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| | Arsinoe IV Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) |
 | | As co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes), her brother/husband Ptolemy XIV, and later her son Caesarion, Cleopatra survived a coup engineered by her brother's courtiers, consummated a liaison with Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination, aligned with Mark Antony, with whom she produced twins. |
 | | Ptolemy I was the son of Arsinoe of Macedonia by either her husband Lagus, a Macedonian nobleman, or her lover Philip II of Macedon. |
 | | Ancient Egypt was a civilization along the Lower Nile extending from as far south as Jebel Barkal, Napata [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm], and then northward to the Mediterranean Sea, though varying in size throughout its history between circa 3200 BC and 343 BC, ending with the conquest of Alexander the Great. |
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