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Topic: Arsine

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	Arsine (CASRN 7784-42-1) \| IRIS \| US EPA
		Although the reactive form of arsine and the specific sequence of events that precede hemolysis are not fully known, the general mechanism of RBC damage caused by arsine is understood.
		The greater susceptibility of rats to the hematologic effects of arsine may be due to the fact that mice may have a greater capability for erythrocyte regeneration because of a superior capacity for splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (Blair et al., 1990a).
		Arsine: Absence of developmental toxicity in rats and mice.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0672.htm (5208 words)

	Arsine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arsine, the simplest compound of arsenic, is AsH
		In spite of these characteristics, arsine was never officially used as a weapon, because of its high flammability and its lower efficacy when compared to phosgene.
		Arsine binds to the haemaglobin of red blood cells, causing them to be destroyed by the body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arsine (1031 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Arsine
		Arsine is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry and in the manufacture of crystals for fiberoptics and computer chips.
		Arsine preferentially binds to hemoglobin, and is oxidized to an arsenic dihydride intermediate and elemental arsenic, both of which are hemolytic agents.
		Arsine poisoning is not known to pose additional risk during the use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg169.html (4060 words)

	Chemical Information
		Arsine is highly flammable and reacts violently with oxidizing agents, such as chlorine, nitric acid and fluorine.
		Cylinders of arsine should be stored and used in a ventilated gas cabinet or a fume hood.
		Arsine cylinders should be returned to the compressed gas distributor when emptied or no longer used.
	webware.princeton.edu /sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/cheminfo/arsine.htm (380 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Arsenicals, Arsine : Article by Jeffrey R Suchard, MD
		Arsine gas is used in the semiconductor industry when depositing arsenic on microchips.
		Arsine is released during the (usually accidental) production of hydrogen in an acid medium in contact with arsenic-contaminated metals.
		Arsine may potentially be used as a chemical warfare agent.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic920.htm (1857 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 1 (2000)
		Arsine is extremely toxic and a potent hemolytic agent, ultimately causing death via renal failure.
		The approach used in the development of AEGLs for arsine was justified by the confirmed steep dose-response curve, the induction of hemolysis by arsine at extremely low concentrations, and the potential of hemolysis to progress to life-threatening renal failure.
		Arsine also is used in mining and manufacturing processes involving arsenicals and in paints and herbicides containing arsenicals (Risk and Fuortes 1991).
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309072948/html/65.html (5788 words)

	Bioterrorism and Me: Toxins: Blood agents (Arsine and Cyanide)
		Arsine, derived from arsenic, is colorless with a faint garlic odor, and may leave a garlicky smell on the victim's breath.
		For arsine, light exposure produces symptoms that are not clearly different from many diseases and conditions, such as difficulty in breathing, weakness, headache, drowsiness, confusion, nausea and vomiting, yellow skin and eyes, and dark urine.
		Arsine was developed initially as an insecticide, and is now used in the manufacture of computer chips.
	www.indiana.edu /~pirt/bioterrorism/toxins-blood.html (676 words)

	NTP: Abstract for Teratology: Arsine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Arsine gas is a potent hemolytic agent which causes rapid red blood cell destruction and renal failure (Fowler and Weissberg, 1974).
		In the present evaluation, groups of bred mice and rats were exposed by inhalation to arsine at concentrations of 0, 0.025, 0.5, or 2.5 ppm on Gestation Days (gd) 6 through 15.
		In conclusion, arsine at atmospheric concentrations that caused increases in maternal spleen size and measurable levels of arsenic in maternal blood and fetal livers (2.5 ppm) did not adversely affect endpoints of developmental toxicity, therefore the NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.5 ppm while the NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 2.5 ppm.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=07303AA6-FA1B-D9EA-EA263580F6A58918 (396 words)

	MedNets : A medical search engine and health portal
		Arsine is a flammable and highly toxic gas with a garlic-like or fishy odor that does not provide adequate warning of dangerous levels.
		Arsine is heavier than air and may cause asphyxiation in enclosed, poorly ventilated, or low-lying areas.
		Arsine has no toxic effects on the skin or eyes, and it is not absorbed through the skin.
	www.mednets.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/articles_arsine_arsenic_poisoning_and_exposure_toxicology-Arsine (2367 words)

	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: ARSINE
		The minimum amount of arsine detectable by odor is about 0.5 ppm; since the permissible exposure limit is 0.05 ppm, arsine does not have adequate warning properties to avoid overexposure.
		Arsine is flammable in air, having a lower explosion limit (LEL) of 5.8%.
		Arsine is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidizing agents such as fluorine, chlorine, nitric acid, and nitrogen trichloride.
	www.hhmi.org /research/labsafe/lcss/lcss13.html (705 words)

	Effects of Toxic Gas Exposure to Ammonia, Arsine Arsenic Bromine Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Hydride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Arsine is arsenic hydride, the combination of arsenic metal and hydrogen gas.
		Whether or not arsine has any chronic effects (such as the causation of cancer) is not known because there has been no study of people or animals chronically exposed to this material.
		If half of the arsine inhaled is excreted in the urine (as seems to be the case for particulate arsenic compounds), then, inhalation of 200 ug/cu.
	www.inspect-ny.com /sickhouse/gashaz.htm (3593 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)
		Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for arsine is 3 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [AIHA 1965; Henderson and Haggard 1943; Teitelbaum and Kier 1969].
		Hematological responses to arsine exposure: quantitation of exposure response in mice.
		Arsine poisoning: report of five cases in the petroleum industry and a discussion of the indications for exchange transfusion and hemodialysis.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/idlh/7784421.html (509 words)

	Arsine Exposure: Overview Lawsuit Information - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in Arsine Exposure: ...
		Arsine is a colorless gas that does not burn the eyes, nose, or throat like some other dangerous gases.
		Arsine is widely used in manufacturing of fiber optic equipment and computer microchips.
		Arsine gas destroys red blood cells, causing anemia (destruction of red blood cells) and kidney damage.
	www.injuryboard.com /view.cfm/Topic=179 (562 words)

	CDC \| Facts About Arsine
		Arsine is similar to a gas called stibine, which is formed when the metal antimony comes in contact with an acid.
		The extent of poisoning caused by arsine depends on the amount of arsine to which a person has been exposed and on the length of time of the exposure.
		If you are near a release of arsine, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or to “shelter in place” inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/arsine/facts.asp (1073 words)

	Arsine definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Because arsine is nonirritating and produces no immediate symptoms, persons exposed to hazardous levels of it may be unaware of its presence.
		Odor is not an adequate indicator of arsine's presence and does not provide reliable warning of hazardous concentrations.
		Arsine gas is formed when arsenic-containing materials react with freshly formed hydrogen in water or acids.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=31768 (422 words)

	Arsine (PIM 044)
		Acute: diagnosis is based on a history of exposure to arsine gas and early onset of headache, nausea and abdominal pain, dark red or brown discolouration of the urine and garlic-like odour on the breath.
		Most cases of arsine poisoning do not result from use of the gas itself; rather they occur when arsine is accidentally generated as by-product of a chemical reaction involving a metal containing an arsenic impurity and an acid or a strong alkali.
		Arsine is gradually converted to arsenite (As) and further monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/pim044.htm (3867 words)

	Arsenic and Arsine Poisoning and Toxicity
		Arsine Gas: Arsine gas (AsH3), is produced when elemental or inorganic arsenic reacts with zinc compounds or certain fungi.
		Lengthy low-level exposure to Arsine gas leads to a third stage of the illness which has similarities to the onset of acute arsine gas poisoning, including brown urine, dizziness, headache and delirium.
		Arsine gas may have been responsible for a high rate of infant mortality from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in New Zealand.
	www.origen.net /tox.html (1238 words)

	Laboratory Incidents: Toxic Gas Release
		The side of the gas cylinder received from the gas supplier was stenciled with the word "arsine." The regulator had been chosen for 100% arsine gas.
		No arsine was detected in the lab area outside of the gas cabinet and in-cabinet readings quickly dropped to zero.
		Subsequent examination of the cylinder contents tag (attached to the cylinder neck) indicated the researcher had actually received a 10% arsine mixture in hydrogen, at the elevated cylinder pressure of 2200 psig.
	www2.umdnj.edu /eohssweb/aiha/accidents/gas.htm (324 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency
		Note: Arsine is the most powerful hemolytic poison encountered in industry.
		Arsine is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
		Acute exposure to arsine may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/7784-42-1?OpenDocument (404 words)

	Arsine: Human Health Aspects (CICADS 47, 2002)
		Arsine is generated whenever nascent hydrogen is released in the presence of arsenic or by the action of water on a metallic arsenide.
		Arsine is extensively used in the semiconductor industry for epitaxial growth of gallium arsenide, as a doping agent for silicon-based solid-state electronic devices, and in the manufacture of light-emitting diodes.
		Arsine is produced commercially by the reaction of aluminium arsenide with water or hydrochloric acid or as a result of electrochemical reduction of arsenic compounds in acid solutions.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad47.htm (16177 words)

	Arsine Scott Specialty Gases for semiconductor and electronic applications
		Arsine is used as an arsenic (N-type dopant) source in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ion implantation processes.
		Arsine is usually a minor component in mixtures.
		Arsine is also used in the epitaxial deposition of gallium arsenide layers for the fabrication of III-V devices.
	www.scottsemicon.com /pures/arsine.html (108 words)

	USNews.com: Health: Blood Agents
		Arsine has a mild garlic odor that can be detected only at levels greater than those necessary to cause poisoning.
		Arsine was explored for chemical warfare in World War II by the British but was never used.
		Arsine is relatively easy to create for a deliberate release into the air because it is most commonly used in the semiconductor and metals refining industries and is readily available.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/health/articles/060329/29hhs_bloodagents.htm?track=rss (614 words)

	ATSDR - Arsine Patient Information
		A person can be exposed to a high concentration of arsine and not be able to smell it.
		Although arsine is related to arsenic, it does not produce the usual signs of arsenic poisoning.
		More information about arsine may be obtained from your regional poison control center; your state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental health.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps21/mmg4-1.html (507 words)

	Arsine - Talk Medical
		The odor threshold of arsine is 10-fold greater than the permissible exposure limit set by OSHA.
		Arsine may be fatal if inhaled in sufficient quantities.
		Its primary toxic effect is due to hemolysis (the breakup of red blood cells), resulting in renal failure.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/1210/Arsine (397 words)

	Arsine: Human Health Aspects - WHO - OMS -
		Arsine is a colourless, non-irritating gas with a mild, garlic-like odour.
		The acute toxicity of arsine in different species, including humans, is high.
		The target organ of arsine poisoning is the haematopoietic system, in particular the erythrocytes.
	www.who.int /bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=38&codcch=47 (79 words)

	Electron Transfer Technologies - arsine generator system, safe alternative to compressed gas cylinders
		The arsine generator uses an electrochemical process to generate high purity, low pressure arsine at the point of use.
		The arsine generator system consists of an electrochemical arsine generation canister coupled to an electro-polished stainless steel manifold with computer controlled, air actuated valves and gas drier.
		When the reactor stops calling for arsine, accidental risk is eliminated as automatic purge of the feed lines removes any remaining toxic gas; in contrast, the pressurized gas cylinder presents a constant risk until it is empty and purged.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=Arsine&bdcr=1&bdcu=http://www.pingsite.com/ett&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-E0B42762-0551-F2CC-11CA-F98816DC353A-ym (1371 words)

	Cylinder Process Gases - Arsine
		In Silicon processing, Arsine is used as an Arsenic (N-type dopant) source in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ion implantation processes.
		Commonly used as the minor component in mixtures, both the Arsine purity and the consistency of the mixture are crucial to the manufacture and performance of semiconductor devices.
		Arsine is also used in the epitaxial deposition of Gallium Arsenide layers for the fabrication of III-V devices.
	www.bocedwards.com /process_gases/cylinder/e_arsine.html (150 words)

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