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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Artificial gravity
		Artificial gravity is desirable for long-term space travel for ease of mobility and to avoid the adverse health effects of weightlessness.
		Thus, the gravity felt by the objects is simply the reaction force of the object on the hull reacting to the centripetal force of the hull on the object, in accordance with Newton's Third Law.
		This illustrates the fact that artificial gravity is a result of the object's circular motion and its reaction against the similarly moving spacecraft hull; artificial gravity is not an attraction between the object and the hull.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Artificial_gravity (2408 words)

	Space Future - Inhabiting Artificial Gravity
		Perhaps a more intuitive way to compare artificial gravity environments with each other as well as with Earth is to observe the relative motions of free-falling particles and the apparent slopes of surfaces.
		Artificial gravity can approach Earth-normalcy within any non-zero tolerance, provided that the radius and tangential velocity are large and the angular velocity is small.
		Artificial gravity is distinct from both Earth-gravity and weightlessness and demands the same attention to detail.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/inhabiting_artificial_gravity.shtml (4189 words)

	PowerPedia:Anti-gravity - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Gravity was no longer a force at all, but simply the consequence of the local slope of the universe in a direction the human eye cannot see: a fourth spatial dimension.
		In common usage "gravity" and "gravitation" are either used interchangeably, or the distinction is sometimes made that "gravity" is specifically the attractive force of the earth, while "gravitation" is the general property of mutual attraction between bodies of matter.
		Artificial gravity and the cancellation of gravity is presented for a useful tool for spacecraft that are neither rotating nor accelerating.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Anti-gravity (8959 words)

	Artificial gravity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Artificial gravity is a simulation of gravity in outer space or free-fall.
		Artificial gravity is desirable for long-term space travel for ease of mobility and to avoid the adverse health effects of weightlessness.
		In science fiction artificial gravity (or cancellation of gravity) is sometimes present in spacecraft that are neither rotating nor accelerating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_gravity (1945 words)

	PERMANENT - Space Colonies - Artifical Gravity
		This means rotating the habitat to produce artificial gravity by the centrifugal (centripetal) force.
		One issue regarding space settlements rotating for artificial gravity is the beginning of the "comfort zone" as regards the radius of the rotating structure.
		Space stations in low Earth orbit to date have not used artificial gravity for several reasons: so that they could be smaller and cheaper; many of the experiments to be conducted by the station were in microgravity (where gravity is undesirable), and docking systems are simpler when the station is not rotating.
	www.permanent.com /s-centri.htm (2769 words)

	artificial gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The simulation of the pull of gravity aboard a space station, space colony, or manned spacecraft by the steady rotation, at an appropriate angular speed, of all or part of the vessel.
		At right-angles to this axis, the pull of simulated gravity varies as the square of the tangential speed.
		Another way to achieve Earth-normal gravity is not by constant rotation, which produces the required force through angular acceleration, but by steadily increasing straight-line speed at just the right rate.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/artgrav.html (396 words)

	Hyper Gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Researchers are studying the strange effects of artificial gravity on humans.
		Artificial gravity could prevent all that - and centrifuges are one plausible way to generate artificial gravity.
		"Artificial gravity is a potentially useful tool," notes Cohen, "but it's not a universal panacea." The force generated by a spinning centrifuge is not exactly the same as gravity, he explains.
	www.firstscience.com /SITE/ARTICLES/hypergravity.asp (1009 words)

	Gravity As Gameplay - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In terms of Galactic technology, billions of years old, gravity is artificial and can even conform to the shell of a given character (read: not a factor).
		With native tech like that of the various Terran empires, gravity is generated either by rotating segments or a limited form of artificial gravity.
		Gravity could also be cycled (in terms of plates) higher or lower, provided you were in control of the command deck.
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=270141 (8740 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Why does spinning a space station create artificial gravity?
		The force is being exerted on you by the floor (outer rim) of the space station, which is pushing on the soles of your feet.
		Einstein tells us that gravity is actually just a fictitious force, too, but that doesn't stop physicists from treating it as real.
		This is a key difference between artificial gravity and the real kind.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/martificialgravity.html (1069 words)

	Artificial gravity needed for future space missions - MIT News Office
		Before a manned mission to Mars is feasible, an effective means of creating artificial gravity is needed to help prevent physical deterioration astronauts suffer during long space flights, said Dr. Laurence R. Young, the first Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics, at a talk last week.
		Artificial gravity created by spinning the spacecraft, possibly in the manner depicted in the movie "2001," may be the answer, he said.
		Variables such as optimum duration and level of artificial gravity, structural layout and habituation schedules need to be studied further, Dr. Young said.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/1995/gravity-1129.html (757 words)

	Artificial Gravity - A Forum Post by El Conquest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		At present, we have no way of making "artificial gravity" but one of the foremost theories is about using centrifugal force; a la BABYLON 5, spinning the ship.
		Sure the effects of gravity are easy to see and measure, but old' gravity has been pretty slippery in terms of nailing down specifically why and how it exists.
		So a way to create artificial gravity is to spin a ship or station, thus applying a centripetal acceleration to whatever is inside.
	tgnforums.stardock.com /?aid=122887 (4076 words)

	Mars Gravity Biosatellite Program
		The Mars Gravity Biosatellite Program is the first ever mission to study the effects of Martian gravity on mammals, a key step in the human exploration of space.
		The Mars Gravity Biosatellite Program, initiated in August 2001, is a student-driven, international space collaboration, uniting students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the University of Queensland (UQ) in a quest to determine how humans will respond to the reduced gravity environment of Mars.
		While rotating "artificial gravity" spacecraft may permit humans to stay in shape during the long journeys to Mars and back, no one knows how they will adapt during a prolonged stay on the surface of Mars.
	www.marsgravity.org /program/overview.php (699 words)

	SPACE.com -- Artificial Gravity: NASA Spins Up New Study
		NASA is undertaking new study that will explore use of artificial gravity to counter the effects on the human body from lengthy exposure to less than the one-gravity tug here on Earth.
		Using artificial gravity to thwart the effects of long-duration stays in microgravity is going to take a turn thanks to a joint research effort between University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston and NASA Johnson Space Center researchers.
		Given NASA's on-again/off-again attraction to artificial gravity, turning up the spin-dial on research this time is due to President George W. Bush's action-packed agenda to return humans to the Moon and make trips to Mars and beyond.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/050518_tech_wednesday.html (1397 words)

	SPACE.com -- Artificial Gravity: A New Spin on an Old Idea
		The use of artificial gravity for long duration space missions is regaining serious investigation in laboratories around the world.
		A major undertaking in artificial gravity research is being prepared at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, overseen by NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
		The Artificial Gravity Project Pilot Study involves test subjects being placed in a six degree head-down bed-rest position which simulates the effects of microgravity on a human body.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/artificial_gravity_041125.html (1342 words)

	Artificial Gravity
		Gravity is the least understood of the four basic forces in Physics (Gravity, Electricity & Magnetism, and the Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces).
		There is no known mechanism at this point for artificially creating gravity, other than having a suitably large mass at hand.
		You could keep a rocket constantly accelerating at 9.81 meters per second per second, and then flip the rocket around halfway to your destination and constantly accelerated in the opposite direction the rest of the way.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/ask_astro/answers/980204c.html (526 words)

	SPACE STATION WITH GRAVITY
		When a crew is on the Moon they are in a gravity well where they must first attain orbit to have a trajectory to Earth in a rescue vehicle or pod.
		For the Space Station with gravity the size, design, and essential mission may require a “middle model” of governance: a station city with condominium quarters for the participating nations.
		Artificial gravity within the cylindrical habitats results from rotation about the central hub.
	www.space-mining.com /spacestation.html (3033 words)

	Artificial Gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		That would be artificial gravity in the most usual sense of the world.
		Gravity is simply the distortion in space-time produced by a local concentration of energy.
		Of course, the amount of energy human beings are practically capable of focussing in one spot is trivial compared to the amount of energy represented by even a small piece of matter (via E = mc^2).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy99/phy99x87.htm (382 words)

	Newswise Medical News \| Space Cycle Tests Artificial Gravity as Solution to Muscle Loss
		Researchers are researching whether resistance-training exercise under artificial gravity conditions greater than or equal to Earth gravity (1g) produce the same kind of muscle responses that occur when a person performs weight training on Earth.
		Space Cycle is an artificial gravity exercise gym that enables the rider to perform resistance-training exercises without the use of weights.
		Caiozzo’s team is researching whether squats executed under artificial gravity conditions greater than or equal to Earth gravity (1g) produce the same kind of muscle responses that occur when a person performs weight training on Earth.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/514516 (638 words)

	Atomic Rocket: Artificial Gravity
		Notice that as point X is moved further from the center of rotation the artificial gravity increases.
		This is because the strength of spin gravity depends upon the distance to the spin axis, and the two edges are farther away from the axis than the habitat floor center.
		The crewmembers of the International Space Station are in a gravity field almost as strong as the one you are in.
	www.projectrho.com /rocket/rocket3u.html (3404 words)

	Artificial Gravity - Science fiction stories, especially on television just do not understand the gravity of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Artificial Gravity - Science fiction stories, especially on television just do not understand the gravity of the problem.
		This tool is one which doesn't necessarily mimic the effect of gravity, but rather produces a gravity well with vertical walls.
		This new device, however, produces a gravity well which is compressed to a single line that stops at some predefined point.
	maxpages.com /navelgazer/Artificial_Gravity - !http://www.maxpages.com/navelgazer/Artificial_Gravity (651 words)

	The Pull of HyperGravity
		A NASA researcher is studying the strange effects of artificial gravity on humans.
		Artificial gravity could prevent all that--and centrifuges are one plausible way to generate artificial gravity.
		Perhaps engineers could develop a centrifuge with a radius of several kilometers, large enough to generate high artificial gravity without rotating fast enough to trigger the tumbling illusion.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2003/07feb_stronggravity.htm (1259 words)

	Alternate View Column AV-18
		The subject of this AV column is an exploration of the differences between the "natural" gravity of Earth and the "artificial" gravity of a rotating space station.
		The pull of artificial gravity depends on the square of this tangential speed, so the "fast" edge experiences an increased pull of 1.12 g, while the pull on the "slow" edge decreases to 0.89 g.
		Like the "centrifugal force" which makes spin-generated artificial gravity, the Coriolis force is not a real force of nature, but rather a sort of illusion or pseudo-force which appears to observers in rotating systems.
	www.npl.washington.edu /AV/altvw18.html (1919 words)

	NASA Gives Artificial Gravity A New Spin
		With the national impetus to return humans to the Moon and make trips to Mars and beyond, new artificial gravity studies are about to begin to find answers to a number of questions regarding human beings' ability to withstand the rigors of such travel.
		This study, which supports NASA's Artificial Gravity Biomedical Research Project, will allow researchers to study for the first time, on a systematic basis, how artificial gravity might be used as a multi-system countermeasure against the effects of prolonged microgravity on the human body.
		We've looked at how artificial gravity might be used as a countermeasure for, say, cardiovascular changes or balance disorders.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/gravity-05i.html (790 words)

	NASA - NASA Gives Artificial Gravity a New Spin
		NASA will use a new human centrifuge to explore artificial gravity as a way to counter the physiologic effects of extended weightlessness for future space exploration.
		The "treatment" subjects will be positioned supine in the centrifuge and spun up to a force equal to 2.5 times Earth's gravity at their feet for an hour and then go back to bed.
		We've looked at how artificial gravity might be used as a countermeasure for, say, cardiovascular changes or balance disorders.
	www.nasa.gov /home/hqnews/2005/apr/HQ_05109_Artifical_Gravity.html (637 words)

	Physics News Update 739
		But without gravity these actions cease and liquids condense only by the haphazard and slower process of collision between droplets or bubbles.
		This essentially creates an artificial weightlessness (only about 1% of Earth's gravity remains) and allows one to see how capillary forces and "wetting" (the process by which a liquid layer builds up on a surface) are dominant in a freefall environment.
		Then some of the effects of gravity are artificially added back in, this time in the form of high-speed but low-amplitude vibrations.
	www.aip.org /pnu/2005/split/739-2.html (285 words)

	[No title]
		From their perspective he was an outsider, a nonmember of the "gravity establishment." They couldn't believe that a major discovery in physics had been made by such a no-status dilettante fooling around at some obscure lab in Finland.
		In darker moments I wonder if he even exists; the whole gravity story could be a prank by a bunch of hackers using a fake email address and a Finnish phone number that autoforwards calls to a dorm at MIT.
		Noever suggested that gravity may have a natural frequency, far higher than X rays or microwaves, which would explain why it penetrates all known materials.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/6.03/antigravity_pr.html (8325 words)

	Dvorak Uncensored » Artificial Gravity No Longer Just Science Fiction?
		An artificial gravity generator is probably the science-fictional pseudo-science device most disliked by physicists.
		Gravity is the darkness of which light emanates.
		If we could produce an artificial gravity field, just create a strong enough gravity field in opposition to the inertial direction and the inertia shouldn’t be felt.
	www.dvorak.org /blog/?p=4752 (1120 words)

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