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Topic: Artabanus of Persia

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	Persia
		Persia proper is bounded on the north by Transcaucasia, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan; on the south by the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; it is over one-fifth as large as the United States (excluding Alaska) and twice as large as Germany, having an area of about 642,000 square miles.
		Pherecles, the Seleucid satrap, having insulted Tiridates, was slain, and Parthia freed from the Macedonians.
		On his arrival in Persia, Mgr Cluzel was immediately acknowledged by the shah, decorated with the insignia of the Lion and Sun, and officially confirmed, by a special imperial firman, as the representative of the Father of the Faithful.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/persia.html (14929 words)

	Persian Empire 2 - Crystalinks
		Persia's weakness was exposed to the Greeks in 401 BC, when the Satrap of Sardis hired ten thousand Greek mercenaries to help secure his claim to the imperial throne.
		Persia found relative stability in the Qajar dynasty, ruling from 1779 to 1925, but lost hope to compete with the new industrial powers of Europe; Persia found itself sandwiched between the growing Russian Empire in Central Asia and the expanding British Empire in India.
		Persia was drawn into the periphery of WWI because of its strategic position between Afghanistan and the warring Ottoman, Russian, and British Empires.
	www.crystalinks.com /persia2.html (4199 words)

	ARTABANUS - Online Information article about ARTABANUS
		Germanicus, whom he sent to the East, concluded a treaty with Artabanus, in which he was recognized as king and friend of the Romans.
		Artabanus was deserted by his followers and fled to the East.
		But Artabanus was not strong enough for a war with Rome; he therefore concluded a treaty with Vitellius, in which he gave up all further pretensions (A.D.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ARN_AUD/ARTABANUS.html (1207 words)

	Persian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 913, Western Persia was conquered by the Buwayhid, a native Iranian tribal confederation from the shores of the Caspian Sea.
		Safavid Persia was a violent and chaotic state for the next seventy years, but in 1588 Shah Abbas I of Safavid ascended to the throne and instituted a cultural and political renaissance.
		In 1919, northern Persia was occupied by the British General William Edmund Ironside to enforce the Turkish Armistice conditions and assist General Dunsterville and Colonel Bicherakhov contain Bolshevik influence (of Mirza Kuchak Khan) in the north.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Persia (4772 words)

	Iran - History - Iran Short History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1258 Persia's Hulegu Khan routs the last army of the eastern Abbasid caliphate January 17; his Mongols sack Baghdad February 10, massacre tens of thousands in a single week, and end the caliphate that has ruled from Baghdad since 762, making it one of the world's great centers of learning and culture.
		In 1501 Persia's Alwand of the White Sheep is defeated at the Battle of Shurur by the young Safavid leader Ismail.
		In 1514 Persia is invaded by the Ottoman sultan Selim the Grim, who has slaughtered an estimated 40,000 of his heretic subjects and is determined to impose Sunnism on the Shiite Persians.
	www.khakbaz.com /kaveh/resource/iran/history/short/iran.html (1424 words)

	Kingdoms of Persia - Persia
		Persia is conquered by Greek Empire and is ruled from Antioch, in Syria.
		Persia is liberated from Seleucid Greek rule by tribesmen who have drifted down to Parthia and Bactria.
		The Safavids established Shi'ite Islam as a state religion of Persia, which became a major factor in the emergence of a unified national consciousness among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsMiddEast/EasternPersia.htm (946 words)

	Artabanus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Artabanus was the name of two noblemen of Persia:
		Artabanus was the younger brother of king Darius I of Persia, and satrap of Bactria in the early 5th century BC.
		Artabanus the Hyrcanian was reportedly Regent of Persia for a few months in 465–464 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artabanus (139 words)

	The Karnamik-I-Ardashir
		Artabanus had in his service an accomplished maiden, whom he regarded with greater respect and affection than the other maidens under him; and this maiden took part in every service that was meant to do honor to Artabanus.
		At night, when Artabanus was asleep, she took from the treasury of Artabanus an Indian sword, golden saddles, belts of fine leather, golden crowns, golden goblets full of jewels, dirhems and dinars, coats-of-mail, highly engraved weapons of war, and many other precious things, and she brought them to Ardashir.
		The horse-keeper came and spoke to Artabanus as follows: "Ardashir and two of your steeds are not to be found in their places." Artabanus thereby became aware that one of his maidens, too, had run away and gone with Ardashir.
	www.earth-history.com /Persian/karnamik.htm (5309 words)

	Artabanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Artabanus was the son of Hystaspes and the younger brother of the Persian king Darius (ruled 522-486).
		From the tablets found at Persepolis, we know that Irdabanu (the Elamite form of Artabanus' name) was satrap of the important satrapy Bactria, which probably means that he was considered the first in line of succession until Darius' son Xerxes was old enough.
		In the Histories of the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus (fifth century BCE), Artabanus usually plays the role of the wise councelor, who warns against dangerous military enterprises.
	www.livius.org /arl-arz/artabanus/artabanus.html (150 words)

	The Splendor of Persia V
		In all Persia there was no place where the ancient Zoroastrian rituals were so carefully observed as in the province of Fats, where the tombs of the Achaemenian Kings remained to remind believers of the splendor of their past.
		At Naqsh-i-Rustam, far in the south of Persia, and not far from the extraordinary monument which celerates Ardashir's conquest of the throne, there is another carving in honey-colored rock celebrating the abasement of a Roman Emperor.
		Many years after the long reign of Chosroes I came to an end, an obscure missionary in Arabia was asked for the date of his birth and answered: "I was born in the reign of the Blessed King." Mohammad, whose armies destroyed the Persian empire, was speaking of Chosroes.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5646/splendor5.html (3071 words)

	Xerxes I Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484 BC abolished the Kingdom of Babel and took away the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babel had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.
		Therefore Xerxes does not bear the title of King of Babel in the Babylonian documents dated from his reign, but King of Persia and Media or simply King of countries (i.e.
		In 465 he was murdered by his vizier Artabanus who raised Artaxerxes I to the throne.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/x/xe/xerxes_i.html (839 words)

	Herodotus use of Speeches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The speeches do have purposes, the most important for the first is to analyze Xerxes's chances of success with the benefit of hindsight, at the same time as setting the scene.
		Artabanus is also being prophetic: it gives some of the reasons why the Greeks eventually triumph.
		One function of formal speeches, such as that of Artabanus, is to set out general truths, usually ones with a direct bearing on the narrative.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /spchs.htm (641 words)

	Gatorsports.com :: 100 years of Gator Football (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 913, western Persia was conquered by the Buwayhid, a Deylamite tribal confederation from the shores of the Caspian Sea.
		Persia was drawn into the periphery of World War I because of its strategic position between Afghanistan and the warring Ottoman, Russian, and British Empires.
		In 1919, northern Persia was occupied by the British General William Edmund Ironside to enforce the Turkish Armistice conditions and assist General
	gatorsports.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?template=wiki&text=Persian_Empire (4817 words)

	The Persian Empire!
		Iran is a land of extraordinary diversity, geographically, climatically and ethnically.
		To many Europeans the word Persia is evocative of beautiful works of art- carpets, tiles, fine ceramics, miniatures and metal-work.
		Cyrus later was killed in 530 BC and his son Cambyses became the next ruler of Persia, followed soon after by a new man named Darius.
	alionline.net /persia (756 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		September 12, 490 BC - The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I of Persia is defeated by the Greeks under Miltiades.
		He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I, possibly with Artabanus acting as Regent.
		464 BC - Artabanus of Persia, Regent King for Artaxerxes I, died.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=5th_century_BC (2659 words)

	Ardashir I - WikIran
		Ardashir I (226 - 240/241 CE) was the founder of the Sassanid dynasty, which came to establish the third era of the Persian Empire, which previously had been ruled by the Parthians.
		The name Ardashir is the modern form of the Persian Imperial name Artaxerxes, "he whose empire is excellent." After the three Achaemenian kings of this name, it occurs in Armenia, in the shortened form Artaxias (Armenian, Artashes or Artaxes), and among the dynasts of Persia who maintained their independence during the Parthian period (see PERS15).
		A similar inscription and sculpture is on a rock near Gur (Firuzabad) in Persia.
	www.wikiran.org /w/index.php?title=Ardashir_I (946 words)

	Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, Book 3
		Entertaining little apprehension from Artaxerxes, who was but a boy, he pretended that the king had been slain by Darius, who was of full age; that he might have possession of the throne the sooner, and instigated Artaxerxes to revenge parricide by fratricide.
		Artabanus, accordingly, presenting himself under arms among the rest, the king, pretending that his corslet was too short for him, desired Artabanus to make an exchange with him, and, while he was disarming himself, and defenceless, ran him through with his sword, ordering his sons, at the same time, to be apprehended.
		During these transactions in Persia, all Greece, under the leadership of the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, was split into two parties, and turned their arms from foreign wars as it were against their own bowels.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/justin/english/trans3.html (2101 words)

	Sassanids - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		At that moment, Persia was a vassal of the Parthian empire, but Pâpak's son Ardašir I, who succeeded his father, did not behave himself as was expected from a vassal.
		Ctesiphon became the city where the Sassanid kings were to be inaugurated; Ardašir wanted to be called 'king of kings', the title that had been used by the Parthian kings and -centuries ago- the Achaemenid rulers of Persia.
		The Byzantines were weakened, because Italy had been invaded by the Langobards, the Slavs were taking hold of the Balkans, and Andalusia was lost to the Visigoths.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Sassanids (1202 words)

	Xerxes I of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xerxes, son of Darius the Great and Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great, was appointed King of Persia by his father in preference to his elder half-brothers, who were born before Darius had become king.
		This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484 BC took away from Babylon the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babylon had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.
		Therefore Xerxes does not bear the title of King in the Babylonian documents dated from his reign, but King of Persia and Media or simply King of countries (i.e., of the world).
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Xerxes_I (846 words)

	History of Persia
		In 1935 Persia became Iran, see also History of Iran
		The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid 2nd Century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia.
		There were more Seleucid rulers of Syria and, for a time, Babylonia, after Antiochus IV, but none had any effective power in Persia).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Persia.html (112 words)

	Karnamak-e Ardashir-e Papakan
		Papak was the frontier governor of Pars, and was one of the commissioners appointed by Artabanus.
		Ardashir became angry and spoke thus to the son of Artabanus: "It is not possible to appropriate the art and heroism of another through tyranny, unpleasantness, falsehood, and injustice.
		So Artabanus sent for soldiers and provisions from different frontiers, such as Rai [near Tehran, the Arsacid capital], Demavand [the mountain range near Rai], Delman [modern Gilan], and Patash-khvargar [an offshoot of the Aparsen Range].
	irantarikh.com /persia/krnmak.htm (5228 words)

	Detail Page
		Founder of the Sassanid Dynasty of Persia in 224
		Finally, in either 224 or 226, Artabanus, the king of the Arsacids, faced Ardashir in battle and died.
		Ardashir retired temporarily and in 230 invaded Mesopotamia, attacking all of the camps and garrisons of the Romans.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0125 (547 words)

	Media, Persia, Parthia, & Iran
		A much larger and more vigorous Zoroastrian community is found in the refuge of India, where it is still known by the Middle Persian word for Persian, "Parsi." The Parsis, however, do not accept converts, and the intermarriage of community members outside of India has resulted in a decline in their numbers.
		While the official religion of Sassanid Persia was Zoroastrianism, there was also a Christian community, whose line of Patriarchs "of the East" continues to the present, and refugee pagans were accepted from the increasing intolerance of Christian Rome.
		Most noteworthy in that respect were the last Scholarch of Plato's Academy, Damascius, and his colleague Simplicius, who fled after the Emperor Justinian closed the Academy in 529.
	www.friesian.com /iran.htm (2645 words)

	Persian Period I
		Xerxes was murdered by Artabanus and Spamitres about BC 465.
		Upon Xerxes death, Artaxerxes was convinced to have his brother Darius killed for their fathers’ murder by a man named Artabanus.
		His chief goal was to make one of his own sons king of Persia.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/periods/persiani.html (907 words)

	On Herodotus' Histories
		When Xerxes presented his case to an assembly of the noblest Persians, his deputy, Mardonius, who ‘longed for adventures and hoped to become satrap of Greece under the king,’ exhorted him to action.
		Torn as he was between the two paths, Xerxes was haunted by a vision in his sleep of a tall handsome man urging him to war.
		Greatly frightened, he summoned Artabanus and made him don his regal attire, sit on his throne and sleep in his bed hoping that the same vision would strike him.
	www.shunya.net /Text/Herodotus/TheWar.htm (1093 words)

	PERSIA - ATS Bible Dictionary on StudyLight.org
		In Hebrew Paras, Ezekiel 27:10, a vast region in Asia, the southwestern province of which lying between ancient media on the north and the Persian Gulf on the south, appears to have been the ancient Persia, and is still called Pharsistan, or Fars.
		It is not improbable that, during this period, petty revolutions might have occasioned temporary disjunctions of Persia from Assyria, and that the Persian king was quickly again made sensible of his true allegiance.
		Modern Persia is bounded north by Georgia, the Caspian sea, and Tartary; east by Afghanistan and Beloochistan; south by Ormus; and west by the dominions of Turkey.
	www.studylight.org /dic/ats/view.cgi?number=T1593 (434 words)

	Brief History of Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the reign of Caracalla (211-217), the Romans attacked again, but the Parthian monarch Artabanus V (209-224) resisted the Roman offensive.
		The constant warfare in the west must have weakened the Parthian hold on its vassals, for the Persian Ardashid (Artaxerxes), a descendant of a lord named Sasan, overthrew Artabanus and inaugurated the Sasanid Empire, which would carry on the wars with Rome.
		Hatra, which apparently survived the fall of the Parthian empire, was captured and de-populated by the Sasanian Shapur I (241-272).
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/p/Parthia_brief.htm (748 words)

	PersianDNA™ [THE SASSANIANS] The History of The Sassanians
		The conquest of Persia by Alexander had inaugurated the spread of Hellenistic art into Western Asia; but if the East accepted the outward form of this art, it never really assimilated its spirit.
		Sassanian art revived forms and traditions native to Persia; and in the Islamic period these reached the shores of the Mediterranean.
		The splendor in which the Sassanian monarchs lived is well illustrated by their surviving palaces, such as those at Firuzabad and Bishapur in Fars, and the capital city of Ctesiphon in Mesopotamia.
	www.persiandna.com /his_sassa.htm (1575 words)

	The battle of Plataea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After the battle of Salamis, Xerxes cries and flees to Persia, leaving behind Mardonius and a substantial part of his army in Greece.
		The message is that there will be an amnesty and alliance with Persia, some form of local government for Athens and Persia will rebuild the Temples.
		This is a striking ending and VIP for Herodotus's attitude towards Persia.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /plataea.htm (648 words)

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