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Topic: Arrectores pilorum

	Arrectores pilorum
		Arrectores pilorum (singular Arrector pili) are tiny muscle fibers attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end.
		Some animals also contract their arrectores pilorum when they are cornered, in order to appear larger and more threatening.
		Although humans' arrectores pilorum also contract in response to cold or arousal, they are vestigial because humans do not have enough hair to make them effective.
	www.mrsci.com /Integumentary-System/Arrectores_pilorum.php (127 words)

	Arrectores pilorum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arrectores pilorum (singular Arrector pili) are tiny muscle fibers attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps.
		Arrectores pilorum are smooth muscle, not skeletal muscle, which explains why you can't voluntarily give yourself goose bumps.
		The arrectores pilorum are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system which is in general responsible for many fight-or-flight responses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arrectores_pilorum (219 words)

	Chapter 4: The skin, hair and nails
		In the obtuse angle between the root of a hair and the surface of the skin, a bundle of smooth muscle fibers, known as an arrector pili muscle, is usually found.
		The arrectores pilorum are innervated by sympathetic fibers and contract in response to emotion or cold.
		Sebaceous glands are absent from the palms and the soles.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_1/chapter_4.html (2820 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 1069
		Connected with the hair follicles are minute bundles of involuntary muscular fibers, termed the Arrectores pilorum.
		They are placed on the side toward which the hair slopes, and by their action diminish the obliquity of the follicle and elevate the hair (Fig.
		1 The sebaceous gland is situated in the angle which the Arrector muscle forms with the superficial portion of the hair follicle, and contraction of the muscle thus tends to squeeze the sebaceous secretion out from the duct of the gland.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page1069.html (536 words)

	Arrector pili
		The arrectores pilorum play a key role in goose bumps, a temporary local change in the skin The chain of events leading to this skin change starts with a stimulus such as cold or fear.
		The nerve discharge causes contraction of the arrectores pilorum (the hair erector muscles).
		If you have a better definition for Arrector pili than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the suggest a term option.
	www.healthdictionary.info /Arrector_pili.htm (759 words)

	Olga V. Zherebtsova. Spiny cover and defence strategy of mammals.
		arrectores pilorum) in the integument, which are responsible for the spine erection.
		arrectores of hedgehog tenrecs and hedgehogs are well developed and consist of a few portions connecting the bulbs of several spines in special complexes, their structure being very similar in both groups (Fig.
		arrectores are absent completely in the echidna integument, and the function of the large quills mobility is provided by the m.
	www.zin.ru /annrep/2000/26.html (1356 words)

	Arrectores Pilorum - Talk Medical
		Arrectores pilorum: Tiny muscles that act as the hair erector muscles.
		The arrectores pilorum play a key role in goose bumps, a temporary local change in the skin The chain of events leading to this skin change starts with a stimulus such as cold or fear.
		The nerve discharge causes contraction of the arrectores pilorum (the hair erector muscles).
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/1201/Arrectores-Pilorum (333 words)

	SKIN AND EXOSKELETON - LoveToKnow Article on SKIN AND EXOSKELETON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The cells of the hair are derived from, and are continuous at the bulb,with those of the outer root sheath, and therefore with the deeper layers of the epidermis.
		The hair follicle always projects somewhat obliquely into the skin, and attached to the side toward which it is leaning is a small band of non-striated muscular fibres called arrector phi.
		The mesodermal cells belong to the mesenchyme, and form the fibrous tissue of the true skin as well as the arrectores pilorum muscles and, in the scrotum, the dartos layer of unstriped muscle.
	93.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SK/SKIN_AND_EXOSKELETON.htm (5015 words)

	[No title]
		5 Smooth muscle of arrectores pilorum, nipples and scrotal dartos, and skeletal muscle in the scalp and face, are attached in the dermis.
		It is replaced during an anagen/growth phase by a new hair from the reactivated deep region of the follicle.
		Hairs are raised from their relaxed, inclined attitude by contraction of their arrectores pilorum muscles in response to cold, so that more insulating air is trapped near to the skin.
	wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu /histolch21.htm (3056 words)

	Baldness - Baldness Treatment - Information - Causes - Cures
		Into each follicle, the arrectores pilorum muscle inserts at the dermal layer below the entrance of the sebaceous gland duct.
		The arrectore pilorus acts to elevate the hair shaft and express sebum.
		The life cycle of the hair begins with the anagen phase which is a period of growth when the follicular cells are multiplying and keratinizing.
	www.rb59.com /medical-health-info/baldness.html (532 words)

	Piloleiomyoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Piloleiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors arising from the arrectores pilorum muscles in the skin.
		A case of multiple piloleiomyoma associated with submucosal tumor of the stomach.
		Arrector pili nevus--histological comparison to piloleiomyoma and study of reported cases in Japan]
	www.histopathology-india.net /Pileio.htm (168 words)

	scf-online.com \| Issue 42 \| Goose bumps
		The term cutis anserina or goose bumps (goose flesh, goose pimples) describes a skin phenomenon, which develops by contraction of the musculi arrectores pilorum (hair erector muscles).
		In larger skin areas, especially on arms and legs, small, bump-like elevations are formed on the skin surface as body hair erects.
		The hair seems to “stand on end” because the contraction of the musculi arrectores pilorum elevates the hair follicles above the rest of the dermis.
	www.scf-online.com /english/42_e/titel42_e.htm (302 words)

	Course Content Guide:
		The goal is to provide an informational basis to introduce the student to the basic structures of the integumentary system on a comparative basis between animals.
		2.4.0 Discuss the structure and function of the arrectores pilorum muscle.
		The goal is to provide an information basis for the student to develop a detailed understanding of the skeletal features of the cat, and the comparatives aspects of skeletal anatomy between the other animal and avian species.
	www.pcc.edu /edserv/ccg/vt/VT_105.htm (657 words)

	Alopecia (Baldness) (Apr.1997)
		Into each follicle, the arrectores pilorum muscle inserts at the dermal layer below the entrance of the sebaceous gland duct.
		The arrectore pilorus acts to elevate the hair shaft and express sebum.
		The life cycle of the hair begins with the anagen phase which is a period of growth when the follicular cells are multiplying and keratinizing.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/baldness.htm (5997 words)

	Patient 16: summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the lepromatous type, the cell mediated immune response is weak, and there is marked inflammation with infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages which are admixed.
		AFB are abundant within the Schwann cells, vessel endothelial cells, arrectores pilorum muscles, and macrophages.
		It is unknown what determines the difference in cell mediated immune response among tuberculoid and lepromatous patients.
	www.bcm.edu /neurol/challeng/pat16/summary.html (3298 words)

	Foot & Ankle Institute
		There are no para-sympathetic autonomic nerves within the lower extremity; therefore, all discussion regarding autonomic dysfunction will be related to the sympathetic nervous system.
		The sympathetic nerves in the lower extremity supply innervation to the small blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles of the foot.
		When the normal constrictive tone normally produced by the sympathetic fibers is lost, vasodilatation occurs and an increased peripheral perfusion occurs.
	www.feetnet.com /north/complications.php (2819 words)

	Forensic Tidbits
		However, the skin around them dehydrates and shrinks, making it look as if the hair and fingernails have grown.
		In addition, rigor mortis of the tiny arrectores pilorum muscles causes the hair to become erect, which makes it appear longer.
		Question: A gunshot that destroys either the heart or the brain produces instantaneous death.
	www.aaronelkins.com /forensictidbits.htm (4316 words)

	vineschika's Xanga Site
		The cells in the S. germinative are living because they are deeper within the skin and consist of living cells.
		The Arrectores pilorum in the muscle attached to the hair follicle that constricts to promote the secretion of sebum.
		They are created on the epidermis by the constriction of the arrectores pilorum
	www.xanga.com /vineschika (4458 words)

	NYU SoM - Dept. of Dermatology
		There is proliferation of smooth muscle bundles arranged as fascicles in the papillary and reticular dermis with mild nuclear atypia
		Cutaneous leiomyomas are uncommon, benign, smooth muscle tumors that are divided into three categories: solitary or multiple piloleiomyomas arising from the arrectores pilorum; solitary genital piloleiomyomas arising from the smooth muscle of the areolae and dartos muscle of the genitalia; and angioleiomyomas arising from the vascular smooth muscle.
		Multiple piloleiomyomas, which occur in grouped, linear, or dermatomal patterns of firm, red, pink, brown or skin-colored, dermal nodules, are the most common type of leiomyomas.
	www.med.nyu.edu /dermatology/sem_conf/102103-5.html (643 words)

	Cutis
		Piloleiomyomas are benign, smooth muscle neoplasms arising from the arrectores pilorum muscles in the skin.
		They differ in size and number and are often cold and painful or sensitive to touch.
		Use of this Web site is subject to the medical disclaimer and privacy policy.
	www.cutis.com /asp/archive/article.asp?ArticleID=738&FileType=abs (94 words)

	What are goose bumps? in The AnswerBank: How it Works
		Your skin becomes bumpy and the hairs on your arms stand on end.
		The stimulus that makes us feel cold or scared kicks off an involuntary nerve discharge which causes the muscles that pull up our body hair, called the arrectores pilorum muscles, to contract.
		This contraction makes our hairs stand on end and the hair follicles become raised bumps: goose bumps.
	www.theanswerbank.co.uk /Article1530.html (302 words)

	The Integumentary System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It lacks hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous glands, and has more sweat glands than thin skin.
		New hairs develop from cell division of the matrix in the bulb.
		Associated with hairs are sebaceous (oil) glands, arrectores pilorum muscles, and root plexuses (Figure 5.4a).
	classes.midlandstech.com /carterp/Courses/bio210/chap05 (2021 words)

	Integumentary System, Embryonic Development \| World of Anatomy and Physiology
		In this area, blood vessels, and nerve endings associated with hair develop.
		Smooth muscle cells form the arrectores pilorum (erector pilorum), the fine muscles that can make hair erect.
		The effect of hair "standing up" is also caused by electrostatic forces and the nature of the pertinacious (protein containing) keratin that forms the hair.
	www.bookrags.com /research/integumentary-system-embryonic-deve-wap (720 words)

	Pulse of Dawn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pulse Of Dawn was formed on 1998 due to the dissolution of several local bands (Arrectores Pilorum, Eskela, Vladeptus, Kangrena, Rash, Dwimmerlaik, Directo al Gramo, Skupidos, Ren-kore, Ludegua, etc).
		First it was a 5-members band with: Vlad com as the singer, Quico13 on rhe guitar, Marcos on the keyboards, ChimeII as the bass player and Ramon Bravo as the drummer.
		They are touring with The pulse girls, They are searching for a label to edit his debut album,
	personales.ya.com /himnesdenit/pulseofdawnj.htm (122 words)

	pilo-, pil-, pili- + (Latin: hair).
		A reference to the arrector muscles, the contraction of which produces cutis ansertina (goose flesh) and the erection of the hairs.
		Causing movements of hairs, as the arrectores pilorum.
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	www.wordinfo.info /words/index/info/view_unit/1672/3/?spage=7&letter=P (213 words)

	The Denton Scramble : November 2005 : Dear Joe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Since I happened to have Gray’s Anatomy just lying around, I took the liberty of nosing in it myself.
		It turns out that the arrectores pilorum (commonly called a piloerector) are minute bundles of involuntary muscular fibers connected to the outer coal of the hair follicle, just below the entrance to the duct of the sebaceous gland.
		When they contract, the skin around the hair is elevated, causing the hair to stand up.
	www.dentonscramble.org /stories/nov2005/dear_joe.php (654 words)

	Island Scene Online
		As you bury your hands in your pockets, you may notice another defensive action: the hairs on your arms stand up and tiny bumps form.
		This condition, which we call chicken skin (or, on the Mainland, goose bumps), appears when your nervous system detects cold (or fear) and triggers our arrectores pilorum (hair erector muscles).
		When these little muscles around our hair follicles contract, the follicles rise above the rest of the skin and we get chicken skin.
	www.islandscene.com /Article.aspx?id=1471 (417 words)

	DEEP BURNS OF THE KNEE: JOINT CAPSULE RECONSTRUCTION WITH DERMIS GRAFT
		No evidence has been found relating their survival to malignant degeneration.
		The pilomotor muscles (arrectores pilorum) survive and the elastic fibres are preserved.
		They remain in great numbers arranged as in normal skin.
	www.medbc.com /annals/review/vol_10/num_1/text/vol10n1p3.htm (2573 words)

	Island Scene Online
		For furless folks like ourselves, similar "bristling" results in the far less intimidating condition called goose bumps, or as it's called in Hawai'i, "chicken skin."
		When we feel cold or fear, our nervous system triggers a contraction in our arrectores pilorum (hair erector muscles).
		When these little muscles around our hair follicles contract, the follicles rise above the rest of the skin and we get goose bumps.
	www.islandscene.com /Article.aspx?id=420 (214 words)

	Arrectores pilorum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Arrectores pilorum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		MedicineNet Home > MedTerms medical dictionary A-Z List > Arrectores pilorum
		MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6856 (388 words)

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