Arthropod leg - Factbites

Arthropod leg - Factbites
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Topic: Arthropod leg

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	Arthropod - MSN Encarta
		Arthropods sense the environment using a variety of sensory organs, including simple light-sensitive eyespots, simple eyes, multifaceted compound eyes, antennae, abdominal bristles, and receptors on leg hairs.
		Arthropods make up a phylum of invertebrates that includes insects, such as ants, beetles, and butterflies; crustaceans, such as lobsters, shrimps, and crabs; and arachnids, including scorpions, spiders, and ticks.
		Arthropods have adapted to life on land, at sea, and in the air.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557399/Arthropod.html (1165 words)

	Morphology of a spider
		Morphology of a spider: arthropod animal with eight legs and an unsegmented body.
		Fourth leg: fourth locomotive appendage of a spider in relation to its head.
		Third leg: third locomotive appendage of a spider in relation to its head.
	www.infovisual.info /02/051_en.html (128 words)

	Marella
		It was later reassigned to the defunct class Trilobitoidea in the 'Treatise on Invertebrate In 1971 Whittington did a thorough redescription the animal concluding on the basis of legs gills and the appendages on the that it was not a trilobite not a chelicerate and not a crustacean.
		Marella has one too many antennae pair too few cephalic leg pairs and two few segments per leg to be a trilobite.
		Marella splendens is an unusual arthropod known only from a single bed the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia.
	www.freeglossary.com /Marella (499 words)

	Biramous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biramous appendages are best known from trilobites where all the legs -- both on the head and the thorax -- are parts of biramous structures with a gill branching off above the leg.
		Biramous is a term used for branched arthropod appendages.
		Each leg/gill structure will be paired with a second biramous structure on the other side of the body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biramous (128 words)

	Morphology of a spider
		Morphology of a spider: arthropod animal with eight legs and an unsegmented body.
		Fourth leg: fourth locomotive appendage of a spider in relation to its head.
		Tarsus: last part of the leg of a spider.
	www.infovisual.info /02/051_en.html (128 words)

	Arthropod Diversity and Evolution
		The world's largest arthropod, the Japanese giant spider crab, is a crustacean with an impressive 4 meter (12 foot) span from leg tip to leg tip.
		They range in size from less than a millimeter to the giant Japanese spider crab, an animal with a legspan of more than 4 meters (~12 feet) across; fossil species (such as the eurypterids) were even larger.
		One group of arthropods is distinct in that the first pair of limbs on the body are small, pincer-like appendages.
	arthropods.nhm.org /arthropods.html (1786 words)

	Evolution, Discovery, and Interpretations of Arthropod Mushroom Bodies -- Strausfeld et al. 5 (1): 11 -- Learning & Memory
		In amblypygids (D), a grotesquely elongated first leg pair supplies afferents to hundreds of small glomeruli in the first opisthosomal ganglion that spread into supraoesophageal neuropil.
		In pycnogonids (F), glomeruli are arranged segmentally in ganglia associated with the legs.
		leg pair is grotesquely elongated in the amblypygids in which
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/5/1/11 (9240 words)

	Biorobotics Lab
		The kinematically correct model of the front leg of a Blaberus cockroach described in the Arthropod modeling section has a femur-tibia joint that has been actuated using actual EMG recordings from the extensor and flexor muscles of the Blaberus cockroach.
		Below is a video of the leg being actuated with these signals, with the raw EMG signal overlaid.
		Robot V is another cockroach inspired robot, following in many ways after Robots III and IV.
	biorobots.cwru.edu /Projects/onrprojects.htm (224 words)

	Palaeontology - Research - What are Trilobites?
		A single pair of antennae is likely a primitive feature for all arthropods, and the similarity of leg structure along the trilobite body (e.g., without the specialised leg-derived mouthparts of crustaceans or insects) can also be interpreted as primitive.
		Early workers took the geological antiquity of trilobites as evidence that they were the most primitive kind of arthropod, and may have included the ancestors of crustaceans and chelicerates.
		Arthropods are the most species-rich animal phylum living today, and have been the most diverse group of multicellular animals since the Early Cambrian.
	www.austmus.gov.au /palaeontology/research/trilobites02.htm (970 words)

	Mechanics of cuticular elastic energy storage in leg joints lacking extensor muscles in arachnids -- Sensenig and Shultz 206 (4): 771 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Key words: leg joint, extensor muscle, arachnid, transarticular sclerite, arthropod, elastic energy storage, resilience
		sclerites were measured as the joint was rotated through angles and
		of a transarticular sclerite is more similar to the flight and
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/206/4/771 (374 words)

	NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF GENEVA: Scientific department, Arthropodology and Entomology I, exhibition,
		The Giant Japanese Spider Crab is the largest extant crustacean species (leg span up to 3.7 m, weight up to 20 kg), living in deep waters (50-300 m) near the Pacific coast of Japan.
		The main representatives of the regional arthropod fauna are displayed on the ground floor, and on the 2nd floor a systematic overview of all existing groups of arthropods is given.
		The latter shows exihibits of crustaceans (with two impressive Giant Japanese Spider Crabs), arachnids (with a show-case of biofluorescent scorpions under UV-light), myriapods and insects (with the exception of four orders presented by the Department of Entomology II).
	www.ville-ge.ch /musinfo/mhng/page-e/artoexpo.htm (193 words)

	Biramous
		Arthropod appendages that are biramous have two branches, an outer branch and an inner branch.
		These branches may have separate functions; in crustaceans, for instance, the inner branch of a leg is used for walking, while the outer branch may be paddle-shaped or feathery and often functions as a gill.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Metazoan/B/Biramous.html (50 words)

	American Zoologist: Morphogenesis and homology in arthropod limbs
		On morphological grounds it is difficult to identify the major limb axis (termed endopod) to serve as a landmark for defining other branches because multibranched, phyllopodous limbs often have few or no joints-the essential feature of leg segmentation-and similarly lack iterated musculature.
		Limbs with two branches, termed biramous, have a medial branch (endopod) which, like a uniramous limb, is segmented and rod-- shaped; the second branch (exopod) is unsegmented and arises laterally.
		To understand the pathway of transformation from biramous to other limb morphologies, one would ideally map limb morphology onto an independent phylogeny.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_199906/ai_n8833603 (1212 words)

	nacotr.html
		Be aware this is one side of the trace, the other set of leg impressions from the opposite side of the body are missing here.
		All specimens were found at one locality, along with other arthropod trace fossils including Cruzianna.
		Trace fossils include gastropod grazing traces, limuloid tracks, cruzianna like traces, and many unusual crustacean burrows.
	www.psiaz.com /Schur/azpaleo/nacotr.html (1212 words)

	Chelonethida (Pseudoscorpionida)
		Quite a few pseudoscorpions engage in the behavior called phoresy in which a pseudoscorpion grasps a larger arthropod, usually an insect, by a leg and is carried from place to place.
		All are predacious, feeding on the body juices of other arthropods and small invertebrates, after immobilizing the prey with the palpal chelae and chelicerae.
		The chelicera bears several setae some of which are grouped together into a flagellum; two serrulae along the inner margin of the fingers; and usually a galea, or spinneret, on the movable finger.
	antitruster50.tripod.com (786 words)

	Natural Perspective: Joint-Legs (Phylum Arthropoda)
		Arthropoda, the jointed leg spineless creatures of the world, are among the most maligned of all animals.
		The majority of Arthropoda -- 290,000 species -- are insects.
		Many people adore Butterflies of the Order Lepidoptera and the ancient Egyptians even worshipped the Scarab Beetle of Order Coleoptera but on the whole, when modern governments spend money on Arthropods it is to find a way of eradicating them.
	perspective.com /nature/animalia/arthropoda.html (786 words)

	MSN Encarta - Crustacean
		Although most crustaceans are small, they vary widely in form and include such large members as lobsters up to 60 cm (24 in) long and a spider crab with a leg span of 3.6 m (12 ft).
		Crustacean, common name for any of a group of mainly aquatic arthropod invertebrates, including the crab, lobster, and shrimp.
		Crustaceans are also successful in fresh water, and a few, such as sow bugs, are common in moist land environments.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761577903 (748 words)

	A COMPARISON OF THREE TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING THE ARTHROPOD DIET OF PLAIN TITMOUSE AND CHESTNUT-BACKED CHICKADEE NESTLINGS
		The majority of contents in all fecal sacs and guts for both species was uncounted fragments of exo- skeleton, leg segments, eggs, setae, spiracles, vegetable material and peb- bles.
		A smaller percentage (17%) of the prey were Orthoptera, a majority of which were the tree camel cricket, Gammarotettix bilobatus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) (Table 1).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v063n03/p0276-p0285.html (748 words)

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