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Topic: Article (grammar)

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	Grammar - Search View - MSN Encarta
		These types of grammar constitute a part of linguistics that is distinct from phonology (the linguistic study of sound) and semantics (the linguistic study of meaning or content).
		Grammar to the prescriptivist, historian, comparativist, functionalist, and descriptivist is then the organizational part of language—how speech is put together, how words and sentences are formed, and how messages are communicated.
		His idea of grammar is that it is a device for producing the structure, not of langue (that is, not of a particular language), but of competence—the ability to produce and understand sentences in any and all languages.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761558783__1/Grammar.html (1644 words)

	Grammar - MSN Encarta
		Grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of any given spoken language, and, as such, is a field of linguistics.
		This kind of grammar is called normative, or prescriptive, because it defines the role of the various parts of speech (see Parts of Speech) and purports to tell what is the norm, or rule, of “correct” usage.
		A structural grammar should describe what the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure referred to by the French word langue—denoting the system underlying a particular language—that is, what members of a speech community speak and hear that will pass as acceptable grammar to other speakers and hearers of that language.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558783/Grammar.html (1678 words)

	English grammar - encyclopedia article - Citizendium
		English grammar is a set of rules that attempt to describes the structural principles of the English language.
		While grammar is often conceived of as a set of instructions that explains how to form 'proper' sentences, this is only one sense of the term.
		This descriptive view is often at odds with everyday uses of the word 'grammar', where it is understood to refer to rules that have to be learned.
	en.citizendium.org /wiki/English_grammar (910 words)

	Language Log: It's all grammar, one more time
		Not only can bad grammar make it difficult for a particular sentence to be correctly interpreted, but it can also detract from the message by becoming, in itself, a distraction.
		Despite her willingness to consume damn good pie in a den of bad spelling and grammar, she's generally unaccommodating, up to the point of willful misunderstanding: to someone who is asked "Can you spell your name for me?", she suggests responding, "Yes, I can.
		And she pretty much steadfastly refuses to make distinctions; her examples of language gone awry include simple typos (labeled "Typo of the Weak"), ordinary misspellings, word confusions, non-standard forms and constructions, most of the usual shibboleths, and choices she believed to be too colloquial for formal (especially written) contexts (for instance, split infinitives).
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002985.html (551 words)

	Article (grammar)
		In the etymologies of many languages, definite articles formerly were demonstrative pronouns or adjectives; compare the fate of the Latin demonstrative ille in the Romance languages, becoming French le, Spanish el, and Italian il, while indefinite articles originate or are same as the numeral for one.
		For example, French uses its definite article in cases where English uses no article, such as in general statements about a mass noun: Le maÃ¯s est un grain ("Maize is a grain").
		In Swedish, planen is "the plan", and planet is "the plane", and a double definite article is possible, in which a free-standing article (det, den, de) and the definite article suffix are used together (det vita planet "the white plane").
	www.pillscatalog.net /Article_%28grammar%29.html (1077 words)

	Grammar: Encyclopedia - Grammar
		Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language.
		Prescriptive grammars are usually based on the prestige dialects of a speech community, and often specifically condemn certain constructions which are common only among lower socioeconomic groups, such as the use of "ain't" and double negatives in English.
		The formal study of grammar is an important part of education from a young age through advanced learning, though the rules taught in schools are not a "grammar" in the sense most linguists use the term, as they are often prescriptive rather than descriptive.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Grammar/id/1895256 (1079 words)

	[Article (grammar)] \| [All the best Article (grammar) resources at dental.velocityincome.com]
		An article is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun.
		A definite article (English the) is used before singular and plural nouns that refer to a particular member of a group.
		A partitive article indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function.
	dental.velocityincome.com /article/Article_(grammar) (2055 words)

	Research Article: Grammar/Writing Program--Hunter-Joyce's
		By "pedagogical grammars," he means "grammars intended to be used in teaching writing"--a kind of grammar which, he suggests, could be added to Patrick Hartwell's (1985) classification of basic approaches to grammar (4).
		One of these four, one that he cited and made brief comments on as part of the article (2, 4), is the very textbook chosen by Stubbs as the strategic part of the treatment for her experimental group, Hunter's Sentence Sense (1991).
		In the study of Donald Bateman and Frank Zidonis (1964), a grammar based on the generative approach of Noam Chomsky (1956), Robert Lees (1960, 1957), and Charles Fillmore (1964, 1963, 1962) was developed by the investigators in order to teach the process of sentence formation in relation to composition writing.
	writingforkeeps.com /ArticleOnResearch.htm (3318 words)

	Method and system for language translation - Patent 4980829
		A machine translation system capable of performing translation at a high processing speed with improved disambiguation rate in the parsing by applying grammar rules in dependence on the domains to which texts to be translated belong, objects of the texts and rules of sentences in the same text.
		The system includes apparatus for deciding which of the grammar rules stored in the grammar memory should be applied to a given input text, and apparatus for translating the individual parts of the input text by applying the grammar rules determined on the basis of the result of decision made by the deciding apparatus.
		Besides, such a viewpoint that the grammar should be considered to differ in dependence on the domains of the objects for translation is admitted by the grammarians (Reference may be made, for example, to R. Quirk et al "A Grammar of Contemporary English, Section 7, 90, Block Language" Longman, 1972).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4980829.html (4484 words)

	Some Questions and Answers about Grammar
		Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language.
		Grammar can be part of literature discussions, when we and our students closely read the sentences in poetry and stories.
		The second suggestion is that whatever approach you take to grammar, show students how to apply it not only to their writing but also to their reading and to their other language arts activities.
	www.ncte.org /about/over/positions/category/gram/107646.htm (2156 words)

	Grammar - encyclopedia article - Citizendium
		Others may think of 'grammar' as a set of another type of rules, ones which state as simply as possible how words are formed and arranged in sentences.
		The idea that 'grammar' can be reduced to a set of straightforward 'rules', such as "pluralise an English noun by adding -s to the end", is a view that may appeal to educators who wish to put across the most fundamental aspects of a language's grammar in as simple a way as possible.
		Again, linguists reject this definition, as native speakers are intuitively aware of many exceptions to any proposed 'rule', and their understanding and production of language implies the use of a highly complex, structured system which can neither be easily described nor reduced to a learnable list.
	en.citizendium.org /wiki/Grammar (392 words)

	Why grammar should be taught to children
		During the late 1960’s and the early 1970’s, education, influenced by the social changes of the 60’s went through a period where the teaching of grammar was thought to be stifling to creativity.
		It is time to stop giving grammar a bad name and look at it for what it is: a technique.
		Grammar is not only a valuable tool for creative writing but also a wonderful aid for teaching.
	www.dltk-kids.com /articles/why_grammar.htm (649 words)

	Spanish Grammar: definite article part one
		In English, the definite article is the word "the" regardless of whether the noun it introduces is singular or plural.
		In Spanish, the definite article has 4 forms, depending on whether the noun is masculine, feminine, singular or plural.
		In Spanish, the indefinite article has 4 forms, depending on whether the noun is masculine, feminine, singular or plural.
	www.studyspanish.com /lessons/defart1.htm (329 words)

	COROLLARY THEOREMS - ENGLISH GRAMMAR: ARTICLE
		Articles take the same syntactic function as their determined nouns, which means, articles are (part of) subjects, (noun) attributes, objects, or (noun origin) adverbials.
		For example, the definite article "the" is pronounced differently when it accompanies a noun starting with a consonant or a vowel, although the written form is exactly the same in either case.
		Indefinite article is used to mark its determined noun as being a typical/ordinary representative of its group/category/kind.
	www.corollarytheorems.com /Grammar/articles.htm (632 words)

	Sep/01: Opinion Article : Bad Grammar, Bad Impression
		When students are home for summer vacation, they spend all of their time with parents, family members and friends who may or may not make grammar a priority.
		Grammar must become a priority, not just in the English class, but in every class and also in every home.
		Bad grammar can be eradicated in West Virginia through a comprehensive, statewide effort focusing on children and all who teach them.
	wvde.state.wv.us /news/361 (538 words)

	The beauty of language lost on 'Grammar Vandal' - The Boston Globe
		When I read the article about "Grammar Vandal" Kate McCulley ("Stop sign travesties!," July 15, City Weekly), I was mildly annoyed, but decided not to write because I was sure plenty of letters would pour in about the elitist attitude of both the author and subject of the article.
		Sadly, the only letters I saw published a week later had to do with the fact that the Grammar Vandal was not as much of a grammar expert as we had been led to believe.
		People are complicated; the rules of grammar can only dictate what is acceptable to the pedantic, but never what is emotionally correct to the speaker.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2007/07/29/the_beauty_of_language_lost_on_grammar_vandal (503 words)

	[No title]
		These rules are never mentioned in style manuals or school grammars because the authors correctly assume that anyone capable of reading the manuals must already have the rules.
		This, of course, is nonsense from beginning to end (Black English Vernacular is uncontroversially a language with its own systematic grammar), but there is no point in refuting this malicious know-nothing, for he is not participating in any sincere discussion.
		By the logic of grammar, the pronoun is free to have any case it wants.
	pinker.wjh.harvard.edu /articles/media/1994_01_24_thenewrepublic.html (6700 words)

	French Grammar: Articles: Article Omission
		The plural indefinite article, des, is always omitted after the preposition de.
		When a phrase is negated, the indefinite articles (un, une, and des) are replaced by de.
		Articles are frequently omitted after the prepositions avec, sans, sur, sous, par, and en.
	www.languageguide.org /francais/grammar/articles/articles.html (150 words)

	Paul's Lexis - the new grammar article
		The principal tenet of this approach is that the language native speakers use, whether in a formal or informal situation, is not original (i.e.
		With course materials now in the process of freeing themselves from inherited blueprints and conventions and embracing new outlooks on language learning that downgrade the traditional importance given to the study of grammar, the nature of classroom culture and practice will, inevitably, be called upon to adapt.
		The challenge will be to wean those teachers, and students, schooled in the traditions that have evolved from a grammar-centric view of the language off excessive dependence on grammar structures and rules - and encourage them to reappraise their expectations and understanding of language learning and teaching.
	www.developingteachers.com /articles_tchtraining/lexnew_paul.htm (872 words)

	Developing an Electronic TLL
		Grammars have been used in computer science for many years to define and check the syntax of programming languages (Aho and Ullman 1977).
		The grammar was used to parse and transduce the text of the OED in order to distinguish and tag individual articles and the different types of information contained within each article.
		The grammar shows that the main section of the article may consist solely of a cross reference, or it may illustrate the meaning and usage of the word by collecting a number of citations together in the "word history" section.
	xml.coverpages.org /tll-ach.html (2087 words)

	grammar - AOL Research & Learn
		School grammars for the speakers of a standard language (e.g., English grammars for English-speaking students) are not descriptive but prescriptive, that is, they are rule books of what is considered correct.
		In traditional grammar, parts of speech are defined semantically, i.e., a noun is a person, place, or thing; but in linguistic morphology, parts of speech are defined according to their syntactic function: The difference between nouns and verbs is that they cannot appear in the same environment in a sentence.
		The list of morphemes and their meanings (see semantics) in a language is usually not part of a grammar but is isolated in a dictionary or vocabulary.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/grammar/20051206034709990001 (679 words)

	Grammar nazi - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		grammar nazi's are people whom send j00 to grammar concentration camp's when you're grammar is fucking suck.
		The apostrophe-Fungarian Empire was the product of years of hard work by the apostrophe to do just about anything, beginning by simply taking over letter's such as in the phrase "i'm", were the apostrophe army completely wiped out the "a" armies defense's.
		Grammar nazi's weekness's is seeing a lot of grammar errors.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Grammar_nazi (1215 words)

	Kitao-Testing Grammar (I-TESL-J)
		However, it can be argued that a basic knowledge of grammar underlies the ability to use language to express meaning, and so grammar tests do have an important part to play in language programs.
		This is particularly useful for making a grammar test for testees who are all of the same language group, since the errors made by the writer can be used as distracters.
		For the purpose of a grammar test, the words which fit in the blanks should be function words, such as articles and prepositions.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Kitao-TestingGrammar.html (1303 words)

	Grammar schools 'victims' of new-style tables - Telegraph
		Grammar schools languish at the foot of new-style league tables published today, prompting accusations that ministers are creating "propaganda" against selective education.
		Grammar schools continue to dominate league tables based on raw results.
		Gravesend Grammar School, Slough Grammar School, Dartford Grammar School for Girls and Invicta Grammar School in Maidstone were among the bottom 100 in the rankings.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/uknews/1580086/Grammar-schools-'victims'-of-new-style-tables.html (609 words)

	Article
		In grammar, an article is a type of adjective which makes a noun specific or indefinite.
		In English there are three articles: the definite article the and the two indefinite articles a and an.
		In writing, an article is a brief nonfiction composition such as is commonly found in periodicals.
	englishplus.com /grammar/00000318.htm (67 words)

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