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Topic: Artificial diamond

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	Artificial Gem - LoveToKnow Watches
		Within recent years chemists have actually succeeded in making the real diamond by artificial means, and although the largest yet made is not more than one-fiftieth of an inch across, the process itself and the train of reasoning leading up to such an achievement are sufficiently interesting to warrant a somewhat full description.
		Diamonds so made burn in the air when heated to a high temperature, with formation of carbonic acid; and in lustre, crystalline form, optical properties, density and hardness, they are identical with the natural stone.
		A striking confirmation of the theory that natural diamonds have been produced from their solution in masses of molten iron, the metal from which has gradually oxidized and been washed away under cycles of atmospheric influences, is afforded by the occurrence of diamonds in a meteorite.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Artificial_Gem (3956 words)

	Diamond simulant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diamond is at the top of this scale (hardness 10) as it is the hardest naturally occurring material known (the hardest substance known today is the man-made substance aggregated diamond nanorods).
		Diamond's hardness also is visually evident (under the microscope or loupe) by its highly lustrous facets (described as adamantine) which are perfectly flat, and its crisp, sharp facet edges.
		Diamonds are usually cut into brilliants to bring out their brilliance, the amount of light reflected back to the viewer, and fire, the degree of colorful prismatic flashes seen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diamond_simulants (4981 words)

	Synthetic diamond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Due to its extreme physical properties, synthetic diamond is used in many industrial applications, and has the potential to become a serious disruptive technology in many new application areas such as electronics and medicine.
		Synthetic diamond was first produced on February 16, 1953 in Stockholm, Sweden by the QUINTUS project of ASEA, Sweden's major electrical manufacturing company using a bulky split sphere apparatus designed by Baltzar von Platen and the young engineer Anders Kämpe (1928–1984).
		Also, the diamonds have been shown to detect redox reactions that can't ordinarily be studied and in some cases degrade redox-reactive organic contaminants in water supplies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synthetic_diamond (3065 words)

	Diamond
		Diamond is a transparent, optically isotropic crystal with a refractive index of 2.417, a high dispersion of 0.044, and a specific gravity of 3.52.
		In the late 18th century, diamonds were demonstrated to be made of carbon by the rather expensive experiment of igniting a diamond (by means of a burning-glass) in an oxygen atmosphere and showing that carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) was the product of the combustion.
		In response to public concerns that their diamond purchases were contributing to war and human rights abuses in central Africa, the diamond industry and diamond-trading nations introduced the Kimberley Process aimed at ensuring that conflict diamonds do not becoming intermixed with the diamonds not controlled by such rebel groups.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Diamond (4370 words)

	Japanese lab speeds up artificial diamond growth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Diamond is seen as the next generation semiconductor material because of its high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, compared with existing materials such as silicon, used widely in computer chips and other electronic devices.
		To grow artificial diamonds, the institute heated up methane, hydrogen and nitrogen gases to create a plasma, which was then passed over a small diamond deposit on a heated board.
		As a result, the size of a seed diamond crystal -- 4.0 millimeters by 4.0 millimeters by 0.5 millimeters (roughly 0.16 inch by 0.16 inch by 0.02 inch) -- grew to 7.0 millimeters by 7.0 millimeters by 2.8 millimeters in 55 hours.
	www.spacedaily.com /2004/040323073131.qkqi1cvs.html (300 words)

	Artificial Diamonds: Diamond Source of Virginia Loose Diamonds Education
		Artificial diamond is diamond produced through chemical or physical processes in a laboratory.
		Artificial diamonds are also called cultured diamonds, manufactured diamonds, and synthetic diamonds.
		Artificial diamonds were first produced on February 16, 1953 in Stockholm, Sweden by the QUINTUS project of ASEA, Sweden's major electrical manufacturing company using a bulky apparatus designed by Baltzar von Platen.
	www.diamondsourceva.com /Education/ArtificialDiamonds/ArtificialDiamonds.asp (778 words)

	Wired 11.09: The New Diamond Age
		We are in Antwerp, Belgium, in Weingarten's marbled and gilded living room on the edge of the city's gem district, the center of the diamond universe.
		Nearly 80 percent of the world's rough and polished diamonds move through the hands of Belgian gem traders like Weingarten, a dealer who wears the thick beard and fl suit of the Hasidim.
		Diamond microchips, on the other hand, could handle much higher temperatures, allowing them to run at speeds that would liquefy ordinary silicon.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/11.09/diamond.html (1244 words)

	Diamond: Glittering Prize for Materials Science
		Diamonds are mined from the conduits of the volcanoes and from nearby placer deposits in stream beds and beaches.
		Diamond diodes (the building block of transistors, which, in turn, are the building blocks of integrated circuits) have recently been made.
		Interest in the production of artificial diamonds was expressed at the turn of the century, but it was not until 1958 that a method was patented in the United States for preparing diamond materials from methane at high pressures and high temperatures (1600 K and about 55 kilobars).
	www.chem.wisc.edu /~newtrad/CurrRef/BDGTopic/BDGtext/dgpfms.html (1396 words)

	Artificial Diamonds :: Diamond Engagement Rings by loveanddiamonds.com
		Artificial diamonds are real diamonds, created in laboratories, with the same chemical, physical and optical properties.
		HTHP converts carbon to diamond usually by using a tiny piece of natural diamond bathed in a solution of graphite and a catalyst at approximately 1,500 °C and 58,000 atm of pressure.
		As artificial diamonds constitute a source of potential fraud, they should be properly labeled so that the purpose of their creation be reached: offering consumers more affordable alternatives.
	www.loveanddiamonds.com /learn/artificial-diamonds.html (575 words)

	Have You Ever Tried to Sell a Diamond? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		he diamond invention—the creation of the idea that diamonds are rare and valuable, and are essential signs of esteem—is a relatively recent development in the history of the diamond trade.
		The major investors in the diamond mines realized that they had no alternative but to merge their interests into a single entity that would be powerful enough to control production and perpetuate the illusion of scarcity of diamonds.
		The diamond invention is far more than a monopoly for fixing diamond prices; it is a mechanism for converting tiny crystals of carbon into universally recognized tokens of wealth, power, and romance.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/198202/diamond (1129 words)

	Pressure Used to Create Artificial Diamonds
		A diamond is a clear hard solid formed by a covalent network of carbon atoms.
		Artificial diamonds are made by subjecting graphite (one of the three crystalline forms of carbon) to very high temperatures and pressures.
		Most of pure diamond's fundamental properties are retained in artificial diamonds.
	www.hypertextbook.com /facts/1998/IleneWeintraub.shtml (342 words)

	artificial diamonds - artificial diamonds Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		artificial diamonds Artificial diamonds are not the brainchild of this century alone.
		The diamonds were artificial stones and the badge was not constructed of gold.
		Diamonds in the Sky Glittering stars in the night sky aside, scientists have long known that there are diamonds in the heavens.
	www.diamondsguide.info /artificial-diamonds (1116 words)

	Diamonds are not forever (August 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), compared with 442 GPa for conventional diamond.
		Diamond derives its hardness from the fact that each carbon atom is connected to four other atoms by strong covalent bonds.
		The Bayreuth team measured the properties of the samples with a diamond anvil cell at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble in France.
	physicsweb.org /articles/news/9/8/16/1?rss=2.0 (372 words)

	`Indian sage made the first artificial diamond' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Artificial diamond making is part of ancient Sanskrit text `Ratna Pradeepika' in which the saint scientist Bharadwaja deals with different classes of diamonds and composition of different artificial diamonds, says the book `Science and Technology of Diamond,' edited by GS Bhatnagar, a former scientist with the Department of Atomic Energy.
		The earliest reference to diamonds is in Rigveda, the oldest Sanskrit text, in which the God Indra is reported to have killed a demon in a war with his weapon ``Vajrayudh'' or a diamond weapon.
		Diamonds have also been described in the `Puranas,' in Kautilya's `Arthshastra' and Varahamira's `Brahatsamhita' which contain details of the origin, distribution, minerology and economics of diamonds.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/19990524/fle24086.html (313 words)

	Diamond Education - Artificial Lighting: First Impressions on GIA's New Cut Grading System
		The diamond that averages the best under lighting conditions that range from the best to the worst should be declared the winner.
		Reflection and refraction of light from a diamond does not differ today from over 50 years ago when R.W. Ditchburn, mathematician and author of "Light", did his initial work on diffraction and resolution with non-coherent illumination.
		To imply that a diamond can now be cut with crown angles between 27.0 degrees and 38.0 degrees and pavilion angles from 39.8 degrees and 42.4 degrees and still be a category two is misguided.
	www.diamondcuttersintl.com /diamond_education/articles/reference/artificial_lighting.html (1053 words)

	Diamonds and Diamond Rings: Diamond Source of Virginia
		Read what they have to say about their diamond buying experience at Diamond Source of Virginia.
		If you are shopping for a diamond, give us a call today so we can help you find the best diamond values and most beautiful diamonds.
		Our diamond experts have helped thousands of clients find exceptional diamonds and are ready to help you.
	www.diamondsourceva.com (446 words)

	PCWorld.com - Could Diamond Chips Supplant Silicon?
		This property means that diamond chips can work at a much higher frequency or faster speed and be placed in a high-temperature environment, such as a vehicle's engine.
		Flat-panel display electrodes based on diamond can also release more electrons, and the life span of devices using diamond electrodes can be double or longer than the equivalent with silicon, he said.
		For his part, Okushi's project team hopes to be able to use diamond chips to develop an ultra-violet laser with a 235-nanometer wavelength, which is even shorter than the 405-nanometer blue laser being eyed for next generation optical disc technologies and is expected to be used for higher capacity optical storage systems.
	www.pcworld.com /news/article/0,aid,108295,00.asp (455 words)

	GEM, ARTIFICIAL - Online Information article about GEM, ARTIFICIAL
		absence of birefringence, and their high refractive index all showed that the crystals were true diamond.
		confirmation of the theory that natural diamonds have been produced from their solution in masses of molten iron, the metal from which has gradually oxidized and been washed away under cycles of atmospheric influences, is afforded by the occurrence of diamonds in a See also:
		Moreover, were it to be known that they were being produced artificially the demand—never very great—would almost cease.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GAG_GEO/GEM_ARTIFICIAL.html (4511 words)

	Synthetic (Artificial) Diamonds
		diamond produced through chemical or physical processes in a laboratory.
		Technically it is a contaminant, but colored diamonds are more profitable because they can be made more quickly, cost less to manufacture, and are very popular.
		The diamonds are being marketed at $4,000 per carat ($20,000/g), or roughly 30% less than the price of a comparable natural diamond.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/synthetic_diamond.htm (665 words)

	Cubic Zirconia
		Cubic Zirconia is well known as a substitute for diamond, due to its high hardness and great fire.
		To the untrained eye, cubic zirconia looks identical to a good quality diamond, but CZ has slightly less brilliance or sparkle than a diamond and more fire or flashes of color.
		One great difference between cubic zirconia and diamond is weight; CZ is about 75% heavier than diamond.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/amber/go340/students/berg/cz.html (903 words)

	NYDDC.COM
		Japanese researchers claimed on Thursday they had successfully made the world's hardest artificial diamond from graphite.
		The artificial diamond, twice as hard as conventional polycrystalline one, is the hardest ever diamond synthesized so far in the world, the researcher said.
		The diamond is expected to be used as a grinder of natural diamonds and a blade to drill rocks, he said.
	www.nyddc.com /standard.asp?ID=45 (167 words)

	The Synthetic Diamond Company - Learn More (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Our Synthetic Diamonds possess the same hardness, chemical composition and crystal structure as natural mined diamonds at a fraction of the cost of their natural counter-part, without the social and environmental consequences.
		The Synthetic Diamond Company Stones are guaranteed for the life of the owner to keep their color, fire and lustre.
		Most natural diamonds have at least a trace of yellow or brown, with the exception of natural fancy colors, such as blue, pink, purple, green or red.
	www.syntheticdiamondcompany.com /cgi-bin/scart/agora.cgi?cartlink=Learn_More.htm (2819 words)

	Artificial Diamond Coating and Thin Film Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This method allows to produce artificial diamonds in coating form virtually on any solid bases, to produce multilayer coatings with semiconductor properties, as well as unattached films of an artificial diamond.
		The artificial diamond produced with this new method possesses enhanced mechanical properties.
		Thus, it surpasses natural diamond in strength by a factor of 3-4, and in hardness - by a factor of 2-3.
	www.kiae.ru /eng/inf/tex/t8.html (270 words)

	Simon Willison: Artificial Diamonds
		Diamonds can handle far higher temperatures than silicon, meaning chips so fast that silicon would just melt under the strain.
		The diamond processing facility in India is reasonable as compared to qorld over.
		The most interesting is probably this entry on artifical diamonds, which has attracted comments from both buyers and sellers of artificial gems.
	simon.incutio.com /archive/2003/08/13/artificialDiamonds (1932 words)

	Artificial Diamond, Moissanite and more
		A one carat of Russian Brilliants® with its brilliance and fire is equivalent to the world's finest D flawless diamond valued at $16,000.
		Jewelers are very knowledgeable about natural diamonds but are not familiar with Russian Brilliants® and other new simulated stones.
		The stone is almost as hard as a natural diamond and it can chip in the same way a diamond will.
	www.climbingnews.org /russian_ice_faq.html (549 words)

	Simulated Diamonds, Moissanite, Diamond Simulant
		Russian Brilliants® is unique, unlike Simulated Diamonds and common cubic zirconia, they are hand cut, facetedPossessing the fire, brilliance and many optical properties of a natural diamond.
		Russian Brilliants® has a written lifetime guarantee not to fog or yellow and are considered the best Simulated Diamonds by many gemologists.
		Beautifully hand-cut, Simulated Diamonds is convincingly the closest clone to a natural diamond.
	www.climbingnews.org (301 words)

	Happy Holidays From The Synthetic Diamond Company! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Surprisingly, the first artificial gem-quality synthetic stones have been made with primitive-looking equipment in makeshift labs in Russia and China.
		Unlike natural diamonds whose molecules do not gather in ideal clusters which form inclusions, our components are purer and the molecules do gather in ideal clusters because they are grown in ideal laboratory conditions.
		Each stone is then expertly cut, polished, and possesses many of the visual properties equivalent to the world's finest D-E color, flawless natural diamonds.
	www.syntheticdiamondcompany.com /cgi-bin/scart/agora.cgi (426 words)

	Japanese government to launch diamond chip project
		Diamond chips can work at a temperature of up to 1,000 degrees Celsius, while silicon chips stop working above 150 degrees Celsius, according to Hideyo Okushi, principal research scientist at Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), which has been researching diamond chips in several projects.
		A four-millimeter-square diamond substrate costs several hundreds of dollars compared to virtually nothing for silicon, he said.
		For its part, Okushi's project team hopes to be able to use diamond chips to develop an ultra-violet laser with a 235-nanometer wavelength, which is even shorter than the 405-nanometer blue laser being eyed for next generation optical disc technologies and is expected to be used for higher capacity optical storage systems.
	www.infoworld.com /articles/hn/xml/02/12/27/021227hndiamond.html (874 words)

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