deposed by the National Police (the predecessor of the National Guard and FDP), and the presidency was assumed by Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia.
		Arias turned eighty-six in 1987 and could no longer exercise the leadership or muster the popular support he enjoyed in the past.
		Its leader, Ricardo Arias Calderón, was a vice presidential candidate on the Arnulfo Arias ticket and emerged in 1987 as the most visible spokesman of the political opposition.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/panama/GOVERNMENT.html (13455 words)

	The Arias Years - History - Panama - Central America: accion comunal, control government, america panama, government ...
		In contrast to the elite families that had always ruled Panama, Arias and his family came from a modest rural background, and their success marked the rise of middle-class Panamanians into government leadership.
		Arias’s younger brother, Arnulfo Arias Madrid, became president in 1940 and intensified policies to strengthen the nation and oppose U.S. power.
		Arias insisted that the United States negotiate as an equal with Panama for new treaty concessions and resisted U.S. efforts to establish new military bases in Panama during World War II (1939-1945).
	www.countriesquest.com /central_america/panama/history/the_arias_years.htm (359 words)

	Arnulfo Arias -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The younger brother of Harmodio Arias (Panamanian president, 1932–36), Arias was educated at the University of Chicago and Harvard Medical School (to become a surgeon) and was minister of agriculture and public works in the 1930s during the presidency of his brother.
		She was the widow of Arnulfo Arias, a physician who had been Panama's president three times.
		Led by Oscar Arias Sánchez of Costa Rica, the presidents of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua launched a peace initiative, an effort for which Arias was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 1987.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9009413 (812 words)

	Index Ar-As
		Arias was the first Panamanian president to institute relief efforts for the isolated and impoverished countryside.
		Arias took measures to cope with Costa Rica's heavy foreign indebtedness and other economic problems, but his chief concern was the restoration of peace and political stability in strife-torn Central America.
		Arias ran for president on the PRA ticket in 1948 with Arosemena as his candidate for first vice president.
	www.rulers.org /indexa4.html (9610 words)

	A short history of Panama
		In 1932 Harmodio Arias Madrid of the Partido Liberal Doctrinario (Doctrinary Liberal Party, PLD) becomes president, succeeded in 1936 by Juan Demóstenes Arosemena Barreati of the Partido Liberal Nacional (National Liberal Party, PLN).
		In 1968 Arnulfo Arias Madrid, now leader of the Partido Panameñista (Panamenista Party, PP), is again ousted as president by the army after only 10 days in office.
		In 1999 Mireya Moscoso, the widow of former president Arnulfo Arias Madrid, defeats as the PA candidate PRD candidate Martin Torrijos, son of the late dictator.
	www.electionworld.org /history/panama.htm (825 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		ISCPS 1968: "Arnulfo Arias Madrid...was elected in 1940 on the basis of a nationalist program which rested on hostility to all foreigners in general and to the United States and the West Indian and Chinese minorities in Panama in particular" (page 9).
		Black 1989: "Arnulfo Arias had promulgated a new constitution in 1941, which was designed to extend his term of office" (page 32).
		Arnulfo Arias rose from the political dead, dusted off his ‘panameñismo’ nationalism, and in an initial count by the National Elections Board apparently won the presidency by 1500 votes.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/panama/1931.html (6531 words)

	List of Presidents of Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid: 1 October 1940 – 9 October 1941
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid: 24 November 1949 – 9 May 1951
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid: 1 – 11 October 1968
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Panama (612 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although the original intent of the founding fathers was to bring harmony amongst the two major political parties (Conservatives and Liberals), the Panamanian government went through periods of political instability and corruption and at various times in its history, the mandate of an elected president terminated prematurely.
		In 1968, Gen. Omar Torrijos toppled the government of the recently elected Arnulfo Arias Madrid and became the virtual uncontested leader of Panama until his death in an airplane accident in 1981.
		The former president had been Mireya Moscoso, widow of the political leader Arnulfo Arias.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Panama (1376 words)

	aria -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		The strophic or stanzaic aria, in which each new stanza might represent a melodic variation on the first, appeared in opera in Claudio Monteverdi's Orfeo (1607) and was widely used for decades.
		1650–1775 was the da capo aria, in which the opening melody and text are repeated after an intervening melody-text section (often in a different key, tempo, and metre); the return of the first section was often virtuosically embellished by the singer.
		Richard Wagner's operas largely abandoned the aria in favour of a continuous musical texture, but arias have never ceased to be written.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9355763?tocId=9355763 (707 words)

	CNN In-Depth Specials - Panama Canal Handover - Troubled passageway
		Under a cloud of economic depression, a bloody coup in 1931 led by Arnulfo Arias Madrid resulted in presidential elections the next year won by Arias's brother, Harmodio.
		Arnulfo Arias, elected president in 1940, was deposed by his own military in late 1941 in the midst of a diplomatic battle over U.S. requests for military sites inside the republic in preparation for World War II.
		In 1968, Arnulfo Arias was elected again to the presidency after a tumultuous campaign.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1999/panama.canal/stories/history (1636 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Panama Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In October 1968, Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, twice elected president and twice ousted by the Panamanian military, was again ousted as president by the National Guard after only 10 days in office.
		On December 27, 1989, Panama's Electoral Tribunal invalidated the Norieiga regime's annulment of the May 1989 election and confirmed the victory of opposition candidates under the leadership of President Guillermo Endara and Vice Presidents Guillermo Ford and Ricardo Arias Calderon.
		On May 2, 1999, Mireya Moscoso, the widow of former President Arnulfo Arias Madrid, defeated PRD candidate Martin Torrijos, son of the late dictator.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_panama.html (2016 words)

	Arnulfista Party -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Arnulfista Party ((The Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain) Spanish: Partido Arnulfista) is a (A republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903) Panamanian (An organization to gain political power) political party.
		Its name is a homage to (Click link for more info and facts about Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid) Dr.
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid, who was a three-time (Click link for more info and facts about president of Panama) president of Panama (1940-41, 1949-51, and 1968) and whose widow (Click link for more info and facts about Mireya Moscoso) Mireya Moscoso is the immediate past (1999-2004) president.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/arnulfista_party.htm (117 words)

	AU-fulbright (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Harmodio Arias (1886-1962) dominated Panamanian politics in the 1930s, serving as president from 1932-36.
		Arnulfo Arias (1902-1988) won the presidential election in 1940 and bega n a controversial political career in which he ran for the presidency five times, won three times and was deposed by the National Police or National Guard three times.
		As part of his research, Robinson will interview Harmodio Arias' daughter as well as the widow of Arnulfo Arias.
	www.auburn.edu /administration/univrel/news/archive/8_96news/8_96fulbright.html (379 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
		In October 1968, despite having been elected twice, Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid was ousted by the military for the third time.
		Though his rule was corrupt and harsh, Torrijos was a charismatic leader whose domestic policies and nationalist foreign policy appealed to those largely ignored by the oligarchy.
		The main concern preoccupying Panama's new democrats was civilian control of the Panamanian Defense Forces and the conversion of the PDF into a true public force.
	www.ndi.org /globalp/civmil/programscm/panama/panamacm_1998_90_pf.asp (1060 words)

	Oscar Arias Sanchez -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		A moderate socialist born to wealth, Arias worked for the National Liberation Party from the 1960s.
		He became president at a time when much of Central America was torn by civil war.
		More results on "Oscar Arias Sanchez" when you join.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9355766?tocId=9355766 (724 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		In October 1968, Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, twice elected president and twice ousted by the Panamanian military, was ousted for a third time as president by the National Guard after only 10 days in office.
		A military government was established, and the commander of the National Guard, Brigadier General Omar Torrijos, soon emerged as the principal power in Panamanian political life.
		On December 27, 1989, Panama's Electoral Tribunal reinstated the results of the May 1989 election and confirmed the victory of opposition candidates under the leadership of President Guillermo Endara and Vice Presidents Guillermo Ford and Ricardo Arias Calderon.
	www.traveldocs.com /pa/history.htm (1198 words)

	The Washington Times - Panama
		Amid this historical moment, President Mireya Moscoso, 53, is determined to fulfill the social agenda that her late husband and three time president of the Republic, Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, envisioned when he created the Panamanian Doctrine of the Arnulfista Political Party almost 65 years ago.
		In addition to the political tutelage she received from Arias in their 25 years of marriage, she holds a degree in business from the Commercial School of Immaculate Mary; one in interior design from Miami Date (is this supposed to by Dade?) Community College and a computer degree from the University of Florida.
		Being aware of this, she is determined to prove to Panama and to the world that she, and every woman that so chooses, has the capacity to lead a nation.
	www.internationalspecialreports.com /archives/99/panama99 (894 words)

	Arnulfista Party - TheBestLinks.com - Panama, Political party, Spanish language, Arnulfo Arias, ...
		Arnulfista Party, Panama, Political party, Spanish language, Arnulfo Arias...
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid, who was a three-time president of Panama (1940-41, 1949-51, and 1968) and whose widow Mireya Moscoso is the current (1999-2004) president.
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Arnulfista_Party.html (104 words)

	Panama Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Moreover, the lack of a clear national leader as an alternative to Noriega or another FDP officer was a serious impediment to opposition success.
		Delvalle was tainted by his former association with Noriega; veteran politician Arnulfo Arias Madrid died in August 1988; and other party leaders reportedly lacked charisma.
		When the Electoral Tribunal gave official recognition and control of the party to a small faction headed by Hildebrando Nicosia Pérez, who had broken with Arias Madrid in the mid-1980s, the majority faction, led by Guillermo Endara, left the PPA and formed the Arnulfist Party.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/panama/panama_history_introduction.html (5894 words)

	Panama
		Public order declined during the mid-1960s, as the economy stagnated and government seemed incapable of administering the nation.
		Public frustration with the situation helped Arnulfo Arias win the 1968 election.
		When he threatened to dismiss some leading officers of the National Guard, they overthrew him after ten days in office.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/P/panama.html (3476 words)

	Search Results for Madrid - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spain's arts and financial centre, the city and province form an autonomous region.
		institution of higher learning founded in 1508 at Alcalá de Henares, in the province of Madrid, and moved in 1836 to the city of Madrid.
		Includes a photo tour; information on dining and entertainment; listings for monuments, museums, festivals, and excursions; and links for weather reports and a subway navigator.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Madrid&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (405 words)

	Arnulfo Arias Did You Mean Arnulfo Arias Madrid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arnulfo Arias Did You Mean Arnulfo Arias Madrid
		This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality.
		This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Arnulfo_Arias_Madrid.html (273 words)

	All words on List of Presidents of Panama
		Harmodio Arias Madrid: 5 June 1932 - 1 October 1936
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid: 24 November 1949 - 9 May 1951
		Arnulfo Arias Madrid: 1 - 11 October 1968
	www.allwords.org /li/list-of-presidents-of-panama.html (902 words)

	PresidentsOfPanama
		She is the widow of Arnulfo Arias, who had been president three times.
		After that, it became in turn a school, The Royal Court House, a customs building, The House of Government, and the main offices of the National Bank of Panama.
		In 1934, President Harmodio Arias, installed an elevator to accommodate the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, during his stay as special guest, due to his paraplegic condition (lower extremities) secondary to poliomyelitis during his youth.
	www.vivapanama.org /PresidentsOfPanama.htm (1414 words)

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