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Topic: Artificial heart

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	Artificial heart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the original biological heart.
		Although the heart is conceptually a simple organ (basically a muscle that functions as a pump), it embodies complex subtleties that defy straightforward emulation using synthetic materials and power supplies.
		The obvious benefit of a functional artificial heart would be to lower the need for heart transplants, because the demand for donor hearts (as it is for all organs) always greatly exceeds supply.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_heart (591 words)

	Artificial Heart
		When designing an artificial heart, many things need to be taken into consideration, both before and after the implantation to keep the heart functioning at optimal level without hurting the body.
		A good size (close to the size of a normal heart; the abiocor artificial heart has a weight of 2 pounds) and the way it is positioned into the chest will promote comfort for the patient and also decrease the risk for infections.
		There are many materials artificial hearts are made of that are non-hazardous to the rest of the body (plyurethanes, polycarbonate, polypropylene, Dacron, silastic, titanium, stainless steel, marine aluminum, satellite and pyrolytic carbon).
	www.louisville.edu /~hkrang01/Artificial_Heart.html (583 words)

	Artificial Heart Helps People Awaiting Transplants
		The SynCardia CardioWest Temporary Total Artificial Heart is intended to be a "bridge to transplant" for people who don't respond to other treatments and who could die from non-reversible biventricular heart failure, a condition in which both the left and right sides of the heart are not functioning properly.
		SynCardia studied the artificial heart in 81 transplant patients with severe biventricular heart failure at five medical centers in the United States.
		In the studies, nearly 80 percent of patients implanted with the heart remained alive for 79 days, long enough to receive a donor heart, demonstrating that the artificial heart could successfully serve as a bridge to transplant.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2005/105_heart.html (653 words)

	FDA Approves Temporary Artificial Heart
		Hospitalized patients are connected by tubes from the heart through their chest wall to a large power-generating console, which operates and monitors the device.
		The heart is manufactured by Syncardia Systems Inc., of Tucson, Ariz. It is intended as a "bridge to transplant" for people waiting for a heart transplant who do not respond to other treatments and are at risk of imminent death from non-reversible bi-ventricular failure, i.e.
		In the studies, 79 percent of patients implanted with the heart remained alive long enough to receive a donor heart (an average of 79 days), demonstrating that the artificial heart could successfully serve as a bridge to transplant.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2004/ANS01317.html (347 words)

	ScienceDaily: FDA Approves Temporary Artificial Heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Artificial Heart Chamber And Artificial Blood Vessels Aid Cardiovascular Surgeons (August 28, 1998) -- A research team at Pennsylvania State University is studying the performance and stability of an artificial heart chamber, or artificial blood sac, and its ability to help the heart circulate blood.
		Heart valve -- In anatomy, the heart valves are valves in the heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference in pressure on each...
		Heart -- The heart is a hollow, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/10/041019085051.htm (1634 words)

	Manbir Online .. Artificial Heart
		Artificial hearts could be the future, offering hope to thousands of patients awaiting heart transplants.
		Artificial hearts date back to the mid 1950s and in the 1960s the first patient was kept alive for several hours using an artificial heart.
		One of the main drawbacks is the size of the hearts and their attached batteries.
	www.manbir-online.com /heartart.htm (358 words)

	Artificial Heart \| World of Invention
		Because the heart functions primarily as a pump to keep blood circulating through the body, medical researchers have long attempted to develop a mechanical pump to take over its job in the event of damage or disease.
		The first total artificial heart (TAH) was implanted in 1957 in a dog at the Cleveland Clinic by Willem Kolff, a Dutch-born surgeon, and Tetsuzo Akutsu.
		Artificial heart implantation captured worldwide headlines in 1982 when the first TAH intended for permanent use was implanted in the chest of a patient on the verge of death--dentist Barney Clark.
	www.bookrags.com /research/artificial-heart-woi (710 words)

	Artificial Heart
		In some cases, heart disease may be so severe that the patient may not survive the wait for a donor heart.
		The action of the artificial heart is entirely similar to the action of the natural heart.
		As a result, the artificial heart needs some external source of "life." An external power system energizes and regulates the pump through a system of compressed air hoses that enter the heart through the chest.
	sln2.fi.edu /biosci/healthy/fake.html (373 words)

	Artificial Heart
		An artificial heart or an assistance device intended for long-term use in patients who will leave the hospital and resume normal living requires a self-contained source of energy.
		The early models of the assist pumps, as well as the artificial hearts implanted in animals, were powered from outside the body, with wires or tubings running from the source through the chest wall to the device.
		The bold, imaginative surgeons who have made heart transplants and artificial hearts a reality are far ahead of their medical colleagues who are still struggling to unravel the chemical and mechanical influences of heart disease in order to treat it and prevent it.
	www.upd.edu.ph /~ismed/agham/archive/4th/extras/astra1.htm (1176 words)

	Technology Review: An Artificial Heart That Doesn't Beat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Heart surgeon "Bud" Frazier and his team are working with two such devices to develop a continuous flow artificial heart.
		With Frazier's continuous flow design for an entirely artificial heart, a severely damaged heart is removed and replaced with two rotor-based pumps that continually cycle blood through the body, completely taking over the function of the heart.
		Current heart bypass pumps are not used for long periods in part because of damage they do to fragile blood cells--in other words, our hearts are made this way for a reason.
	www.technologyreview.com /read_article.aspx?id=17523&ch=biotech (779 words)

	FDA Approves Temporary Artificial Heart
		Implanted in the chest, the artificial heart replaces the bottom half of the heart and is sewn onto the top half of the patient's original heart.
		Specifically, the artificial heart is intended for heart transplant candidates with irreversible heart failure from loss of function of the lower chambers of the heart.
		Since the new artificial heart is a temporary measure of last resort, the need for donated hearts remains as strong as ever.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/95/103342.htm (488 words)

	Artificial Heart Buys Time Until Transplant
		Artificial hearts are often called a "bridge" to transplant because it buys the patient some time while waiting for a donor heart.
		The artificial heart used in the study is modeled after the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, which gained notoriety in the 1980s when it was implanted into Salt Lake City resident Barney Clark.
		An estimated 100,000 heart failure patients need a heart transplant to live, since their condition is too severe to be helped with drugs or other treatments.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/93/102221.htm (573 words)

	Artificial Heart - Background, History, Raw Materials, Design, The Manufacturing Process, Quality Control (via ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Congestive heart failure, which is the steadily declining ability of the heart to pump blood, is one of the leading causes of death.
		These hearts consist of equipment that pulses the blood between heart beats or use an artificial auxiliary ventricle (left ventricle assist device, LVAD) that pumps a portion of the normal cardiac output.
		In Japan, researchers are developing total artificial hearts based on a silicone ball valve system and a centrifugal pump with a bearing system made from alumina ceramic and polyethylene components.
	www.madehow.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Volume-6/Artificial-Heart.html (2400 words)

	Artificial heart valve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An artificial heart valve is a device which is implanted in the heart of patients who suffer from valvular diseases in their heart.
		When one or two of the four heart valves of the heart have a malfunction, the choice is normally to replace the natural valve by an artificial valve.
		When blood pressure in the chamber of the heart exceeds that of the pressure on the outside of the chamber the ball is pushed against the cage and allows blood to flow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_heart_valve (665 words)

	IEEEVM: The Artificial Heart
		Often, heart disease may be so severe that a patient has little chance of surviving while he or she awaits a donor heart.
		Anticipation grew that the artificial heart, which could potentially save thousands of people each year and would clearly be one of humankind’s greatest achievements, was on the verge of becoming reality.
		Though the artificial heart mimics the action of the natural heart, there is one crucial difference that cannot be avoided: the natural heart is alive, while the artificial heart is made of plastic, aluminum, and Dacron polyester.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/tech.php?id=2345813&lid=1 (592 words)

	Jarvik-7 Total Artificial Heart - Texas Heart Institute - Heart Assist Devices
		Clinical evaluations of a total artificial heart for permanent use in patients began in 1982, when surgeons at the University of Utah implanted the device in a patient named Barney Clark.
		The artificial heart is attached to the heart's natural atria by cuffs made of Dacron™ felt.
		Leading With the Heart are members of the family of trademarks of the Texas Heart Institute.
	www.texasheartinstitute.org /Research/Devices/j7tah.cfm (433 words)

	CNN.com - Patient gets first totally implanted artificial heart - July 3, 2001
		Surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the heart Monday in a seven-hour procedure at Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky.
		The device pumps blood through the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body, simulating a living heartbeat.
		The artificial heart is designed for patients with heart failure or coronary heart disease who have failed all existing therapies.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/HEALTH/conditions/07/03/artificial.heart (821 words)

	Paul Winchell: Inventor of the Artficial Heart
		Odd as it may seem, the heart wasn't that different from building a dummy; the valves and chambers were not unlike the moving and eyes and closing mouth of a puppet.
		He requested that I come to Salt Lake City for a meeting and indicated that the heart they were using in their animal studies was based upon the same principles as those found in my patent.
		Beating in its chest with a rhythm that was quite audible, was an artificial heart that went click-clack but this amazing creature was a clinically functioning bovine that was eating, mooing and defecating.
	www.paulwinchell.com /artificialheart.htm (4523 words)

	CNN.com - Artificial heart patient dies - December 13, 2001
		The artificial heart had continued to function, but the man was on life support because of multiple organ failure, and his family requested that the support be withdrawn, according to a statement from the hospital.
		The sixth artificial heart recipient died November 27 due to severe bleeding during surgery to implant the device at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston.
		Tom Christerson, who has had the artificial heart for three months, is able to walk with assistance and breathe on his own, his doctors at Jewish Hospital said.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/HEALTH/12/13/artificial.heart.death (458 words)

	Artificial Heart Valves
		Artificial heart valves are used to replace damaged or diseased heart valves that can't be repaired.
		People with artificial heart valves are at higher risk for developing an infection of the valve (endocarditis).
		Most people with artificial heart valves will need to be placed on an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots from forming.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=11221 (169 words)

	CNN.com - Artificial heart recipient back on respirator - July 5, 2001
		The new heart is revolutionary in that former artificial hearts had to be powered by external controllers, often weighing as much as 300 pounds.
		The new heart was sewn inside the patient's body along with a battery pack and controller, and has no tubes or wires extending outside his chest.
		A spokesman for Abiomed, Inc., the company that manufactured the heart, said although the long-term goal is for the artificial heart to keep someone alive for five years, the company's "short-term immediate goal" for this first patient is to live six months on the device.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/HEALTH/07/05/artificial.heart.new/index.html (1075 words)

	CHFpatients.com - Artificial Hearts
		Other artificial hearts have been in development for many years, but have not yet reached human trials.Abiomed has a lot of experience in heart assist devices but this is their first - and very well planned - attempt at a replacement heart.
		Heart device infection is not always obvious, especially when the infection involves the "pocket" where the device generator is implanted.
		Doctors said the patient had a long history of heart problems, was on multiple drugs to maintain blood pressure, and was on a ventilator before the surgery.
	www.chfpatients.com /implants/artificial_hearts.htm (2704 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Artificial Hearts Work"
		Basically, the heart is a muscular pump that maintains oxygen and blood circulation through your lungs and body.
		On July 2, 2001, heart failure patients were given new hope as surgeons at Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, performed the first artificial heart transplant in nearly two decades.
		The AbioCor Implantable Replacement Heart is the first completely self-contained artificial heart and is expected to at least double the life expectancy of heart patients.
	health.howstuffworks.com /artificial-heart.htm (246 words)

	UCLA Implantable Artificial Heart
		UCLA expects that initial implantation of the artificial heart in patients will begin in the year 2000 by a team led by renowned cardiac surgeon Dr. Hillel Laks, director of the UCLA Heart and Lung Transplant Programs.
		ABIOMED's artificial heart, which replaces the full pumping function of the human heart, is placed in the chest cavity after removal of the patient's diseased heart.
		For the last three years, it has been the largest heart transplant program in the United States and in 1997 was the largest in the world.
	www2.healthcare.ucla.edu /artificial_heart/newsrelease_050598.html (460 words)

	Simpler pump boosts failing hearts - 28 July 2004 - New Scientist
		is intended to solve the problems of mechanical failure and blood clotting that have bedevilled artificial hearts and pumps since they were invented.
		They augment the pumping action of the left ventricle - the heart's main chamber and the one that is responsible for 90 per cent of heart failure cases.
		According to Steven Tsui, who is director of mechanical assist heart services at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, and will run the UK trials, the VentrAssist is less likely to damage red blood cells because it moves the blood more slowly with a bigger impeller.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6209 (688 words)

	Implantable artificial heart from Danvers company wins FDA approval - The Boston Globe (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The first is likely to be Jewish Hospital in Louisville, where seven of the 14 artificial hearts in the trial were implanted.
		A successor to the Jarvik heart is now used to keep patients alive while waiting for a transplant, but they cannot leave the hospital with it.
		Rob Dowling, a heart surgeon at Louisville's Jewish Hospital who helped implant seven of the original 14 Abiomed hearts, said the company set a ``lofty goal" in trying to build a fully implantable artificial heart.
	www.boston.com.cob-web.org:8888 /business/globe/articles/2006/09/06/fda_approves_the_first_fully_implantable_artificial_heart (897 words)

	ipedia.com: Artificial heart Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The term artificial heart is used for one that is placed in the body, as opposed to an external machine, a cardiac pump.
		The obvious benefit is to lower the need for heart transplants, because the demand for donor hearts (as it is for all organs) always greatly exceeds supply.
		Most doctors are confident that with increased understanding of the heart and continuing improvements in prosthetics engineering, computer science, electronics, battery technology, fuel cells, etc. that the artificial heart will be a reality sometime in the 21st century.
	www.ipedia.com /artificial_heart.html (398 words)

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