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Topic: Arteriole

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Artery

Total peripheral resistance

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	Arteriole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mean blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the interaction between the cardiac output (the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute) and the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers.
		The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure is due to the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output and determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries.
		The muscular contraction of arterioles is targetted by drugs that lower blood pressure (antihypertensives), for example the dihydropyridines (nifedipine and nicardipine), which block the calcium conductance in the muscular layer of the arterioles, causing relaxation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arteriole (210 words)

	Determinants of renal microvascular response to ACh: afferent and efferent arteriolar actions of EDHF -- Wang and ...
		ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in the afferent and efferent arteriole
		the efferent arteriole (24) and that pharmacological inhibition
		reversed the ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in the afferent arteriole
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/1/F124 (5099 words)

	Effects of angiotensin II on regional afferent and efferent arteriole dimensions and the glomerular pole -- Denton et ...
		arteriole dimensions in the outer, mid-, and juxtamedullary cortical
		Afferent arteriole luminal diameter decreased in response to the 1 and 5 ng · kg
		The diameter of this arteriole decreased markedly in response
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/2/R629 (6269 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		Also sometimes called arteriolae rectae spuriae or false straight arterioles of the kidney to distinguish them from straight direct branches from the arcuate and interlobular arteries that are called arteriolae rectae verae or true straight arterioles of the kidney.
		Isaacs-Ludwig arteriole, an arteriolar twig that sometimes branches from the afferent glomerular arteriole of the kidney to communicate directly with the tubular capillary plexus.
		temporal arteriole of retina, inferior, arteriola temporalis retinae inferior.
	www.merckmedicus.com /pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/dmd-a-060.htm (1423 words)

	Arteriole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Lab 2, I told you that structure A is an arteriole.
		You now know that because there are only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media.
		Although one cannot identify veins by the layers of muscle in the wall, you can be confident that a small vein will generally accompany a small artery, and a venule will accompany an arteriole, and so on (although with the muscular and elastic arteries, they are called medium and large veins, respectively).
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /Van308/arteriol.htm (83 words)

	Karger Publishers
		[45, 46] succeeded in isolation of the renal afferent and efferent arterioles, with an attached glomerulus and a thick ascending limb of Henle loop.
		In the efferent arteriole, we have recently demonstrated that during the angiotensin II stimulation, both PKC- and IP3-associated vasoconstrictor mechanisms are activated in an additive manner [74, 75].
		Although amlodipine predominantly dilates the afferent arteriole in the isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidney [15], this antagonist is also reported to cause a substantial dilation of efferent, as well as afferent, arterioles in the in vivo hydronephrotic kidney [86].
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=223979&Ausgabe=229258&ArtikelNr=72054 (7820 words)

	Follow up of focal narrowing of retinal arterioles in glaucoma -- Papastathopoulos and Jonas 83 (3): 285 -- British ...
		a diffuse decrease in the diameter of the retinal arterioles,
		Focal arteriole thinning may be added to the panoply of morphological features which can be found in eyes with glaucoma.
		Fluorescein angiographic correlation of focal narrowing of retinal arterioles in glaucoma.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/83/3/285 (2850 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The arteriole is at the top of the field and runs from left to right.
		Next note the presence of a prominent internal elastic membrane of the arteriole and its absence in the venule.
		Finally, note that the tunica media of smooth muscle within the arteriole is much more prominent and regularly arranged than that of the accompanying venule.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/micro/cardio/14.htm (115 words)

	NO mediates postjunctional inhibitory effect of neurogenic ACh in guinea pig small intestinal microcirculation -- ...
		by exposing the arterioles to 100 mM isotonic KCl.
		In endothelium-intact arterioles, PE-induced constrictions were significantly attenuated by ganglion stimulation.
		Acetylcholine released from guinea-pig submucous neurones dilates arterioles by releasing nitric oxide from endothelium.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/4/H1441 (3134 words)

	Phospholemman expression in extraglomerular mesangium and afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus -- Wetzel ...
		Phospholemman expression in extraglomerular mesangium and afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus -- Wetzel and Sweadner 285 (1): 121 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		of the proximal and intraglomerular afferent arteriole (36).
		Although arterioles cut in cross section are visible in these images (arrows), the PLM immunoreactivity was predominantly in the EM cells and did not extend around the arterioles.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/1/F121 (4572 words)

	Anatomical Analysis of the Developing Cerebral Vasculature in Premature Neonates: Absence of Precapillary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In this example, the arteriole on the left is darkly stained whereas the arteriole on the right appears lightly stained.
		However, the light appearance of the arteriole to the right is an illusion due to the fact that it is not in the focal plane.
		When the plane of focus is changed to include the arteriole on the right, it appears as darkly stained as the arteriole on the left.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/52/4/554 (3873 words)

	Rodger D. Loutzenhiser
		The relative reactivity of afferent versus efferent arterioles to specific vasoconstrictor stimuli (e.g., angiotensin II) is an important element of renal hemodynamic regulation and is altered in disease states.
		In contrast, vasoconstrictor responses of the efferent arteriole are insensitive to Ca antagonists.
		Angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction is closely coupled to membrane depolarization in the afferent arteriole, whereas electrical and contractile responses appear to be dissociated in the efferent arteriole.
	www.ucalgary.ca /smrg/loutzenhiser.htm (478 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Morphometric and electron microscopic analyses of the effect of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first click is made at the point where the outermost visualized arteriole wall intersects the line and the second at the innermost point of intersection (endothelial cell Hp facing the lumen).
		The study was limited to small arterioles, because the vessel had to be viewed in its entirety on the video screen.
		Again, selection of arterioles for this study required that the vessel be seen in its entirety on the color screen.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200009/ai_n8924548 (1252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Venules may be distinguished from accompanying arterioles by their larger, irregular-shaped lumens which are usually filled with blood, and their thinner walls.
		Note the endothelium and single layer of circularly-arranged smooth muscle of the tunica media in both the arteriole and venule.
		The light staining region between the endothelium and tunica media of the arteriole depicts the region of the internal elastic membrane.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/micro/cardio/cardio.txt (1588 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The process may be myogenic, meaning that as the afferent arteriole is stretched, calcium channels are opened, which cause smooth muscle contraction.
		If there is an excessive load of water on the kidneys, “washout” may occur, which results in the inability of the kidney to concentrate the urine because of a decreased concentration of solutes in kidney interstitium.
		The mechanism for this washout is a decrease in tonic contraction of the efferent arteriole.
	www.muhealth.org /~md2003/draft7/1-22kidney.doc (1090 words)

	Role of Potassium Channels in Regulation of Brain Arteriolar Tone : Comparison of Cerebrum Versus Brain Stem Editorial ...
		Responses of cerebral arteries and arterioles to acute hypotension and hypertension.
		Inward rectification in rat cerebral arterioles; involvement of potassium ions in autoregulation.
		Inward rectification in submucosal arterioles of guinea pig ileum.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/1/218 (3675 words)

	Smooth Muscle Research Group - Rodger Loutzenhiser
		The renal afferent and efferent arterioles are the terminal resistance vessels of the kidney.
		The afferent arteriole, originating at the interlobular artery and terminating at the glomerular capillaries, controls the glomerular inflow resistance.
		The efferent arteriole, which arises from the glomerular capillaries and terminates at the peritubular capillaries in the cortex or at the vasa recta in the medulla, regulates the glomerular outflow resistance.
	www.ucalgary.ca /smrg/rodger.htm (993 words)

	LaserNewsv3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The spider nevus is a dilated arteriole which delivers its blood into a capillary network(1).
		Embolization is effective only on the arterial side in end arteries and arterioles because the flow direction is from larger to smaller vessels.
		Firstly, the immediate appearance of embolus in the feeding arteriole of a spider naevus as demonstrated by the central "fl dot." Secondly, when small spot lasers clear facial telangiectasia (arteriolar capillaries), they do so with damage applied only to the vessel itself, without direct injury to the draining capillary bed.
	www.lasernews.net /lasernews/lasernewsv3.nsf/default/9216A676D097F83488256914006AE35B (1077 words)

	Arteriole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An arteriole is a blood vessel that branchs out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
		Arterioles are muscularized and are considered the primary site of vascular resistance, which determines the overall blood pressure of the body.
		Heart - Aorta - Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins - Venae cavae; - Pulmonary arteries; - Lungs - Pulmonary veins;s - Blood
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/arteriole.html (115 words)

	Encyclopedia: Arteriole
		Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are present in the blood and help carry oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets).
		Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected with each beat of the heart.
		Cardiovascular system The circulatory system or cardiovascular system is the organ system which circulates blood around the body of most animals.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Arteriole (690 words)

	Histology IJS (1)
		The arteriole is lined by an epithelium (E) forming the tunica intima of the arteriole.
		The tunica adventitia is indistinct in an arteriole.
		In this micrograph 2 small axons (arrows) can be seen in the connective tissue adjacent to the arteriole.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /~bms027/TH1.H1.4D1.html (101 words)

	II. Blood Flow and Filtration
		It is apparent then, that resistance upstream from the glomerular capillaries in the afferent arteriole must change as renal artery pressure changes.
		The smooth muscle within the walls of the arterioles respond directly to the stretching effect of a rise in pressure within the arteriole by increasing the contraction of their smooth muscle cells, thereby reducing the diameter of the arteriole and increasing its resistance to flow.
		The TGF mechanism involves the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the close anatomical relationship among the macula densa, the glomerulus and the arterioles of the same nephron (Fig 2-11).
	www2.kumc.edu /ki/physiology/course/two/2_8.htm (544 words)

	APStracts 2:0222H, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Our purpose was to investigate blood flow responses to local and conducted vasodilation in arteriole networks supplying the cremaster muscle of anaesthetized (pentobarbital) male hamsters.
		We tested the hypothesis that, with local release of a vasodilator onto an arteriole segment, conduction is necessary to increase arteriolar perfusion.
		Responses were monitored (n=9) at the site of release (local) and at three upstream locations: at the vessel origin, in the parent (2A) arteriole (diameter, 24 +/- 3 _m) and in the paired (3A) daughter branch (17 +/- 3 _m).
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/heart/May/222h.html (335 words)

	arterioles
		The smallest of the muscular arteries are the arterioles.
		This is a slide of both an arteriole and a vein (green arrow).
		The reason we can call this an arteriole is because of the very few layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media pointed out by the blue arrow.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab7/lab7arterioles.html (254 words)

	Untitled
		distal convoluted tubule and the efferent arteriole b.
		proximal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole c.
		proximal convoluted tubule and the efferent arteriole e.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /kisield/23042293.htm (937 words)

	Renal Myogenic Response: Kinetic Attributes and Physiological Role -- Loutzenhiser et al. 90 (12): 1316 -- Circulation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The kinetic attributes of the afferent arteriole myogenic response
		Photomicrographs illustrating myogenic response of the afferent arteriole in the in vitro perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney.
		C, Afferent arteriole is shown to constrict in response to elevated systolic pressure, although mean perfusion pressure (white circles) was concomitantly reduced.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/12/1316 (4796 words)

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