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Topic: Arthur Koestler

	Arthur Koestler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Koestler's multilingualism was principally due to his having resided, worked, or studied in Hungary, Austria, Germany, Palestine (pre-1948 Israel), the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France, all by 40 years of age.
		Koestler was married to Dorothy Asher (1935-50), Mamaine Paget (1950-52), and Cynthia Jefferies (1965-83).
		Koestler was involved in a number of political causes during his life, from Zionism and communism to anti-communism, voluntary euthanasia, and campaigns against capital punishment, particularly hanging.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arthur_Koestler (2859 words)

	Arthur Koestler - Wikipedia
		Koestler blieb trotzdem zunächst dem Kommunismus verbunden, da er die Verhältnisse in Russland damals noch als unvermeidliche "Nachwehen" der Revolution betrachtete und auf ihre baldige Verbesserung hoffte.
		Ab 1940 lebte und arbeitete Arthur Koestler in England und befreundete sich dort mit George Orwell (Eric Blair), der in mancher Hinsicht eine ähnliche Entwicklung hinter sich hatte wie er selbst.
		Koestler sprach fließend Deutsch, Ungarisch, Englisch und Französisch, verfügte aber auch über Russisch-, Hebräisch- und vermutlich auch Jiddischkenntnisse.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arthur_Koestler (1014 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Arthur Koestler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Koestler was born in Budapest, Hungary as Kösztler Artur, and studied science and psychology at the University of Vienna.
		Koestler's book The Thirteenth Tribe advanced the controversial conclusion that European, or Ashkenazi Jews, are not descended from the Israelites of antiquity, but from a group of Khazars, a people in the Caucasus who converted to Judaism in the 8th century and were later forced to move westwards into current Russia, Ukraine and Poland.
		Koestler stated that part of his intent in writing the book was to defuse anti-Semitism by undermining the identification of European Jews with the Jews of the Bible, rendering anti-Semitic epithets such as "Christ killer" inapplicable.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Arthur-Koestler (7866 words)

	Arthur Koestler
		Arthur Koestler was a journalist of genius and an outstanding chronicler of his times.
		Koestler never ceased to be concerned with the 'human predicament' and saw science as the most likely source of a new ethical system and the solution to the endemic problems of conflict in human society, but this was not always clear.
		Koestler confessed to an inferiority complex (indeed, he jokingly bragged that his was bigger than most), which he blamed on the way he was raised by his parents and their domestic employees.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/c/cesarini-koestler.html (1945 words)

	Arthur Koestler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Arthur Koestler (1905 - 1983) was a novelist, political activist, and social philosopher.
		Koestler was educated at the University of Vienna.
		Koestler stated that part of his intent in writing the book was to defuse anti-semitism by undermining the identification of European Jews with the Jews of the Bible, rendering anti-semitic epithets like "Christ killer", for example, inapplicable.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Arthur_Koestler.html (837 words)

	BookPage Nonfiction Review: Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind
		Arthur Koestler's novel of ideas, Darkness at Noon, was originally published in England in 1940 to great acclaim.
		Koestler (1905-1983) was one of the major intellectual voices on the Cold War and other issues in the English-speaking world of his time.
		Koestler "was an acute observer, combining a clear perception of things and places with an ability to describe them precisely and concisely.
	www.bookpage.com /9912bp/nonfiction/arthur_koestler.html (372 words)

	Arthur Koestler
		Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon (1940) is an eminent instance of one of my favorite sub-literary genres, the Period Piece.
		In his book The Thirteenth Tribe, Koestler argues that the majority of European Jewry is actually descended from the Khazars, a Turkish power that existed in present-day Ukraine that in AD 740 converted to Judaism, eventually migrating westward to present-day Poland and Lithuania.
		In 1980, Koestler became one of the vice presidents of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society, EXIT.
	www.nndb.com /people/178/000057007 (448 words)

	Arthur Koestler
		From 1937 Koestler was one of the main representatives of politically active European authors, whose attacks on the Soviet totalitarianism during the early period of the Cold War separated him from such internationally famous intellectuals as Sartre and Brecht.
		Arthur Koestler was born in Budapest as the son of Henrik K. Koestler, an industrialist and inventor, and Adele (Jeiteles) Koestler.
		Koestler died of a drug overdose - death was reported on March 3, 1983.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /koestler.htm (1847 words)

	Koestler, Arthur. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Koestler broke with Communism as a result of the Soviet purge trials of the late 1930s.
		Greatly concerned in later life with euthanasia and the right to die, Koestler and his wife committed a joint suicide in 1983.
		Koestler combined a brilliant journalistic style with an understanding of the great movements of his times and a participant’s sense of commitment.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ko/Koestler.html (361 words)

	Arthur Koestler - Critical Essays - George Orwell, Book, etext
		Koestler answers, in effect, “Because these people had been rotted by the Revolution which they served”, and in doing so he comes near to claiming that revolutions are of their nature bad.
		True to his life-style, Koestler was caught in France by the outbreak of war and, as a foreigner and a known anti-Fascist, was promptly arrested and interned by the Daladier Government.
		Koestler records some fantastic conversations with fellow victims in the concentration camp, and adds that till then, like most middle-class Socialists and Communists, he had never made contact with real proletarians, only with the educated minority.
	whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au /words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/CriticalEssays/arthurkoestler.html (4409 words)

	Koestler’s Legacy
		Arthur Koestler was born in Budapest, Hungary, on 5 September 1905.
		Koestler’s quiet interest in the paranormal probably stemmed from a mystical experience he had at the age of 14.
		Koestler was intrigued to note that the hooks remained in the wall and the picture-wire was unbroken.
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/201_koestler1.shtml (780 words)

	Arthur Koestler Book Review
		What makes Arthur Koestler's fall into obscurity doubly surprising is that his intellectual trajectory ran alongside that of George Orwell, an author who couldn't be farther from obscurity if he were alive and writing today.
		Arthur Koestler's early meanderings through Palestine and Europe are all recounted with abundant, and often excessive, detail.
		Koestler died under bad circumstances -- a successful suicide attempt ending a nervous and itinerant life full of many attempts that were not.
	www.omnivore.org /JON/orwell/Koestler.htm (932 words)

	The Thirteenth Tribe
		As Arthur Koestler points out, the Khazars were the Third World of their day, and they chose a surprising method of resisting both the Western pressure to become Christian and the Eastern to adopt Islam.
		Koestler's book deals with the Khazar migration to Polish and Lithuanian territories, caused by the Mongol onslaught, and their impact on the racial composition and social heritage of modern Jewry.
		Koestler was an Ashkenazi Jew and took pride in his Khazar ancestry.
	198.62.75.1 /www2/koestler (608 words)

	Arthur Koestler, the West's Most Famous Anti-Communist Intellectual
		Koestler (1905-1983) is best remembered for ``Darkness at Noon'' (1940), the novel that introduced a broad Western public to the fearful insides of the Stalinism he had just renounced.
		Koestler was born in Budapest into a Jewish, middle-class family that was then broken down by war and revolution, and he first studied in Vienna.
		British writer and social critic Malcolm Muggeridge described Koestler at his apogee, in 1946, as ``all antennae and no head.'' His genius was for the specific and the concrete, but he longed to discover and serve a higher unitary truth that would cure mankind of its ills once and for all.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/01/02/RV69697.DTL (931 words)

	Arthur Koestler and Music Theory
		If one were hostile to Koestler’s views, one might with some justification dismiss him as a mere, banal popularizer of science, were it not for his constant contact, and close friendships with, many of the leading figures in the world of science today, as well as his own educational background.
		To Koestler, these two seemingly diametrically opposed views are merely opposite sides to the same coin, since each fails "to take into account the hierarchic scaffolding of intermediate structures of sub-wholes." The dual-aspect hierarchic concept is intended to resolve or reconcile such conflicting positions, without denying any of their merits.
		This is a term coined by Koestler to avoid the tedious, awkward repetition of such words as sub-wholes, sub-assemblies, sub-structures, sub-skills, sub-systems, etc., in referring to those nodes on the hierarchic tree.
	members.aol.com /REBissell/KoestlerMusic.html (9956 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Books: Darkness At Noon, by Arthur Koestler, Mass Market Paperback, REISSUE
		Koestler claims that all communists are all bad because they believe that 'The ends justify the means'.
		Remember that Koestler composed this anti-communist screed when the communists of the Soviet Union were defeating 70% of Hitler's divisions, and that these same communists were saving us all from Hitler's extermination camps.
		Koestler's Philosophy In a tale of a disillusioned communist, Koestler tells his abstract and sometimes outrageous thoughts and answers to questions about human nature.
	search.barnesandnoble.com /booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?userid=ZYw12qOkMM&isbn=0553265954&itm=1 (567 words)

	Authologies: Arthur Koestler
		Koestler s'intéresse à tout, et écrit sur tout, ce qui entraîne souvent l'accusation de dilettantisme à son sujet: le processus de la création, les effets de l'évolution sur le cerveau humain, le paranormal, la synchronicité...
		Arthur Koestler lègue plus de 400.000 livres sterling pour "encourager l'étude des phénomènes psychiques", somme qui servira à créer une chaire de parapsychologie à; l'Université d'Edimbourg.
		Ce que Koestler appelle les call-girls, ce sont les sommités universitaires et autres éminents spécialistes qui, toute l'année, parcourent le monde de séminaires en congrès.
	authologies.free.fr /koestler.html (2064 words)

	Featured Author: Arthur Koestler
		Koestler, while he is a superb journalist of science, misapprehends the nature of the discipline.
		Koestler, 77, who suffered from leukemia and Parkinson's disease and his wife, Cynthia, who was was not known to have had any grave ailment, committed suicide.
		In his appreciation of Koestler, Walter Goodman writes that despite his new interests later in life, for most people, Koestler "will always be the man of action, the questing intellectual, the multi-talented writer who.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/00/01/02/specials/koestler.html (1362 words)

	Arthur Koestler - definition erklärung bedeutung glossar zu Arthur Koestler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Koestler blieb trotzdem zunächst dem Kommunismus verbunden und ging 1937 als Kriegsberichterstatter nach Spanien, wo er von Truppen des Generals Franco gefangengenommen und als Spion zum Tode verurteilt wurde.
		Seit 1940 lebte und arbeitete Arthur Koestler in England und befreundete sich dort mit George Orwell, der in mancher Hinsicht eine ähnliche Entwicklung hinter sich hatte wie er selbst.
		Weitere Erfolge Koestlers waren der Spartacus-Roman „Die Gladiatoren“ (1939), „Gottes Thron steht leer“ (1951) und „Die Schlafwandler“ (1959).
	www.adlexikon.de /Arthur_Koestler.shtml (620 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Koestler, Arthur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Koestler, Arthur KOESTLER, ARTHUR [Koestler, Arthur], 1905-83, English writer, b.
		Arthur Koestler resigns: a discovery in the Moscow archives.
		Koestler, Orwell and the inversion of logic.(George Orwell, Arthur Koestler)
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/07038.html (246 words)

	Arthur Koestler - From Jew to Non-Jew
		Arthur Koestler was a Hungarian born polymath who became a British citizen in the 1950s and died in tragic circumstances in 1983.
		Koestler's 'Ghost in the Machine', published 1967, was a refreshing critique of the neo-Darwinian approach to evolution and the theories of the mind, followed up two years later with 'Beyond Reductionism'.
		Moreover, Koestler was embraced and treated frankly and affectionately by the English writers of his day: Orwell spent a holiday in Koestler's Welsh cottage and chided him for his hedonistic streak; Muggeridge famously said that Koestler was 'all antennae and no head'; Cyril Connolly was a life-long friend.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/koestler.html (10620 words)

	Arthur Koestler
		Koestler posed as a right-wing Hungarian journalist but he came under suspicion and was arrested in Seville in February 1937.
		Koestler moved to France but was interned as a suspect alien.
		Koestler had became disillusioned by the activities of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union and Spain in the 1930s.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPkoestler.htm (2770 words)

	Arthur Koestler: Darkness at Noon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Koestler - who wrote earlier, just before the Second World War - even goes so far as to remark that the one thing the totalitarian state does not do to maintain the illusion of its own righteousness is to doctor the back issues of its newspapers, which is of course Winston's occupation in 1984.
		Having written the main part of this review before discovering the existence of the allegations about Koestler's life (basically, that he was a serial rapist), I was in two minds about whether I should put it up.
		In the end, I felt that this novel was a major piece of work, whatever the personal life of the author.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/6422/rev0151.html (436 words)

	History of 'Holons' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The second observation, made by Koestler while analysing hierarchies and stable intermediate forms in living organisms and social organisation, is thatùalthough it is easy to identify sub-wholes or partsù'wholes' and 'parts' in an absolute sense do not exist anywhere.
		This made Koestler propose the word holon to describe the hybrid nature of sub- wholes/parts in real-life systems; holons simultaneously are self-contained wholes to their subordinated parts, and dependent parts when seen from the inverse direction.
		Finally, Koestler defines a holarchy as a hierarchy of self-regulating holons which function (a) as autonomous wholes in supra-ordination to their parts, (b) as dependent parts in sub- ordination to controls on higher levels, (c) in co-ordination with their local environment
	www.mech.kuleuven.be /goa/hms-int/history.html (299 words)

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