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Topic: Artifact (archaeology)

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	ScienceDaily: Archaeology Articles
		In archaeology, the Iron Age is the stage in the development of any people where the use of iron implements as tools and weapons is prominent.
		An artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor.
		Archaeology, archeology, or archæology is the science that studies human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including...
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/fossils_ruins/archaeology (566 words)

	What is archaeology and why is it important?
		Focusing upon the definition of archaeology as a science this paper shall firstly attempt to define what archaeology is, secondly examine some of the difficulties in archaeological definitions and the problems in interpreting the archaeological record, and thirdly to define why archaeology is important.
		Archaeology has become a science that is no longer the archaic study of antiquity and ancient archaic artifacts; rather it has become a dynamic study focusing upon cultural relevance, cultural context, and the vast overall scheme of a given archaeological picture of a given peoples.
		It is perhaps one of archaeologies largest strengths that in the time span of its existence it has been able to uncover some of the many past life ways of cultures, which perhaps led to their extinction or diffusion into the modern day.
	www.geocities.com /Griffinlady/papers/theory/archaeology.html (1840 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - Archaeology: A Step-by-Step Process (Step 4) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Artifacts arrive in the Alexandria Archaeology Laboratory from the sites in bags and boxes labeled according to the provenience, the specific location where an artifact or feature is found in the ground.
		Artifacts are then placed in a drying rack for at least 24 hours which insures that the artifacts are completely dry before storage in plastic bags.
		Artifact assemblages (all artifacts from the same provenience) are studied together, therefore it is important that each artifact is always marked or accompanied by a label.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/ar-programs-atwork-4.html (1019 words)

	Stone Artifact - Archaeology in North America
		There have been thousands of books and articles written on North American Archaeology in the last century from the well-known to the relatively obscure.
		We are starting the population of this site with state specific information, as we believe that this will provide the most rounded initial collection, and then progress into subject specific articles.
		Many of the articles are from books that are now being reprinted, please check our Archaeology Books Page for availability.
	stoneartifact.com /Default.htm (631 words)

	Burial Box May Be Jesus Artifact, Scholar Claims Inscription Refers To Jesus Of Nazareth - CBS News
		Biblical Archaeology Review editor Hershel Shanks said the owner bought the box about 15 years ago from an Arab antiquities dealer in Jerusalem who said it was unearthed south of the Mount of Olives.
		The archaeology magazine is negotiating to display the box in Toronto during a major convention of religion scholars in late November, and possibly in the United States.
		Until now, the oldest surviving artifact that mentions Jesus is a fragment of chapter 18 in John's Gospel from a manuscript dated around A.D. It was discovered in Egypt in 1920.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2003/06/18/world/main559173.shtml (1204 words)

	Elementary Themes: Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Archaeology is the scientific study of the human past, through excavation and related research.
		Historic Archaeology is the study of people who lived during the past 200 years or so by looking at the artifacts they left behind.
		The purpose of archaeology is to understand how humans in the past interacted with their environment, and to preserve this history for present and future learning.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/arch.htm (336 words)

	Archaeology from the dark side - Salon
		If the Coso artifact was real -- that is, if it was really an example of unknown technology from many millennia before the accepted emergence of Homo sapiens, let alone the dawn of human history -- it would turn everything scientists thought they knew about the past of our species upside down.
		Some were followers of "alternative archaeology," especially believers in a lost Atlantis-type civilization deep in antiquity that gave birth to all the known civilizations of early human history.
		About the only thing that distinguishes the Coso artifact from the rest of the murky realm of fringe archaeology is the fact that no one -- or almost no one -- is still prepared to defend it as an ancient mystery.
	dir.salon.com /story/news/feature/2005/08/31/archaeology/index.html (1079 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Archaeology
		Of more importance is the artifact's "association" or "context", which refers to its location or placement in relation to nearby observed indications of human activities such as living structures, burials, storage pits, fire hearths or work areas.
		Single artifacts or isolated groups of artifacts rarely have much scientific significance, particularly if they are not accompanied with precise information as to their original location and chronological contexts.
		The collection of artifacts for the purpose of selling them individually literally ruins the importance of a site for science and is therefore a highly destructive act.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/arclogy.htm (2531 words)

	Archaeology Online: New Life for Old Dead Things (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Archaeology as a discipline - including the archaeology of the ancient Near East - has long recognized its responsibility to publish all discoveries.
		The overlong lag between discovery and publication is an embarrassment for archaeology of the ancient Near East.
		Whatever the reasons, or excuses, for archaeology the result is the same: data relevant to ongoing field projects and to laboratory research become, in effect, inaccessible, precisely the situation encountered as study of the Halif figurines began.
	www.firstmonday.dk /issues/issue2_6/jacobs (2591 words)

	Open Letter to Linsie - Fanatical Archaeologist from Nevada (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although the Park Service curated most of its own artifacts and records, here was an estimated cataloging backlog of 15.5 million objects requiring $19.7 million to rectify.
		That is a term that is best used to describe someone who engages in scholarly study at a University, is employed by a Cultural Resources Management firm, or a government agency and who receives a regular income for their efforts.
		Perhaps in your studies of the development of archaeology as a science and profession you learned that it was the efforts of avocationals that first stirred an interest in the notion of public and professional archaeology.
	www.creeksideartifacts.com /linsie.htm (2198 words)

	Museum of Ontario Archaeology
		Archaeology is the study of the people of the past through recovery and analysis of the artifacts and features they left behind, correlated with the context of those artifacts and features.
		Chert is a coarse type of siliceous rock (a form of flint or chalcedony), which was the primary raw material used by the aboriginal inhabitants of southern Ontario for the manufacture of a wide variety of tools including projectile points (spear and arrowheads), drills, knives and scrapers.
		In 1995-1996 the Museum of Ontario Archaeology totally excavated the Ridge site, a special-purpose component dating to the prehistoric Neutral Iroquoian period circa A.D. The site was small, covering an area of 0.5 hectare, and consisted of two longhouses with a "midden" or garbage dump located outside one end of each longhouse.
	www.uwo.ca /museum/faq.html (1791 words)

	Case Study of an Artifact - Archaeology - Colony of Avalon
		Of the approximate one million artifacts excavated to date from the Ferryland archaeology site, at least a third of those are represented by ceramic
		The trick used by conservators to excavate fragmented artifacts from the ground is called block–lifting.
		Block–lifting artifacts from the burial environment simply means you excavate the object plus the soil surrounding the object.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /avalon/arch/casestudy.html (412 words)

	Artifact (archaeology) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor.
		The study of these objects is an important part of the field of archaeology, although the degree to which they represent the social groupings that created them is a subject over which archaeological theoreticians argue.
		Artifacts are distinguished from features, which are nonportable remains of human activity, such as hearths, roads, or house remains, and from biofacts (also called ecofacts), which are objects of archaeological interest made by other organisms, such as seeds or animal bone.
	www.pillscatalog.net /Artifact_%28archaeology%29.html (470 words)

	Artifacts
		Russia has long had a problem with its historic artifacts being stolen, sold, or trashed by the greedy or irreverent.
		artifacts • graffiti • rap • hip-hop • culture
		An element of loving and collecting Indiana Jones is making and designing your own "artifacts" that come from the films and other adventures of Indiana Jones in different medium.
	www.suite101.com /reference/artifacts (1704 words)

	Archaeology
		"From a careful study of this body of artifacts, their position in the graves, and their association with each other, the conviction has grown that all of these antler hooks are the distal ends of atlatls.
		As a teenager in the mid-1960's my uncle took me to meet one of the foremost collectors of artifacts in Ohio who was a friend of his.
		We started another site specializing in the archaeology of North America last year as we have quite a bit of material that's really too short for a book reprint.
	www.gustavslibrary.com /archaeology.htm (938 words)

	Artifact (archaeology)
		Excavation —; Excavation is the best-known and most commonly used technique within the science of archaeology.
		Archaeological field survey — Archaeological field survey is the methodological process by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) collect information about the...
		Despite Male Image, Stone Toolmaking Also Done By Women, University Of Florida Scientists Say (April 7, 2003) — Move over, man the toolmaker: The idea of men as stone tool producers may need some rechiseling, say University of Florida scientists who found women sometimes are the masters.
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/a/artifact_(archaeology).htm (612 words)

	Artefact & Artifact [Archive] - Forums @ Prydwen.net
		The Artifacts that we are refering to are the name given to in game items, as such a Name has the spelling that the person creating the name wants it to have.
		I was investigating further as to why Artifact is probably more correct than Artefact for the Archaelogical definition of the word, however it seems that there is actually a different recognised meaning of the word Artifact, given at answers.com (http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?method=4anddsid=2222anddekey=Artifact+%28fantasy%29andgwp=8andcurtab=2222_1) as...
		In role-playing games and fantasy literature, an artifact is a magical object with some marvelous and alarming power, so great that it cannot be duplicated by any known art allowed by the premises of the fantasy world, and cannot be destroyed by ordinary means.
	www.pryd.net /archive/index.php/t-1722.html (3771 words)

	Artifacts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Artifacts are taken to an archaeology lab, where they are cleaned, glued back together if necessary, and then labeled and catalogued into a database program.
		The field supervisor, or archaeology profession is usually there to assist the students.
		After all of the information is entered into the database, and other experts have shared their reports on the date (age) of a certain artifact or the soil itself, a picture of the site begins to develop.
	www.usd.edu /anth/midarch/artifact.htm (364 words)

	LESSON PLANS: 155 Archaeology Lessons reviewed by Teachers
		Archaeological Detectives - Students, in groups, examine in depth one aspect of forensic archaeology to determine the skeleton's age, gender, and possible cause of death.
		Experimental Archaeology: Making Cordage - Students make a cordage and use an activity sheet to experience a skill that ancient Native American in North Carolina neded for everyday life.
		Artifact Classification (Archaeology) - Students peruse pictures of artifacts or objects from a teaching kit to classify artifacts and answer questions about the lifeways of a group of historic Native Americans.
	www.lessonplanet.com /search/Social_Studies/Archaeology (345 words)

	Online Course: Introduction to Australian Archaeology Part 1 - Certificate and CEUs
		Archaeology is a multidisciplinary science, and this course exposes you to archaeology papers, with the benefit of discussion through the forum or interaction with the instructor.
		This course is designed for anyone interested in Australian archaeology, or archaeology in general.
		Archaeology is a dynamic field, with growing interdisciplinary interaction and this course endeavors to introduce participants into the exciting world of archaeological investigation.
	www.universalclass.com /i/crn/6371.htm (1580 words)

	Parkwise Activity - The Archaeology Puzzle
		Students will be able to define "archaeology", "artifact", "feature", "site", and "context".
		Ask your class if someone can tell you what archaeology is. Then add whatever information that needs to be added to their answer.
		Explain to your class that archaeology is like putting together the pieces of a puzzle.
	www.nps.gov /akso/ParkWise/Teachers/Treasures/BELA_Footprints/activities/ArchaeologyPuzzle.htm (911 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		The groups may fill out Digital Classroom's Artifact Analysis Worksheet and/or begin to discuss the artifacts' use and how they are similar to items used today for the same purpose.
		Students should use the Artifact Analysis Worksheet (or an adaptation of the worksheet) available from The Digital Classroom site to note pertinent information about their artifacts.
		After the artifact analysis is completed, each group should make a presentation of its findings to the class.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=312 (2231 words)

	Mechanical Cleaning and Artifact Identification - Archaeology - Colony of Avalon
		Detergents are generally not used for cleaning artifacts because of potential damage and/or contamination (for the purpose of scientific examination) of the object.
		Using the x-ray, the conservators were able to clean the surface of the the iron cross with care and accuracy.
		It also serves as a research laboratory for archaeologists who use the information garnered from these artifacts to aid in the interpretation of the past.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /avalon/arch/cleaning.html (463 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum - Caring for the Collections (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Collections Policy: As with all professionally curated museums, the Alexandria Archaeology Museum follows a detailed collection policy in making decisions about adding to the collection, loaning artifacts from the collection, and allowing access to scholars and members of the public.
		Alexandria Archaeology Storage Facility: Find out about how we designed a new storage facility and took measures to preserve the collection for future generations.
		Included are definitions and dates for an extensive list of 18th and 19th century ceramic wares and types, and for many of the identifying features of glass vessels.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology/ar-collections-caring.html (259 words)

	Artifact of the Month - Archaeology Fun for All Ages - Archaeology for the Public
		Artifact of the Month - Archaeology Fun for All Ages - Archaeology for the Public
		The tooth is part of an ancient animal and is composed of fossilized bone.
		Benjamin Franklin's Mastodon Tooth: Artifact Spotlight (archaeology at about.com) Download this free, six-part, podcast tour or view the illustrated text on-line.
	www.saa.org /public/fun/artifact_answer.html (304 words)

	[No title]
		B) Use the methods of experimental archaeology to re-create an item or to practice skills from the past.
		Give a summary of your experience: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you selected Option C: If you are unable to work in the field or in a laboratory under the supervision of a qualified archaeologist, you may substitute a mock dig.
		Write a brief report explaining the experiment and its results: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Requirement 10 Identify three career opportunities in archaeology and tell what education and experience are required for each.
	www.meritbadge.com /files/mb-docs/Archaeology.doc (1678 words)

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