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	Arthur Calwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Calwell made his strongest stand in opposition to Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, and the introduction of conscription to provide troops for the war.
		Calwell retired from Parliament in 1972, by which time he was the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, after serving as an MP for 32 years.
		Calwell died in July 1973 and was given a state funeral at St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/arthur_calwell (862 words)

	Arthur Calwell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Calwell made his strongest stand with his vehement opposition to Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, and the introduction of conscription to provide troops for the war, publicly saying that "a vote for Menzies was a blood vote".
		Calwell is also notable for being only the second victim of an attempted political assassination in Australia (the first being the attempt on the life of Prince Alfred of Edinburgh in 1868.) On 21 June 1966 Calwell addressed an anti-conscription rally at Mosman Town Hall in Sydney.
		Calwell is regarded unfavourably by many for his defence of the White Australia Policy, but his courage in opposing the Vietnam War is remembered with admiration in the Labor Party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arthur_Calwell (983 words)

	Arthur Calwell: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Arthur Calwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Calwell ceased to be Minister for Immigration in 1949 after Prime Minister Ben Chifley's devastating loss to the Liberal Party of Australia (led by Robert Menzies) on December 10th of that year.
		Arthur Calwell remained Opposition Leader until 1967 when he was replaced by Gough Whitlam, who went on to become Prime Minister from 1972 to 1975.
		Arthur Calwell also became infamous throughout his political career for very public difficulties with the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in Australia, many of whom were vehemently anti-Labor during the anti-Communist hysteria of the Cold War era.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ar/Arthur-Calwell.html (777 words)

	Arthur Calwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Calwell made his strongest stand in opposition to Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, and the introduction of conscription toprovide troops for the war.
		Calwell retired from Parliament in 1972, by which time he was the longest-serving memberof the House of Representatives, after serving as an MP for 32 years.
		Calwell is regarded unfavourably by many for his defence ofthe White Australia Policy, but his courage in opposing the Vietnam War is remembered with admiration in the Labor Party.
	www.therfcc.org /arthur-calwell-166691.html (791 words)

	Parliament of Australia: House of Representatives:
		Arthur Calwell is to be commended for having the courage to make a bold and far-reaching decision without fear of public opinion.
		Calwell is predominantly a blue-collar constituency that continues to receive an unfair distribution of wealth and does not fully share in Australia's economic prosperity.
		A substantial portion of my electorate of Calwell is made of young families who are the children and grandchildren of first generation migrants—people who have come here or who were born here and who have managed to get an education, learn a trade or profession or maybe start their own business.
	www.aph.gov.au /House/members/firstspeech.asp?id=amt (3392 words)

	ALOR - OnTarget Vol.4 - No.2
		Calwell falsifies history by stating that, "The Vietnam war began as a civil war when the National Liberation Front was formed to oppose the corrupt Diem regime." Mr.
		Calwell has apparently not heard of the irrefutable evidence provided by the Communists themselves, that when the Diem regime refused to collapse, as was confidently anticipated, it was formally agreed in Hanoi that a campaign of revolution and terror had to be unleashed against South Vietnam.
		Calwell has strongly supported Socialist Harold Wilson's speeding up of withdrawing British forces from South-East Asia and taken the opportunity of reminding Australians that he was opposed to Australian support for the British in Malaya in the past.
	www.alor.org /Volume4/Vol4No2.htm (2583 words)

	100 Years: The Australian Story
		Calwell’s aim was to buttress White Australia, not to weaken it.
		Calwell: Mrs O’Keefeand her children are not important, it is the precedent that’s important;...wecan have a White Australia, we can have a Black Australia but a mongrelAustralia is impossible and I shall not take the first steps to establishthe precedents which will allow the floodgates to be opened.
		Arthur Gar-Locke Chang: Calwell was bringingin migrants, new migrants from Europe welcoming them with open arms,give them free passage and providing them with accommodation on onehand, on the other, people who had worked during the war effort, wartime, out you go.
	www.abc.net.au /100years/EP2_4.htm (908 words)

	BUILDING VIRTUAL BRIDGES - Malta and Australia
		In 1945 the Rt Hon Prime Minister Ben (J.B.) Chifley appointed Arthur Calwell to be Australia's first Minister for Immigration.
		Calwell expanded Australia's immigration base to include migrants from eastern and southern Europe.
		Arthur Calwell, the first Immigration Minister, sought to deport them, arousing much protest.
	www.geocities.com /f_scicluna/calwell.html (1463 words)

	Encyclopedia: Arthur Calwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Arthur Calwell File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time The White Australia Policy was the common designation given to the official policy of all governments and all mainstream political parties in Australia based on excluding non-white people from immigrating to the Australian continent...
		The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and their alliesâ€”notably the United States military in support of...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Arthur-Calwell (2615 words)

	Arthur Calwell - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		Despite his far-sighted immigration policies, Calwell was a staunch advocate of the White_Australia_Policy: while Europeans were welcomed to Australia, Calwell was deporting many Malayan, Indochinese and Chinese wartime refugees, some of whom had married Australian citizens and started families in Australia.
		Calwell left office in 1949 when Chifley was defeated by the Liberals, led by Robert_Menzies.
		Calwell died in July 1973 and was given a state funeral at St_Patrick's_Cathedral,_Melbourne.
	www.erdmond.com /Arthur_Calwell.html (780 words)

	Anti Essays : : Vietnam — How Australia Got Involved
		Arthur Calwell believed that the decision to send troops to Vietnam was a mistake.
		Calwell also said that the war was based on untimely assumptions on the US’s behalf concerning the threat of the North Vietnamese.
		Calwell, A., cited in Simmelhaig and Spenceley, For Australia’s Sake
	www.antiessays.com /print.php?eid=931 (1082 words)

	rufus
		But Calwell certainly got his wish a few months after our conversation when the new Liberal PM, Harold Holt, won a landslide victory – a result that led directly to Calwell’s defeat as ALP leader at the hands of the young Gough Whitlam.
		I was reminded of Calwell’s words when Joan Sheldon rang me a few days after the Queensland election to say she was about to step down as the state’s Liberal Party leader.
		Having followed the three-week campaign closely, this news came as somewhat of a surprise – not the fact that she was thinking of quitting, but that she was the Liberal leader.
	www.thebug.com.au /22june98rufus.html (1044 words)

	Calwell, Arthur Augustus - Australian Trade Union Archives Biographical entry
		Born on the 28 August 1896 in West Melbourne, Arthur Albert Calwell entered the Victorian Public Service in 1913 as a clerk in the Department of Agriculture and later, in 1923, in the Treasury.
		In 1940, Calwell was endorsed by the Labor Party (ALP) for the seat of Melbourne which he won in that year's election.
		Calwell was then elected to lead the ALP in 1960 but failed to overcome the Menzies Government in the polls.
	www.atua.org.au /biogs/ALE1230b.htm (177 words)

	Labor's 2001 Capitulation Should Be Forgiven, But Not Forgotten: Tanner [September 19, 2003]
		Arthur Calwell had the heart and imagination to see the part Australia could play in relieving the suffering of millions of European refugees.
		In 1944 Calwell wrote to Ben Chifley about his dream 'to develop a heterogeneous society: a society where Irishness and Roman Catholicism would be as acceptable as Englishness and Protestantism, where an Italian background would be as acceptable as a Greek, a Dutch or any other'.
		The Arthur Calwell Memorial Forest planted in Israel in 1996 reflects the depth of gratitude felt by the Jewish community.
	www.australianpolitics.com /news/2003/09/03-09-19a.shtml (3067 words)

	Quadrant Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Evatt's successor as leader from 1960 to 1967, Arthur Calwell, inherited a severely damaged party, dominated by the left-wing unions and was unable - and did not try very hard - to restore his party's electoral credibility, though to his credit he got it looking a bit better.
		One of the less publicly understood reasons was that Calwell, although alternative prime minister, was virtually a prisoner of the left-wing unions at the Melbourne Trades Hall, which controlled his endorsement as an ALP parliamentary candidate.
		Arthur Calwell, Evatt's successor, tried to do it by charm, of which his supply was erratic.
	www.quadrant.org.au /php/archive_details_list.php?article_id=962 (4979 words)

	ALP: Lindsay Tanner, Member for Melbourne
		Calwell pushed the boundaries of racial inclusion at a time when it was extremely politically risky to do so.
		Through passionate advocacy and dogged determination, Arthur Calwell won community acceptance for an enormous influx of people he dubbed “New Australians” - and he was so successful that the term itself later came to be seen as condescending.
		In a world where compassion is almost a dirty word and pragmatism has become an end unto itself, it is time to unite in shared idealism, honour the courage and conviction of Arthur Calwell, and harness the optimism and generosity of young Australians.
	www.safecom.org.au /tanner.htm (2658 words)

	Harold Holt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this position he continued and expanded the massive immigration program begun by his Labor predecessor, Arthur Calwell.
		His career was nearly derailed in 1961 when his economic policies caused a recession which came close to losing the 1961 election for the Liberals.
		Holt's major challenge in office was the Vietnam War, to which Menzies had committed Australian troops in support of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_Holt (813 words)

	Recollections of the struggle against the Vietnam War
		It's worth recording the fact that the courageous and early opposition of the Labor federal opposition leader, Arthur Calwell, to conscription and the dispatch of Australian troops to Vietnam was the major initial factor that made it possible to build a mass movement of opposition to conscription and to the war in Vietnam.
		The fact that Calwell, in the position of ALP parliamentary leader, opposed conscription and the dispatch of the Australian troops, enabled us to reach a far broader audience than we could ever have achieved without Calwell's bold stand on the question.
		The battles of those days are reflected, for instance, in the rather venomous attitude adopted towards Arthur Calwell by Tom Uren in his autobiography.
	www.angelfire.com /pr/red/vietnam_war/recollections_vietnam_war.htm (2638 words)

	Racism in Australia: where it comes from
		Labor's immigration minister, Arthur Calwell, even denied entry to Japanese spouses of Australian military personnel.
		Whitlam did differ with Calwell on the white Australia policy, but he was motivated by only one thing: big business interests.
		Calwell's old-fashioned desire to protect white workers' privileges was replaced by Whitlam's more far-sighted drive into Asian markets and supplies of cheap labour.
	www.angelfire.com /pr/red/black_nationalism/racism_in_australia.htm (3306 words)

	Arthur Calwell's last hurrah, Vietnamese dictator Ky and
		The Labor leadership of Arthur Calwell is on the skids but he's still defiant.
		Calwell agrees to address a protest against the war.
		Whatever we've done subsequently, the best part of our lives was when we were united, despite our differences, in genuine comradeship, as part of the minority that became the majority against the then popular, but totally unjustified, Australian involvement in Vietnam.
	members.optusnet.com.au /spainter/67memoir.html (858 words)

	The Whitlam Institute: The Whitlam Collection: Motion of Condolence - Mr Arthur Calwell
		Sir Robert Menzies, in his tribute, has perceived that only somebody with Arthur Calwell’s credit and credentials in the Labor movement of that time could have carried this out.
		The tributes to Arthur Calwell have also emphasised the three commanding influences and attachments in his life—his country, his Party, his church.
		Our late colleague would not, I think, have resented the comparison or resisted the conclusions we may draw about the causes of the failures as well as the triumphs of his long and remarkable career, the flaws as well as the great qualities of this remarkable Australian.
	www.whitlam.org /collection/1973/19730821_Arthur_Calwell (832 words)

	Old Parliament House \| The Political Cartoons of John Frith \| The Herald
		Arthur Calwell had led the party since the retirement of Doc Evatt in 1960.
		In February 1967, Calwell stood down from the leadership, providing an opportunity for Gough Whitlam to take the helm—an opportunity Whitlam grasped with both hands.
		In this cartoon, Prime Minister John Gorton and his deputy Jack McEwen test the political water, while Labor leaders Gough Whitlam, Arthur Calwell and Jim Cairns anxiously look on.
	oph.gov.au /frith/theherald-10.html (151 words)

	Pictures Catalogue - King, P. I. [Portrait of Arthur Calwell] [picture] / - fullindex.htm test
		King, P. [Portrait of Arthur Calwell] [picture] / P.I. King.
		Calwell, Arthur A. (Arthur Augustus), 1896-1973 -- Portraits.
		If you wish to use it for any other purposes, you must complete the Request for permission form.
	nla.gov.au /nla.pic-an10488254 (78 words)

	Arthur Calwell Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Arthur_Calwell (1128 words)

	"Populate or perish" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Before the war concluded, the Department of Information, headed by Arthur Calwell, began to develop a plan to populate Australia.
		Policies which included encouragement of natural growth were pursued by the government and in fact the birth rate had risen significantly during the war.
		The Commonwealth Department of Immigration, under the leadership of Arthur Calwell, handled all aspects of migrant selection, financial arrangements associated with bringing them to Australia, reception on arrival, temporary accommodation and placement in employment.
	john.curtin.edu.au /1940s/populate (1061 words)

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