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Topic: Artefact (archaeology)

	ScienceDaily: Archaeology
		Archaeology or archeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.
		Artifact (archaeology) -- An artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor.
		Archaeology -- Archaeology or archeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts,...
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/archaeology (1394 words)

	Underwater archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Underwater archaeology is the study of past human life, behaviours and cultures using the physical remains found in salt or fresh water or buried beneath water-logged sediment.
		Shipwrecks (such as The Mary Rose) can also be important for archaeology because they can form a kind of accidental time capsule, preserving an assemblage of human artefacts at a moment in time i.e.
		A working platform for underwater archaeology needs to be equipped to provide for specialist remote sensing equipment, analysis of archaeological results, support for activities being undertaken in the water, storage of supplies, facilities for conservation for any items recovered from the water, as well as accommodation for workers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underwater_archaeology (1218 words)

	Excavating Posts
		This conflation of the artefact to a particular set of physical qualities can be questioned in the light of a usable and accessible cyberspace which extends beyond the capabilities of unmediated, immediate and personal exchange.
		As an extension to this perspective, artefacts and the sense of an artefact found in cyberspace do not necessarily require reference to similar artefacts that are materially understood, and increasingly less so with the introduction of the Internet within the dominant cultures of post-industrial societies.
		For the user, and interpreter of the artefacts fully immersed in the spaces of the Internet, the lack of materiality is irrelevant, as the artefacts and the sense of these artefacts are an intergral aspect of this space.
	www.spaceless.com /papers/3.htm (4605 words)

	Artifact (archaeology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor.
		Examples include stone tools such as projectile points, pottery vessels such as amphorae, metal objects such as buttons or guns and items of personal adornment such as jewellery and clothing.
		The study of these objects is an important part of the field of archaeology, although the degree to which they represent the social groupings that created them is a subject over which archaeological theoreticians argue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artifact_(archaeology) (356 words)

	Excavating the Social
		This position reflects the relationship of the artefact to a post-material world or, at least, a world in which the 'material' orbits in apogee to the experiences of the subject by emphasising the artefactual qualities which are appropriate for the social provenance in which the artefact is found (Miller 1991, 104).
		However, the museum, as an artefact which is itself produced as a consequence of a series of cultural and social conditions which are literally 'set in concrete', imparts a coherence and logic on to the encased artefacts for the assumed audience.
		An artefact may be understood by the presence or absence of certain qualities, however, it only approaches full articulation by being considered in its 'space' and in relation to the other artefacts of that space (Miller 1991, 109-11; Shanks and Hodder 1997, 11).
	www.spaceless.com /papers/7.htm (5159 words)

	Institute of Archaeology UCL
		Major topics covered by this course include: the changing role of finds specialists in museums, archaeological units and universities; the purpose and scope of artefact studies; the presentation and interpretation of artefact analysis; the function of archived materials and reference collections; the potential of artefact studies within education and museums.
		This course will introduce students to a wide range of concepts and ideas used in artefact studies, with a strong critical consideration of the academic and theoretical significance of such research, and a concern for the care, preservation and reporting of archaeological materials.
		Be able to debate the role of artefact studies in archaeology including the potential advantages and constraints inherent within different approaches to artefact analysis.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/masters/components/G120artefact.htm (1238 words)

	assemblage 4 -- The Tyranny of the Field Archaeologist
		Artefact studies are critical to the writing of a contextual archaeology.
		The artefact specialist, grateful for a chance to satisfy the insatiable appetites of parasitic High Street financiers, tugs a forelock and agrees, allowing the manager to wander away, happy that his sausage machine is still grinding away and that a new batch of reports will be delivered in due course.
		The present system of contract archaeology, which is a mirror of the political and economic values of the 1990s, places the emphasis on getting the job done as cheaply as possible rather than in the most archaeologically effective way.
	www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk /4/4bln_cmb.html (3426 words)

	Archaeology : An Introduction - An Online Companion © Kevin Greene 2002
		archaeomagnetism: magnetic properties of artefacts and soils caused by human activities (especially those that involved burning); these properties may be exploited for archaeomagnetic dating of hearths and kilns and for remote sensing (magnetometer surveys and magnetic susceptibility surveys).
		cross-dating: the use of artefacts of known date to establish the age of undated contexts or assemblages in which they have been found; this dating may be extended to other artefacts found in association with them.
		New Archaeology: movement (also known as processualism) that emerged in the United States in the 1960s using a scientific approach to archaeological questions by designing models, suggesting hypotheses and testing them in the hope of establishing laws governing human behaviour.
	www.staff.ncl.ac.uk /kevin.greene/wintro/keyword.htm (2999 words)

	Internet Archaeology. Editorial Policy
		Internet Archaeology is interested in publishing a broad and international range of archaeological research articles that will appeal to everyone, from academic researchers to government agencies to interested members of the public.
		Internet Archaeology (IA) is the first fully refereed electronic journal for archaeology and we have set ourselves the task of publishing articles of a high academic standing which also try to utilise the potential of electronic publication.
		Archaeology is the study of human interaction with the environment and material culture through time.
	intarch.ac.uk /news/edpol.html (1451 words)

	Dvorak Card Game - The Archaeology Team Deck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Whenever an Artefact is played, it adds 'x' minutes to the airtime of the Player who gets ownership of it, and 'x' minutes to the programme's total airtime.
		Artefacts must be played into Trenches; if a Player doesn't have a Trench, they can't gain Artefacts.
		Destroy a Trench and all of its Artefacts.
	www.dvorakgame.co.uk /cardlist.cgi?archaeology (482 words)

	The Antiquity of Man landscape archaeology
		These exercises have been collectively termed "landscape archaeology." The aim, with regard to hominid paleoenvironments, is to map the density distribution of artefacts and their compositional degree of spatial variability, explaining these sites' socio-economic function within an interpretative framework of the surrounding ecological context.
		These artefact systems would be comprised of imported artefacts and manuports, on-site manufactured artefacts, and artefacts which were exported from the locality.
		With the possibility of artefact assemblages created by wood cutting and nut pounding being negligible (although visible at Large Spring on the Eastern Lacustrine Plain), most of the stone tools are predicted to be remnants of early hominid scavenging of larger mammal carcasses, and early hominid hunting of larger mammals.
	www.antiquityofman.com /landscape_archaeology.html (5413 words)

	Category:Archaeological artefact types - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An archaeological artefact is any item that has been made or modified by past human cultures.
		Archaeologists give names to the artefacts that they find.
		These names may not always reflect the true purpose of the item and are sometimes deliberately vague.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Archaeological_artefact_types (92 words)

	BA Archaeology : Archaeology & Ancient History : University of Leicester
		It also aims to equip you with a grasp of essential analytical techniques in archaeology and to develop your understanding of the interrelationship between theory and practice in the interpretation of archaeological evidence.
		Students have the option of streaming their study in the second and third years towards the science-based elements of archaeology (such as human bones analysis, forensic archaeology and ceramic technology), and working towards the award of BSc Archaeology instead.
		In Archaeology students study periods from the earliest Stone Age to the twentieth century, and much of what lies between, and you will also have the opportunity to learn a wide variety of methodological skills.
	www.le.ac.uk /archaeology/ug/ug_archaeology.html (929 words)

	Antiquity, Project Gallery: Owen & Steele
		Archaeology is no longer a discipline solely for academics; instead it is a subject worthy of interest to even the youngest minds.
		Archaeology has been used as the primary educational tool in exciting and involving children in their local heritage and cultural issues in and around Adelaide, South Australia.
		Schools archaeology concerns the education of children regarding the methods, theories and practices of archaeology.
	antiquity.ac.uk /ProjGall/owen/owen.html (828 words)

	Artefact Catalog Codes - London Museum of Archaeology
		While one of the early purposes of these, to minimize space in computer files, has been made redundant by cheap very large disk storage, the codes are still commonly used to expedite data entry for computer processing.
		The code scheme used by the London Museum of Archaeology has become something of a de facto standard being used by avocational archaeologists as well as consultants.
		Further as the London Museum of Archaeology is the natural spot for final disposition of any artefactual material from the London area, use of the museum's codes will facilitate encorporation to the existing collections.
	www.ssc.uwo.ca /assoc/oas/misc/catcodes.html (327 words)

	Archaeological information, sites, excavations and artefacts at archaeologyexpert.co.uk
		Egyptology, as the name suggests, is the study of the civilization and culture known as ancient Egypt.
		The most frequently found artefact on the archaeological excavation site is the potsherd.
		Experimental archaeology is one of the very practical methods of archaeological interpretation.
	www.archaeologyexpert.co.uk (274 words)

	If I understand the concept of this page correctly, it is to deal with the origins of humans whose cranial architecture ...
		Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 12: 51-76.
		The stuff legends in archaeology are made of: a reply to critics.
		Cosmogenic radiation nuclides in archaeology: a response to Phillips et al.
	www.semioticon.com /people/Bednarik_biblio.htm (481 words)

	The Archaeology of the Clay Tobacco Pipe and the Archaeological Study of Tobacco Consumption
		Studies of clay pipes represent one of the major fields of research in Post-Medieval archaeology but one that generally remains under-theorised, fetishising and decontextualising a class of artefact due to its prominence in the archaeological record and its suitability for typological dating.
		This relationship between artefact and function has been assumed to be unproblematical, largely because the pipes are perceived as belonging to a well understood 'familiar' past.
		Like all artefacts clay pipe have life histories or cycles (Gojak and Stuart1999: 44-46) and could enter the archaeological record at any stage during their life.
	www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk /issue6/Cessford_text_web.htm (8530 words)

	Current Archaeology Information Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		AOC Archaeology Group is one of the UK's leading archaeological practices, providing a comprehensive range of services, tailored to our clients’ heritage needs.
		EMAS was founded in 1988 to enable people who were students of the University of London Centre for extra-mural studies to extend their interest in archaeology through an annual programme of lectures and field trips.
		The society is for archaeology, history and conservation in the Epsom and Ewell District.
	www.archaeology.co.uk /directory/results.asp?cat=2&res=1®ion=9 (761 words)

	Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Further discoveries of artefacts and faunal remains were made by Burchell in the 1930s, investigating further different locations several hundred yards to the west of Cross' site (Burchell 1933 and 1935).
		Finally, a body of sediment rich in faunal remains but lacking artefacts was found by Carreck and Marston (of Swanscombe Skull fame) in the northern part of the site in the 1950s, subsequently investigated by Kerney and Sieveking (1977).
		Several sediments containing artefacts and biological evidence have been recovered, but it is uncertain how these relate to each other and to the previously investigated deposits before more detailed analysis.
	www.arch.soton.ac.uk /Prospectus/CAHO/UK.html (1449 words)

	ARCHAEOLOGY WORLD - ARCH3017 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Syllabus: An introduction to archaeological approaches to the analysis of artefacts.
		Issues examined include the concept and practice of classification, technological analysis of the manufacturing process, and an introduction to the study of style and function.
		Both theory and practice of artefact analysis will be covered and students will undertake studies of artefacts in laboratory sessions.
	arts.anu.edu.au /arcworld/aboutus/courses/3017.htm (124 words)

	Virtual Reality in Archaeology book chapter
		One of the main criteria used in deciding on a possible artefact was that the information should require as little interpretation as possible to be turned into an artefact.
		The five artefacts selected for inclusion in the VE are: senet (a board game for two players); shaduf (a device used for raising water from the river (see Figure 6)); the brick mould; weights and measures (cubit); and the mirror.
		It is important that archaeology professionals empower themselves by becoming familiar with the technologies behind the new media.
	www.doc.mmu.ac.uk /RESEARCH/virtual-museum/Pubs/caa98/book.html (4337 words)

	CBA Community Archaeology Forum: Artefact Identification
		This page is designed for users to ask questions about artefacts they might have found, but cannot identify.
		You can either write a description of the artefact, or if you have been given access to upload images, use the attachment box at the bottom of this page to send an image in, and add it to the page using the following code:
		The item below is shown to suggest the format you might add your questions.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /communityarchaeology/wikka.php?wakka=ArtefactIdentification&show_comments=1 (237 words)

	Untitled Document
		As voluntary assistant archaeologist for SECAR Joanna's duties include excavation, design of advertising, grant applications, artefact processing, human remains analysis, and she is the editor of the monthly SECAR newsletter.
		She is particluarly interested in artefact analysis, ethnography and museum curatorship.
		She is part of the SECAR excavation team, and also assists artefact processing, and she is the co-ordinator of the Young Archaeologists Club.
	www.secar.org /Staff.html (498 words)

	Archaeology - Maritime Archaeology
		teaching in the discipline and discoveries of archaeology, and a centre for research in the rich heritage of Aboriginal and the wider Australian society from an archaeological perspective.
		Museum staff are involved in developing artefact management and cataloguing strategies, outreach and wreck access programs, site inspection techniques, and studies of diverse maritime sites, such as iron ship archaeology, and underwater aviation archaeology.
		The Diploma of Applied Maritime Archaeology is designed as a one-year full-time programme requiring two semesters of study with diving to take place in the summer months.
	www.archaeology.arts.uwa.edu.au /postgraduate/maritime_archaeology (439 words)

	[No title]
		ExplanationOriginally, the goal of archaeology had been to reconstruct the past.
		They said archaeology must work to actually explain the changes that occurred in the past.
		The projects of the New Archaeology should be designed to answer specific questions, not to generate more data that might not be relevant.
	rspas.anu.edu.au /~benm/CMU/ppparch.ppt (410 words)

	Bristol University - Department of Archaeology and Anthropology - Degree Programmes
		During the second year, students study the archaeologies of a number of peoples and cultures, while continuing to refine their practical skills and theoretical foundations.
		During the final year, students study scientific techniques in archaeology, and heritage issues, as well as subject-specific units that are directly related to staff research, enabling students to work with cutting-edge data, theories and interpretations.
		The archaeology pathway combines practical field skills with theoretical and regional knowledge and gives a time depth in which to place the diversity of human societies.
	www.bris.ac.uk /archanth/undergrad/undergrad_courses.html (914 words)

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