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Battle of Artemisium

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	Random House : Book extract from Salamis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Greeks were based at Artemisium on the northern tip of the island of Euboea; the Persians were about ten miles away, across the channel, on the mainland.
		Artemisium was the region’s best harbour because it was large, sheltered, and rich in fresh water sources.
		Artemisium was usually a sleepy place: a scene of blue water, of a sandy beach, and of dark green and silver-grey groves of pine and olive, in August dotted with orange clumps of lateblooming crocuses.
	www.randomhouse.co.uk /catalog/extract.htm?command=search&db=main.txt&eqisbndata=0099451921 (2893 words)

	bloch
		The difficulties concerning the poems on Artemisium and Salamis arise from contradictory evidence in Priscian, the Suda, and the 'new Simonides.' Priscian (6
		Scrutiny of the fragments assigned to an 'Artemisium poem' from the 'new Simonides' reveals that fr.
		The reason for the assignment of this fragment, however, is a supplement that derives from uncertain evidence with little clear connection to a poem by Simonides (West, 1993, 2).
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/03mtg/abstracts/kowerski.html (541 words)

	Battle of Artemisium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Battle of Artemisium was a naval Battle between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persians in 480 BC.
		The Persians at first met the Greeks off the coast of Thessaly, at Aphetae, close to Thermopylae, as the Athenian commander Themistocles attempted to delay the Persians while the island of Euboea was being evacuated.
		The Greeks began to retreat from Artemisium, heading south along the coast of Euboea, while Themistocles left messages for the Ionian contingents of the Persian fleet, urging them to defect to their fellow Greeks.
	battle-of-artemisium.iqnaut.net (529 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		However this might be, Scyllias no sooner reached Artemisium than he gave the Greek captains a full account of the damage done by the storm, and likewise told them of the ships sent to make the circuit of Euboea.
		Their arrival, and the news (which reached Artemisium about the same time) of the complete destruction by the storm of the ships sent to sail round Euboea, greatly cheered the spirits of the Greek sailors.
		When the Greeks, on their withdrawal from Artemisium, arrived off Chalcis, the Plataeans disembarked upon the opposite shore of Boeotia, and set to work to remove their households, whereby it happened that they were left behind.
	classics.mit.edu /Herodotus/history.8.viii.html (10214 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		So the Greeks on receiving these tidings held a council, whereat, after much debate, it was resolved that they should stay quiet for the present where they were, and remain at their moorings, but that after midnight they should put out to sea, and encounter the ships which were on their way round the island.
		Their arrival, and the news (which reached Artemisium about the same time) of the complete destruction by the storm of the ships sent to sail round Euboea, greatly cheered the spirits of the Greek sailors.
		When the Greeks, on their withdrawal from Artemisium, arrived off Chalcis, the Plataeans disembarked upon the opposite shore of Boeotia, and set to work to remove their households, whereby it happened that they were left behind.
	www.piney.com /Heredotus8.html (14880 words)

	Battle of Artemisium - Military History Wiki
		The Battle of Artemisium was a naval battle between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persians during the Greco-Persian Wars.
		The Persians at first met the Greeks off the coast of Thessaly, at Aphetae, close to Thermopylae, as the Athenian commander Themistocles attempted to delay the Persians while the island of Euboea was being evacuated.
		The Greeks began to retreat from Artemisium, heading south along the coast of Euboea, while Themistocles left messages for the Ionian contingents of the Persian fleet, urging them to defect to their fellow Greeks.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Battle_of_Artemisium&redirect=no (536 words)

	Summary of and commentary on Herodotus' Histories, book 8
		Immediately, the Greeks attack their opponents, destroying the vessels of the Cilician contingent in the Persian navy and returning to Artemisium at sunset.
		On the first day after the battles at Thermopylae and Artemisium, Xerxes' marines visit the place where Leonidas is defeated.
		But even if the Greeks were not defeated, they were forced to retreat from Artemisium, because Thermopylae had fallen: from now on, the position of the Greek navy was precarious, because it had no longer any cover in the rear.
	www.livius.org /he-hg/herodotus/logos8_23.html (1092 words)

	The Battle of Artemisium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although the Athenians had the most ships in the fleet (127), they gave up leading in "the interest of national survival, knowing that a quarrel about the command would certainly mean the destruction of Greece (VIII, 3).
		When the Greeks arrived at Artemisium, they found a much larger Persian fleet at Aphetae then they had expected and considered turning back for home.
		The Euboeans bribed Themistocles, who in turn bribed Eurybiades and the Corinthians so that the Greek fleet stayed where it was.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~klio/gr/per-war/DOCS/artemisium1.html (157 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: the naval battle of Artemisium (480 BCE)
		The Greeks, unofficially commanded by the Athenian Themistocles, understood that they had to annihilate the Persian transport fleet; without its support, the army would be forced to return.
		A first attempt to stop the Persian fleet was attempted between Cape Artemisium and Magnesia (background).
		In September, the Persian navy had become too small and the Greeks could overcome their enemies during the naval battle of Salamis.
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/artemisium/artemisium.html (258 words)

	artemisium
		Thermopylae was close enough to the harbor at Artemisium to allow a coordinated land-sea strategy.
		Ironically, after surviving the battles of Marathon, Artemisium, Salamis and Plataea, Aeschylus was killed when an eagle mistook...
		There's one column remaining of the Artemisium of Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnessus and the Colossus of Rhodes.
	www.halleuropeanhistory.com /top/sites/10/1/artemisium.html (612 words)

	Turquiareal.Arte.Historia.Mitologia.El Portal Real de Turismo Cultural..@@@@>
		El colosal edicifio que se erigiría a continuación, el Artemisium, data de mediados del siglo vi a.C. Durante el reinado de Creso, el último y más famoso rey lidio, los efesios se vieron obligados a abandonar su puerto fortificado y trasladarse al interior, a un nuevo lugar cerca del Artemisium.
		El Artemisium helenístico fue construido en la misma escala colosal de su antecesor arcaico, y su decoración escultórica, aún más espléndida, hizo que fuera incluido entre las Siete Maravillas del mundo antiguo, junto con el mausoleo de Halicarnaso.
		El Artemisium helenístico se alzaba sobre un crepidoma o basamento escalonado de 2,68 m de altura, con un estilóbato de 55,1 x 115 m, tres veces mayor que el del Partenón.
	www.turquiareal.com /efeso.htm (1582 words)

	A Commentary on Xerxes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is chosen because the road that goes from the north to south Greece passes close to the sea, it is mountainous, and also a very narrow road.
		This is even more absurd, as the Greeks, in the course of making this move, decide to return to Artemisium after hearing of the Persians‘ disaster.
		It would be madness to abandon Artemisium which is perfect for Greek defence.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /xerxes.htm (5205 words)

	HERODOTUS - THE HISTORY - FULL TEXT - THE EIGHTH BOOK - URANIA - Athenaeum Library of Philosophy
		And now, the remainder of the Grecian sea-force, hearing that the fleet which had been at Artemisium, was come to Salamis, joined it at that island from Troezen—orders having been issued previously that the ships should muster at Pogon, the port of the Troezenians.
		Of the islanders, the Eginetans furnished thirty ships—they had a larger number equipped; but some were kept back to guard their own coasts, and only thirty, which however were their best sailers, took part in the fight at Salamis.
		The Persian troops were landed on the islet of Psyttaleia, because, as soon as the battle began, the men and wrecks were likely to be drifted thither, as the isle lay in the very path of the coming fight—and they would thus be able to save their own men and destroy those of the enemy.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /herodotus08.htm (15599 words)

	Book 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		[8.2] Such were the nations which furnished vessels to the fleet now at Artemisium; and in mentioning them I have given the number of ships furnished by each.
		[8.42] And now, the remainder of the Grecian sea-force, hearing that the fleet which had been at Artemisium, was come to Salamis, joined it at that island from Troezen - orders having been issued previously that the ships should muster at Pogon, the port of the Troezenians.
		[8.45] The Megarians served with the same number of ships as at Artemisium; the Ambraciots came with seven; the Leucadians (who were Dorians from Corinth) with three.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /Text/Book8.htm (7704 words)

	GMT GAMES Great Battles of History: Salamis Module for War Galley
		Salamis, one of the most famous naval battles in history, was a direct result of the Persian need to keep their large, invading army supplied by controlling the sea lanes.
		With Xerxes' army temporarily delayed at Thermopylae, the Greek fleet, based at Artemisium, some 50 miles or so directly east of Thermopylae, took the opportunity to attempt to stop the Persians from extending this Line of Communications.
		At Artemisium the Greeks had learned that, while their crews and marines were superior, the huge disparity in numbers could be telling.
	www.gmtgames.com /gbwg/sal_main.html (466 words)

	From the Origin of Coins to Croesus
		Source Artemisium peripteros with cella in center surrounded by six columns (from Antike Welt, Sondernr.
		Type c with striated side can be understood as an analogous development to type b where a method was employed for keeping the metal from slipping during striking (the striations), and type d an evolution of type c, where a device type was finally placed on the striated side.
		Twenty typed coins from the Artemisium horde are striated (13 with cocks confronting, and 7 with goat’s head and neck).
	www.forumancientcoins.com /Articles/from_the_origin_of_coins_to_croesus.htm (2650 words)

	Temple of Artemis at Ephesus - Crystalinks
		The Temple of Artemis (Greek: Artemision; Latin: Artemisium), also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to Artemis completed around 550 BC at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey) under the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire.
		Like Cybele, the goddess at Ephesus was served by hierodules called megabyzae, and by (korai).
		The site of the temple was rediscovered in 1869 by an expedition sponsored by the British Museum, and while several artifacts and sculptures from the reconstructed temple can be seen there today, as for the original site, only a single column remains from the temple itself.
	www.crystalinks.com /templeofartemis.html (1013 words)

	Battle of Salamis
		His argument depended on a particular interpretation of the oracle at Delphi, which, in typical Delphic ambiguity, prophesized that Salamis would "bring death to women's sons," but also that the Greeks would be saved by a "wooden wall".
		As at Artemisium, the much larger Persian fleet could not manoeuvre in the gulf, and a smaller contingent of Athenian and Aeginan triremes flanked the Persian navy.
		The Persians tried to turn back, but a strong wind sprang up and trapped them; those that were able to turn around were also trapped by the rest of the Persian fleet that had jammed the strait.
	www.molossia.org /milacademy/salamis.html (974 words)

	II
		But the combined fleet of Greece, consisting of three hundred ships, of which two hundred belonged to the Athenians, engaged the king's fleet for the first time at Artemisium, between Euboea and the main land; for Themistocles had betaken himself to the straits, that he might not be surrounded by numbers.
		Hence it came to past that they left Artemisium, and drew up their fleet on the coast of Salamis, over against Athens.
		Xerxes, having forced a passage through Thermopylae marched at once to the city, and as none defended it, destroyed it by fire, putting to death the priests that he found in the citadel.
	www.yorku.ca /pswarney/Texts/nepos-them.htm (1908 words)

	Themistocles. Part 1/2
		There were some who thought this referred to literal wooden walls and argued for building a palisade, but Themistocles insisted that the wooden walls in question were the ships of the navy.
		While the Spartans attempted to hold the pass of Thermopylae, a Greek fleet of 300 ships, 200 of which were Athenian, attempted to stem the advance of the Persian navy at Artemisium, between the large island of Euboea and the mainland.
		When he left Artemisium, Themistocles had an inscription carved on the beach where he thought the Persians might land to take on fresh water, urging the Greeks from Ionia (the west coast of Turkey), who constituted a large part of the Persian navy, to change sides.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/ancient_biographies/108664 (336 words)

	The Baldwin Project: The Story of the Persian War by Alfred J. Church
		And the manner in which Themistocles caused the Greeks to tarry at Artemisium was this.
		For the Greeks at Artemisium sought to keep the Euripus even as Leonidas and his comrades sought to keep the Pass.
		So the Greeks strengthened each other, saying that they should not suffer the barbarians to go from thence into their land, and the Persians were fain to destroy the fleet of their enemies and so get the mastery of the strait.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=church&book=persian&story=ships (1873 words)

	Herodotus: Book Eight
		Eurybiades the Spartan is in command of the fleet; why the allies were unwilling to have an Athenian in command, and why they later changed their minds (2-3).
		The Spartan and Corinthian commanders are cut in by Themistocles, and their objections are quieted (5).
		The Persian fleet prepares to attack the Greeks at Artemisium (6).
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/Hum110/Hdt/Hdt8.html (2040 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Leonidas and the 300 Spartans, as well as Demophilus and his contingent of 700 Thespians, proved their bravery by staying back to allow the rest of the army to escape.
		The Persians had indeed sent out a strong contingent to encircle the Greek fleet, but it fell in a storm off Euboea and was damaged.
		To those forces two more have to be added that defected from the Persians to the Greeks, one before Artemisium and one before Salamis.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Persian_Wars (9377 words)

	Religious Cults Associated with the Amazons: Chapter III: Ephesian Artemis
		Two hundred and twenty years had been spent in the process of building the first temple, and when this was destroyed the Ephesians at once began the construction of another even more costly.
		The older Artemisium is said to have possessed among its treasures four statues of Amazons executed by four of the most distinguished sculptors of the fifth century, Phidias, Polyclitus, Cresilas, and Phradmon.
		The Artemisium at Ephesus was pre-eminently a shrine which gave rights of sanctuary to suppliants, a fact indicative of a wide difference between this goddess and the Greek Artemis.
	www.sacred-texts.com /wmn/rca/rca04.htm (2742 words)

	Artemisium * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		Artemisium * People, Places, and Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		A coastal city on the northern tip of the island of Euboea.
		The Greeks left Artemisium and sailed for the island of Salamis without engaging the main body of the Persian fleet.
	messagenet.com /myths/ppt/Artemisium_1.html (282 words)

	Ancient Greek Battles Of Marathon, Thermopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis
		He travels the 80 furlongs from Aphetae to Artemisium by rowboat and tells the Greeks about the Squid Cape disaster and the special news.
		The Persians, as part of their master plan, is to sail 200 ships around the island of Euboea and surprise the Greeks from the rear.
		It should be known that the battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium are well connected.
	www.geocities.com /caesarkevin/battles/Greekbattles1.html (4712 words)

	War Galley - Salamis \| BoardGameGeek
		Salamis, one of the most famous naval battles in history, was a direct result of the Persian need to keep their large, invading army supplied by controlling the sea lanes.
		With Xerxes' army temporarily delayed at Thermopylae, the Greek fleet, based at Artemisium, some 50 miles or so directly east of Thermopylae, took the opportunity to attempt to stop the Persians from extending this Line of Communications.
		At Artemisium the Greeks had learned that, while their crews and marines were superior, the huge disparity in numbers could be telling.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /game/1895 (450 words)

	Herodotus' Inquiries, Book 8: installment 41
		The Greeks indeed were sailing away to Artemisium, and the barbarians to Aphetae, after they had competed far contrary to their belief.
		Then the third day the generals of the barbarians, having considered something awful for so few ships to maltreat them and dreading the act from Xerxes’ side, no longer waited for the Greeks to begin fighting, but prepared themselves and at the middle part of the day were leading forth their ships.
		For there was on Artemisium a watcher, Polyas, in birth an Anticyrian, to whom it had been assigned (in fact he had a fitted out boat ready) that, if the naval army was disabled, he should give an indication to those who were in Thermopylae.
	www.losttrails.com /pages/Tales/Inquiries/Herodotus_41.html (3338 words)

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