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Topic: Arthashastra

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	Kautilya's Arthashastra - Spiritual Linkage To Tradition
		Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics written by "king maker" Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty.
		He was the best-known professor in the whole of ancient India (teaching at the "Takshshila Gurukul") for politics and "Arthashastra" (Economics).
		Although the Sanskrit word Arthashastra is best translated literally as Economics, the book devotes much space to investigating the demands of statecraft in an unsettled society.
	www.atmadarshan.com /kautilyas-arthashastra.htm (254 words)

	Welcome to {::} Atma Darshan {::}
		The current paper is based on the critical edition of Kautilya’s Arthashastra by Dr. Kangle (1972) which was taken as the primary source for this study.
		Hence Kautilya’s Arthashastra is addressed to rulers in particular and not to the common man. This is not a Dharmashastra but Arthashastra.
		However, a war in certain cases is unavoidable, hence, preparation and maintenance of the army, the right moves in the battle field and warfare strategies all are essential in the defence of a country, subjects which Kautilya tackles with the extra sensory precision.
	www.atmadarshan.com /events/mgt-funda.htm (3297 words)

	hinduWomenVsMuslimWomen
		About divorce both Manusamhita and Arthashastra say that, if the husband is impotent, a traitor, evil-liver, has become an ascetic or an outcast or is missing for a prescribed number of years, then the wife can leave him without blame and marry again.
		Again, Arthashastra and Manusamhita are excellent sources about the woman's right to property or ‘Stridhan’, (literally meaning, property of wife).
		It is of two types: maintenance (in money or land given by the husband), and anything else like ornaments given to her by her family, husband, in-laws and the friends of her husband.
	hinduweb.org /home/general_sites/hinduwoman/hinduWomenVsMuslimWomen.htm (3046 words)

	BookRags: Kautilya Biography
		Whatever the nature of accounts of Kautilya's life, it is certain that Kautilya was a historical figure and that he was responsible for the compilation of a work on polity, a work that has exerted a profound influence on the development of political ideas in traditional India.
		The Arthashastra was believed to have been lost and was known only through references to it and quotations from it in subsequent works on law and polity in Sanskrit.
		The Arthashastra is not a work on political philosophy, which it treats only incidentally, but a manual of instruction on the administration of a state and ways to meet challenges to it.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/kautilya (480 words)

	DESI - NEWS LETTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Arthashastra, the treatise on Economic Administration was written by Kautilya in the 4th century before Christ.
		It is astonishing to observe that several concepts of present day management theories have been explicitly explained by Kautilya in his work.
		As in the present day management, the importance of vision, mission and motivation was captured in Arthashastra.
	www.studentorg.umd.edu /desi/nl-vol020604.htm (600 words)

	The Hindu : Seminar on `Arthashastra' from Thursday
		An international seminar on Kautilya's Arthashastra will be here from June 13 to 16 to mark the centenary of its discovery.
		This ancient Indian treatise on polity was a popular text frequently quoted from by Indian and foreign scholars, but its existence was in doubt until the complete text was discovered at the Oriental Research Institute (ORI) in Mysore by R. Shama Shastry 100 years ago.
		Scholars from all over the world, including historians, supporting the school of thought that Arthashastra was a compendium of many writers and thinkers would attend the seminar.
	www.hindu.com /2002/06/11/stories/2002061105150300.htm (448 words)

	Biography of Kautilya \| Life of Kautilya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Kautilya (4th century BC), also known as Vishnugupta and Chanakya, is traditionally known as the author of the Arthashastra, the celebrated ancient Indian work on polity, and as the counselor of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya empire.Most of the details of the life of Kautilya are uncertain and shrouded in myth and legend.
		The king is the central point of this vast and sprawling bureaucratic structure, and Kautilya's exhortation to him is to be on guard at all times.
		Kautilya's Arthashastra is often compared to Machiavelli's Prince, with which it shares many common philosophical and practical views.
	www.essayboom.com /biographies/Kautilya-31546.html (308 words)

	Chanakya - 2
		Though Chandragupta’s mentor and maker, Chanakya, has not been explicitly mentioned in these Lankan epigyraphic documents, his presence behind the scene as the deus ex machina is writ large in the whole accounts.
		The battle-ground was chosen, the battle was fought and the peace treaty was made exactly according to the maxims prescribed by Chanakya in his Arthashastra.
		The Arthashastra was composed some twenty three hundred years ago, and very evidently incorporates the Takshashila traditions of Military Science going back to pre-Budha ear, that is before sixth century BC.
	www.defencejournal.com /march98/chanakya2.htm (916 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, Kautilya
		Though it was written at the end of the fourth century BC, it appears to have been rediscovered only in 1905, after centuries of oblivion.
		The title, Arthashastra, which means "the Science of Material Gain" or "Science of Polity", does not leave any doubts about its ends.
		This double standard has been cited as an excuse for the obsolescence of the Arthashastra, though the real cause of its ultimate neglect, as the Indian historian Romila Thapar suggests, was the formation of a totally different society to which these methods no longer applied.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/Ancient/Kautilya.html (515 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Books
		Even Arthashastra, his famous treatise on statecraft and an important source of information about the early Mauryan period, came to light only in 1905.
		The difference is that while the Italian statesman believed in employing any means to preserve the king’s powers for his own sake, Chanakya required the ruler to serve and protect his subjects if he is to be deemed worthy of being the king or the ruler.
		Chanakya’s job was completed when he found Chandragupta a group of loyal persons to assist him and he returned to the spartan life of a teacher at Takshashila.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040111/spectrum/book5.htm (626 words)

	India Book House Pvt Ltd
		If the king misbehaved, his people had the right to remove and replace him.Kautilya’s Arthashastra is a book on public administration.
		It lays down the details on the various affairs of the state, of trade and commerce, law, war and peace, diplomacy, marriage and divorce and of military strategy.
		Arthashastra still remains an excellent textbook of political diplomacy.
	www.amarchitrakatha.com /store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=64 (189 words)

	MacroScan - The New Water Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Wars have been fought over water all over the world; states and rulers have spent much time and energy over the allocation of water; dominant forces have always been able to grab more of this precious and indispensable resource and deprived the less powerful.
		Even Kautilya's Arthashastra, written nearly two millennia ago, talked about the issues involved in the distribution and consumption of water.
		Despite this history, it could be true to say that the past few decades have witnessed an accentuation of water tensions across the globe.
	www.macroscan.com /cur/feb03/cur070203Water_Wars.htm (1366 words)

	KAUTILYA ON THE SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF ACCOUNTING, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN ANCIENT INDIA ...
		It is possible to know even the path of birds flying in the sky but not the ways of government servants who hide their (dishonest) income [Kautilya's Arthashastra, p.
		Kautilya wrote The Arthashastra, the science of wealth and welfare, during the latter half of the 4th century B.C.E..
		The Arthashastra is a theoretical treatise designed to instruct kings everywhere and for all time.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3657/is_200412/ai_n9466070 (948 words)

	Chinmaya International Foundation © - Downloads
		Kautilya’s Arthashastra is the oldest book on Management available to the world.
		Throughout the Arthashastra, references have been made to more than a hundred qualities of leadership, along with the methods of developing them.
		The main focus of the Arthashastra is on creating an ideal society, which can be done only through inspired leaders.
	www.chinfo.org /Downloads.asp?Linkid=7 (718 words)

	Hindu History - The Evolution of Landed Property in Ancient India in the Maurya Imperial Period
		Guided by the Arthashastra, the Mauryan state became the central land clearing agency with the objective of extending settled agriculture and breaking up the disintegrating remenants of the frontier hill tribes whose members could serve as a useful source of providing labourer-cultivators on these newly cleared forest lands.
		According to the Arthashastra, there shall be no buildings, in villages, which could be used for sports and recreational activities.
		This centralised system which was built upon the principle of the Arthashastra, did not create a corollary of feudal lords who could occupy the hereditary position of revenue collectors and earn their own income from retaining a part of the revenue collected.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/landmaurya.html (2862 words)

	IN QUEST OF CHANAKYA'S DICTUMS
		Treatise of Wealth or Arthashastra of Chanakya, the famous treatise on state craft composed some twenty-three hundred years ago was also dealt with in detail in the above- mentioned article.
		Indian's late Prime Minister, Mrs Indira Gandhi, after the successful dismemberment of Pakistan, in 1971, in her moment of glory, boasted that she is an ardent follower of Chanakya and follows the Arthashastra in letter and spirit.
		Her reputed father Pundit Jawahar Lal Nehru was known to consider the Arthashastra as his bible and Chanakya his mentor.
	www.defencejournal.com /april98/inquestof.htm (1149 words)

	Ancient India - Emergence of Mauryan Empire - free Suite101.com course
		In this work of building the empire, it is said that he was ably assisted by Kautalya or Chanakya, who was the Prime Minister in the court of Chandragupta.
		Kautalya wrote Arthashastra, a political treatise, which is quite often compared with Machivalli’s ‘The Prince’.
		An empire with a huge standing army and bureaucracy required a huge resource base which was provided by both imposing different kinds of taxation and collecting tribute from defeated princes of neighbouring territories.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/18730/2154/2?l=0 (361 words)

	Language in India
		Intelligence and tact are always considered to be the essential characteristics that a diplomat must possess.
		Kautilya's Arthashastra and Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural speak about the characteristics that an ambassador and diplomat should possess.
		An insightful understanding of how a State functions, not only the State that a diplomat represents but also the State to which he is an ambassador of some sort, is required for anyone who wishes to function as a diplomat.
	www.languageinindia.com /nov2001/foreign4.html (3369 words)

	Kamat's Potpourri: Amma's Column
		Kautilya's Arthashastra – Part II Continuing my commentary on Chanankya's Arthashastra.
		It is stated in Arthashastra that a king who leived unjust fines, was to offer thirty times that amount to God Varuna (Chastiser of Kings), to avoid divine punishment.
		Such threats as also the threat of hell were great deterrants.
	www.kamat.com /jyotsna/blog/blog.php?BlogID=719 (264 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The first millennium and the few centuries preceding it saw the flourishing of higher education at Nalanda, Takshila, Ujjain, and Vikramshila Universities.
		Art, Architecture, Painting, Logic, Grammar, Philosophy, Astronomy, Literature, Buddhism, Hinduism, Arthashastra (Economics and Politics), Law, and Medicine were among the subjects taught and each university specialized in a particular field of study.
		Takshila specialized in the study of medicine, while Ujjain laid emphasis on astronomy.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Education (2507 words)

	Which was the first instituted espionage agency? - History Forum
		The Arthashastra, written in India around 300 B.C.E. is the first instance of espionage that I can think of.
		The Arthashastra was a political treatise that some scholars think was written during the time of Chandragupta Maurya.
		It was written as a sort of manual of advice for the ruler.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=4744 (855 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		Aided by the wind, the dung heap was on fire and the man behind the Mauryan Empire and the author of Arthashastra was burned to death.
		Arthashastra (literally 'the Science of Material Gain' in Sanskrit) is a classic of statecraft.
		Rangarajan, L.N, Arthashastra by Kautilya (1992), Penguin Books India, ISBN 0140446036
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Kautilya (1607 words)

	India defence looks to ancient text - PakDef Forums
		They believe the book, the Arthashastra, written more than 2,300 years ago, will give Indian troops the edge on their enemies.
		"All of us are excited about the possibilities and do not for a moment think that the idea is crazy," said Professor SV Bhavasar, a space scientist who has spent many years researching the Arthashastra.
		Kautilya wrote in the Arthashastra that a ruler could use any means to attain his goal, and Book XIV touches on aspects of chemical and biological warfare.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=1641 (638 words)

	Playing Arthashastra to identify Chanakyas -- Simulated board game reaches final round
		Playing Arthashastra to identify Chanakyas -- Simulated board game reaches final round
		WHO says board room games are the prerogative of a privileged few?
		Republication or redissemination of the contents of this screen are expressly prohibited without the written consent of The Hindu Business Line.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2001/07/06/stories/140677rc.htm (557 words)

	VICTORIA 4 ALL - Miscellaneous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Rakshasa from the enemy camp to serve as Chandragupta's Prime minister.
		His 'Arthashastra' is a classic of statecraft and is reverently studied even in Europe and elsewhere.
		Chankya is the personification of statesmanship, political craft, spirit of adventure and unyielding perseverance
	maxpages.com /victoria4all/GREAT_PERSONALITIES_OF_INDIA - !http://www.maxpages.com/victoria4all/GREAT_PERSONALITIES_OF_INDIA (928 words)

	Amazon.com: The Arthashastra (Penguin classics) (Penguin classics) (Penguin classics) (Penguin classics): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Publisher: learn how customers can search inside this book.
		The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra by Roger Boesche
		Kautilya, also known as Chanakya and Vishnugupta, wrote the Arthashastra not later than 150 AD.
	www.amazon.com /gp/product/0140446036 (575 words)

	Arthashastra of Kautilya and Fatawa-I-Jahandari of Ziauddin Barani : An Analysis by Arbind Das, Kautalya, Ziya al-Din ...
		Arthashastra of Kautilya and Fatawa-I-Jahandari of Ziauddin Barani : An Analysis by Arbind Das, Kautalya, Ziya al-Din Barani - 8185268452
		Arthashastra of Kautilya and Fatawa-I-Jahandari of Ziauddin Barani : An Analysis
		Add this book to your wish list
	www.allbookstores.com /book/8185268452 (79 words)

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