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Topic: Artificial fertilizer

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	Fertilizer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportions, the three major plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), the secondary plant nutrients (calcium, sulfur, magnesium), and sometimes trace elements (or micronutrients) with a role in plant nutrition: boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and molybdenum.
		In practice a compromise between the use of artificial and organic fertilizers is common, typically by using inorganic fertilizers supplemented with the application of organics that are readily available such as the return of crop residues or the application of manure.
		Over-application of chemical fertilizers, or application of chemical fertilizers at a time when the ground is waterlogged or the crop is not able to use the chemicals, can lead to surface runoff (particularly phosphorus) or leaching into groundwater (particularly nitrates).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fertilizer (2375 words)

	fertilizer - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		FERTILIZER [fertilizer] organic or inorganic material containing one or more of the nutrients—mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and other essential elements required for plant growth.
		Inorganic or artificial fertilizers (also called chemical or mineral fertilizers) are formulated in appropriate concentrations and combinations for various crops and growing conditions.
		Fertilizers may be spread over the soil surface or plowed under, drilled into deep or shallow layers of the soil, applied in bands under the rows where the seeds are to be sown, drilled into the bands at the time of planting, or side-dressed between planted rows.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-fertilizr.html (374 words)

	Micronutrient fertilizer \| Proganic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Other high analysis fertilizers contain artificial, fertilizer additives that promote short term growth at the expense of the soil as well as the health of the plant.
		Organic micronutrient fertilizer gardening is different from "conventional" gardening mainly in the areas of fertilization and pest control.
		Organic vegetable gardeners prefer to use natural and organic materials and methods, and avoid micronutrient fertilizer using practices and synthetic chemicals that may be detrimental to health and the environment.
	www.proganic.com /micronutrient-fertilizer.htm (994 words)

	Home
		Organic fertilizers contain trace minerals which are often critical to plant health and growth and missing in artificial fertilizers.
		High nitrogen artificial fertilizers can increase yields in some cases (temporarily) of certain grains, however the amino acid content of the protein is actually adversely affected.
		If anhydrous ammonia (synthetic fertilizer and a particularly lethal form of nitrogen) is applied to a field low in humus, over 2/3 of the material can be lost to the atmosphere, sometimes before the farmer can move from one end of a field to the other.
	www.natureswayresources.com /resource/infosheets/organicfertilizers.html (2196 words)

	soil fertility and fertilizer
		Fertility is having the ability to "produce or bear fruit in great quantities," being "capable of sustaining abundant plant growth," and being "capable of reproducing".
		Fertilizers give soil necessary major and minor nutrients, which are then taken up by the plants, but they do not change the physical characteristics of the soil.
		Artificial and natural fertilizers both provide nutrients to the plants, however, the nutrients differ in both their source and their spectrum.
	www.worldwise.com /soilferandfe.html (3861 words)

	AGRICULTURE OF THE FUTURE WILL BE ORGANIC
		Soil's ecosystem is polluted in like fashion, for instance, by artificial fertilizing and the use of pesticides and, as in the case of streams and rivers, its ecosystem is simplified.
		The most obvious difference between conventional and organic agriculture is that the former uses artificial fertilizers and its organic counterpart uses various types of organic nutrients derived from animal or vegetable matter, for example, farmyard manure and compost.
		If the central role played by living soil in organic farming is appreciated accusations that organic farmers spread artificial fertilizers or spray their land with pesticides at dead of night can only be acknowledged as ridiculous.
	www.rain.org /~sals/press6.html (908 words)

	'GRASS TETANY' Conclusions
		On the other hand there is another body of opinion, grouped together under the name "organic school", that declares that the application of mineral fertilizers (which this school chooses to describe as "artificial fertilizers") must be prohibited because of the dangers they present to health and that only organic fertilizers must be allowed.
		In actual fact "artificial" fertilizers have to be called in to rectify the faults of the so-called "natural" fertilizer.
		The first condition of judicious fertilizer application is that we study not only the influence of the fertilizer on the yield of the plant, as happened almost exclusively hitherto; in future we must study above all the influence of the fertilizer on the biological quality of the plant.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010106voisin/010106gtconcl.html (966 words)

	Potato fertilizers \| Proganic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Potato fertilizers promote growth by stimulating the health of the soil as well as the plant through “soft” methods vs. the “hard” mechanisms of fertilizer.
		ANI is equally at home in the garden, agricultural sunflower fertilizers industry or sports industry where regular use will help to grow stronger, higher yielding and more nutritious crops, healthier plants, sunflower fertilizers, trees, lawns, fruits and vegetables with increased resistance to disease.
		Seaweed based potato fertilizers, these fertilizer is rich in minerals, amino acids, Discover farming with foliar fertilizer organic liquid fertilizer, fertilizer companies, seaweed fertilizers, seaweed extract, sunflower fertilizers, onion fertilizers, cotton fertilizers, sugarcane fertilizers, rice fertilizers, NPK fertilizers, ANI foliar fertilizer and micronutrient fertilizer.
	www.proganic.com /potato-fertilizers.htm (764 words)

	SCOPE 54 - Phosphorus in the global environment - chap 3 Closing The Cycle: Obstacles To Efficient P Management For ...
		Fertilizer trials are predominantly carried out under optimum or near-to-optimum management conditions (soil preparation, sowing time, weeding) which do not reflect on-farm conditions in particular when farmers rely on manual labour like in most of Sub-Saharan Africa.
		Fertilizer use may also be lowered due to farmers' perceptions of the yield response which deviate substantially from the results of field trials.
		When fertilizer was rationed, the impact of lifting subsidies on fertilizer consumption depends on the size of the former quota.
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope54/3runge.htm (6698 words)

	ScienceWeek
		The human requirement for synthetic fertilizers and explosives is an instance of irony in the application of science, since the major use of synthetic fertilizers is in the production of crops to feed people, and the major use of explosives is in the production of weapons to kill people.
		Nitrogen compounds are essential to fertilizers and explosives, but in the early 20th century the best large-scale source of such compounds was in the nitrate deposits of Chile [*Note #1], which at that time was quite remote from Europe.
		The ammonia is absolutely essential to sustain today's population: rich countries might fertilize much less by cutting excessive food production and by eating fewer animals, but even the most assiduous recycling of organic wastes and the widest planting of *nitrogen-fixating legumes could not supply enough nitrogen for land-scarce, poor and populous nations.
	scienceweek.com /1999/sw990820.htm (11173 words)

	Ode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Artificial fertilizer is thought to be the main culprit.
		Even organic food production, done without artificial fertilizer, cannot guarantee that the soil is rich in minerals.
		The United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) has concluded that artificial fertilizer is contributing to a “serious shortage” of minerals.
	www.odemagazine.com /article.php?aID=4144 (628 words)

	RtE Discussion Forum - Research Thesis in Denmark on Rock Dust
		It is an assessment of the possibility for implemention of rock dusts as an organic fertilizer in Denmark.
		The three rock dust fertilizers were compared with artificial fertilizer ("kunstgand#248;dning" in Danish) and unfertilized control.
		The amount of rock dust used is comparable to 50 tons per acre (which corresponds to 10 tons per acre of the correct sized, fine rock dust), and the artificial fertilizer given was an NPK (21-3-10) from Kemira Growhow.
	www.remineralize.org /newforum/board_entry.php?id=72 (1163 words)

	Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Animal manure, guano, fish meal, wood ash, chemical fertilizers, and so forth, must all be gathered, processed and brought to the field from outside by human hands.
		When plants are nourished artificially, their natural capacity to draw nutrients from the soil degenerates.
		An explanation of what really happens in the course of plant growth will show how deluded that idea is. Rice and other plants tend to look pale and debilitated for the first two or three months because both the seeds and the soil start out with residual toxins that continue to undermine their vitality.
	www.johreifellowship.com /philosophy.html (2350 words)

	Agrochemicals China - Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Pesticides, Fertilizer, Raticides
		Pesticide is biological, physical, or chemical agent used to kill plants or animals that are harmful to people; in practice, the term pesticide is often applied only to chemical agents.
		Fertilizer is organic or inorganic material containing one or more of the nutrients-mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and other essential elements required for plant growth.
		Organic fertilizers include animal and green manure, fish and bone meal, and compost.
	www.asia-chem.com /agrochemicals_pesticides.htm (1070 words)

	fertilizer
		fertilization - fertilization, in biology, process in the reproduction of both plants and animals, involving the...
		fertility rites - fertility rites, magico-religious ceremonies to insure an abundance of food and the birth of...
		fertility drug - fertility drug, any of a variety of substances used to increase the possibility of conception and...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0818557.html (361 words)

	Integrated Farming System by George Chan
		The livestock manure fertilizes the crops, and the crop residues feed the livestock.
		The quantity also became inadequate as the population increased, so chemical fertilizers and artificial feeds had to be purchased, eroding the small profits of the small farmers.
		It should be noted that the first of the two cycles of nutrients from the livestock is used to fertilize the growth of various natural plankton in the pond as fish feeds.
	www.scizerinm.org /chanarticle.html (2991 words)

	Manufacture of Artificial Humus
		The fertilizer is produced by a unique industrial process, and it has a broad spectrum of beneficial agronomical properties and the ability to enable high crop yields to be produced.
		The artificial humus "Extra", being a model of natural humus, is a fundamentally new fertilizer, having no match on the world market.
		The fertilizer does not contain any living seeds of weeds, nor pests in any stage of their existence.
	www.ukrainebiz.com /technical/artificial_humus.htm (1588 words)

	Organic Fertiliser, Bio-Organic Fertiliser, Bio organic Fertiliser, Compost Fertiliser, bio Compost Fertiliser, Vermi ...
		Vermi-compost is a 100% organic fertilizer that is made up of worm castings and partially decomposed organic matter.
		Worm castings are the richest natural fertilizer known to humans.
		Unlike chemical fertilizers that destroy beneficial microorganisms, the organic fertilizer is completely harmless and provide rich organic soil that is best for plants.
	soo.co.in /fertilizer.htm (571 words)

	EFFECTS OF METHANE GAS PLANT RESIDUES, CATTLE MANURE AND ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS ON COFFEE YIELD AND QUALITY IN KENYA
		A study was conducted over a period of 12 years on the effect of various types of methane gas plant residues in comparison with cattle manure and artificial fertilizers on coffee yield and quality at Koru in the West of the Rift Valley, Kenya.
		In the absence of artificial fertilizer, cattle manure gave the highest positive response, while liquid manure gave a significantly negative response.
		However, artificial fertilizer was observed to lower the percentage grade 'A' sized beans.
	www.actahort.org /books/158/158_33.htm (222 words)

	IT'S OUR GARDEN
		An acid fertilizer, because of its acids, dissolves the cementing material, made up of the dead bodies of soil organisms, which holds the rock particles together in the form of soil crumbs.
		For example: A highly soluble fertilizer, such as 5-10-5, goes into solution in the soil water rapidly so that much of it may be leached away (into our ground water) without benefiting the plants at all.
		For this reason, the artificial fertilizer people tell their customers to increase the organic matter content of their soil, offsetting the deleterious effects of these acids; also to use lime.
	www.ecomall.com /greenshopping/itsourgarde6.htm (1910 words)

	Tea & Coffee 04/00 - Organic Tea From South India (cont.)
		Tea requires large amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the biomass being removed by constant plucking.
		This was previously provided by chemical fertilizer and had to be substituted by organic fertilizer.
		Where chemical fertilizers were applied at a few hundred kilograms per hectare, compost and oil-seed cake were required in tons per hectare, shooting the cost of labor upward.
	www.teaandcoffee.net /0400/tea2.htm (1211 words)

	Irrigation & Fertilizer during the 1940s
		The postwar development of irrigation both supported and demanded the development of artificial fertilizer, and vise versa.
		Before the irrigation boom of the late 40s, farmers counted on the natural fertility of the rich land to supply their crops with nutrients like nitrogen and potassium.
		But by the end of the decade, chemical fertilizer was produced in a gas form – anhydrous ammonia.
	www.livinghistoryfarm.org /farminginthe40s/water_11.html (377 words)

	'GRASS TETANY' Chapter 9
		It is possible, moreover, that excessive rates of potassium fertilizer application to pastures do not always exert their depressant effect on the magnesium content of the blood serum of cows during the first few years of their use.
		Liquid manure is also a nitrogenous fertilizer, and the ammonia it contains seems to be particularly conducive to magnesium deficiency in grass, probably as a result of the formation in the soil of ammonia-magnesium compounds.
		These fertilizers, moreover, will improve the flora of his pastures, so often debased by the use of liquid manure, and this in turn will mean an improvement in both the quality and quantity of his hay.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010106voisin/010106gtchap9.html (2768 words)

	Recycling waste part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Fertilizer runoff into rivers and streams would be reduced because soil replenished with organic matter holds nutrients longer.
		Fertilizer runoff from the Corn Belt flows down the Mississippi River and creates a dead zone the size of New Jersey each year in the Gulf of Mexico, harming fisheries.
		Nitrate pollution from fertilizer overuse is one of the most serious water quality problems in Europe and North America.
	www.optisoft.com.bh /recycl_2.htm (952 words)

	Organic Gardening
		Plants that are fed on only artificial fertilizer grow well, look good, but have very little taste.
		They are committed to use artificial fertilisers and chemical sprays.
		If you use Chemicals and Artificial Fertilisers in your garden there will not be any life in the soil, no earthworms or micro - organisms, which naturally produce nutrients needed to feed your plants.
	www.organicdownunder.com /organic_gardening.htm (395 words)

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