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Topic: Artificial life

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	Artificial life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Artificial life, also known as alife or a-life, is the study of life through the use of human-made analogs of living systems.
		Although the study of artificial life does have some significant overlap with the study of artificial intelligence (AI), the two fields are very distinct in their history and approach.
		Artificial life is a meeting point for people from many other more traditional fields such as linguistics, physics, mathematics, philosophy, computer science, biology, anthropology and sociology in which unusual computational and theoretical approaches that would be controversial within their home discipline can be discussed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_life (1956 words)

	Artificial Life VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The term "Artificial Life" is used to describe research into human-made systems that possess some of the essential properties of life.
		Artificial Life is often described as attempting to understand high-level behavior from low-level rules; for example, how the simple rules of Darwinian evolution lead to high-level structure, or the way in which the simple interactions between ants and their environment lead to complex trail-following behavior.
		Yet Artificial Life is not only about the construction and simulation of living systems, whether artificial or natural; an impressive engineering effort is geared towards the construction of adaptive autonomous robots.
	www.alife7.alife.org /whatis.shtml (482 words)

	Artificial Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The purpose of this conference is to bring together researchers in neurosciences, ethology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fields to improve our understanding of the behaviors and underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots to adapt and survive in uncertain environments, and to simulate those mechanisms in robots and autonomous synthetic systems.
		The idea is based on ecology-inspired artificial life models in which a distributed population of intelligent information agents (infospiders) survives by searching and retrieving documents online, on behalf of the user, in networked information environments such as the Web.
		The main aim of the CAM-Brain Project is to build/grow/evolve an artificial brain by 2003 with a billion artificial neurons.
	www.insead.fr /CALT/Encyclopedia/ComputerSciences/AI/aLife.htm (4118 words)

	Artificial Life
		A-life uses both computing and biology to model the living world around us or to build new software with the adaptability and resilience of life itself.
		The new science of artificial life (AL) is introducing new products and machines that may someday force us to rewrite the definition of "life" to include noncarbon-based materials.
		AL theorists speculate that computers will soon have the capacity to depict "life as it could be," thanks to the study of "chaos," which shows that seemingly obvious random occurrences may be linked by discernible patterns.
	project.cyberpunk.ru /idb/alife.html (738 words)

	Artificial Life
		Artificial Life is devoted to a new discipline that investigates the scientific, engineering, philosophical, and social issues involved in our rapidly increasing technological ability to synthesize life-like behaviors from scratch in computers, machines, molecules, and other alternative media.
		One of the basic tenets of this still-infant field is the belief that life is not unique to its biological (and, as yet, only known) form, but is a more general property of the organization of matter.
		Artificial life explores life as it could be as opposed to life as we know it to be.
	geocities.com /goldenziby/alife.html (503 words)

	Artificial Life Game
		Artificial intelligence research has tried to make machines that think; the newer and in many ways more exciting field of artificial life ("ALife") seeks computers and computer-riv en machines that work like-or arguably in some sense are-living things.
		Artificial life forms inhabiting virtual worlds are nothing new to fans of computer games like The Sims, but rewiring artificial life for scientific research is a new frontier.
		Artificial life, a field that seeks to increase the role of synthesis in the study of biological phenomena, has great potential, both for unlocking the secrets of life and for raising a host of disturbing issues -- scientific and technical as well as philosophical and ethical.
	alifegame.blogspot.com (1172 words)

	Artificial Life
		Artificial Life tries to uncover which properties of life-as-we-know-it are typical for just this kind of life, and which properties are universal for living beings, properties, that must be possessed by every kind of life.
		Artificial Life does not concern the special wet and carbon-based life as we know it here on earth, which is the subject of experimental biology.
		Artificial neural networks are a typical example of parallel information processing and, hence, a kind of artificial life (That the parallelism of neural network models can be simulated on sequential computers is simply a stroke of luck and says nothing about the computational principle itself).
	metafysica.nl /a_life.html (9258 words)

	artificial life - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about artificial life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Research in this area is being conducted all around the world; the most significant centres are the Santa Fe Institute and the MIT Media Lab.
		We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /artificial+life (138 words)

	Artificial Life
		Artificial Life Laboratory at the Research Institute for Networks and Communications Engineering (RINCE) based in the School of Electronic Engineering at Dublin City University.
		Some artificial life simulations are also mainly of interest because they are artificial societies." -from their Overview.
		Artificial Life (published by MIT Press) is the official journal of ISAL, and the biannual International Conference on Artificial Life is the official scientific gathering of the Society." - excerpt from the Mission statement.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/alife.html (3673 words)

	Welcome to Zooland!
		There is nothing in its charter that restricts biology to carbon-based life; it is simply that this is the only kind of life that has been available to study.
		Artificial Life (``AL'' or ``Alife'') is the name given to a new discipline that studies "natural" life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media.
		By now, applications of artificial life (Alife) are becoming commonplace: Social scientists use "evolutionary" algorithms to explore social interactions, for example, while biologists harness the equations for studying protein folding and lining up DNA sequences.
	zooland.alife.org (4141 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Artificial Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Artificial Life and Other Experiments - Artificial life and genetic algorithm experiments in java and tcl with free source code; 3D doll pictures and web design experiments.
		Artificial Life by Jpr - Some of the main alife topics illustrated by applets or applications.
		Artificial Life Games - Developer of artificial life games as free software with open source code - download the game and source code.
	www.dmoz.org /Computers/Artificial_Life (502 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| 'Artificial life' comes step closer
		This essence of life contains ready-made much of the biological machinery needed to make proteins; the researchers also added an enzyme from a virus to allow the vesicle to translate DNA code.
		And several chemists are exploring the kinds of chemical reactions that may have preceded life.
		Not only are his cells artificial, they can function only in the nutrient medium he supplies them.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4104483.stm (497 words)

	Evolutionary Systems and Artificial Life
		Artificial Life Bibliography of On-line Publications by Ezequiel A. Di Paolo
		Laboratory for the Theory of the Artificial : The research at LCA, aims at promoting debate on what artificial objects are, in whatever areas they are generated.
		MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory : The principal goals of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory are to develop a computational theory of intelligence and to develop high-impact practical applications.
	informatics.indiana.edu /rocha/alife.html (1342 words)

	Amazon.com: Artificial Life : A Report from the Frontier Where Computers Meet Biology (Vintage): Books: Steven Levy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The effort to create artificial life is occurring primarily within computer science, although it brings together physicists, microbiologists, mathematicians, ethologists, and others in addition to computer scientists.
		While the concept of artificial life has been around at least since humans developed self-awareness, the commensurate decline of religion and rise of the scientific method was necessary for it to become a point of real debate.
		Levy seems to think that Artificial Life will be created but the entire last chapter seems to indicate he thinks it will be bad.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0679743898?v=glance (2029 words)

	[ Artificial Life, Inc. ]
		Artificial Life, Inc. has three business divisions: Intelligent Agents and Smart Bots, Mobile Computing and Life Sciences and Bio-Computing.
		Artificial Life, Inc. is headquartered in Hong Kong.
		April 15, 2003 - Interfax.com - Media reaction to SARS is out of proportion to the danger - CEO of Artificial Life Inc.
	www.artificial-life.com /en/company.php (159 words)

	The DCU ALife Lab [Home] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		I do not really believe that we shall succeed in creating life artificially; but after having reached the moon and landed a spaceship or two on Mars, I realize that this disbelief of mine means very little.
		But computers are totally different from brains, whose function is not primarily to compute but to guide and balance an organism and help it to stay alive.
		It is for this reason that the first step of nature toward an intelligent mind was the creation of life, and I think that should we artificially create an intelligent mind, we would have to follow the same path.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~alife (103 words)

	artificial life, Mobile Robotics Research Group, Edinburgh University
		Traditional robotics that uses Artificial Intelligence planning techniques to program robot behaviors works toward the first, while the Autonomous Robotics approach suggest that the second is a possibility.
		A long term goal in Artificial Life is to evolve speciation in Artificial Life models.
		Artificial Life techniques can also be used to evolve aesthetic pictures to be used in artistic design.
	www.dai.ed.ac.uk /groups/mrg/research/artificial_life.html (1140 words)

	Artificial Life VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The next Artificial Life conference will be in 2002.
		Artificial Life VIII being held in Sydney, Australia.
		This year's conference on artificial life is the 6th European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) being held in Prague.
	alife7.alife.org (169 words)

	Artificial Life
		Artificial life, as a discipline, is concerned with constructing and studying human-made systems that possess the essential properties of natural life.
		Henrik Hautop Lund, Luigi Pagliarini and Orazio Miglino, The Artificial Painter.
		Artificial Life II Back-of-Book Information Artificial life is a new field of scientific inquiry that studies biology by attenpting to synthesize such biological phenomena as life, evolution, and ecological dynamics within computers and others "artificial" media.
	www.aridolan.com /ad/adb/AL.html (11726 words)

	comp.ai.alife Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		_Artificial Life: the Quest for a New Creation_, by Steven Levy, was one of the first; Levy presents a large amount of material detailing the genesis of the field, including a description of many still-active projects.
		Rudy Rucker's _Artificial Life Lab_ has been recommended as a good way to get involved; a short review (by Wally Raisanen) is available on the FAQ-resources Web page, http://www.krl.caltech.edu/~brown/alife/.
		The purpose of comp.ai.alife is to provide an unmoderated forum in which to discuss topics related to the field of Artificial Life, as well as providing a centralized resource base for queries regarding AL research.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/ai-faq/alife (1635 words)

	The Temple of Alife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Artificial Life is a field of scientific study that attempts to model living biological systems through complex algorithms.
		Scientists use these models to test and experiment with a multitude of factors on the behavior of the systems.
		We artists here at Fusebox see these algorithms as a starting point for a new artistic exploration where the interactivity is not only between the user and the computer program but within the computer system itself.
	alife.fusebox.com (73 words)

	Category:Artificial life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Artificial life is an interdisciplinary line of research (largely between computer science and biology, but with applications in wide areas including economics and archeology) with the aim to create living or life-like artificial systems, either in the form of computer programs or in the form of robots.
		The main article for this category is Artificial life.
		There are 4 subcategories shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Artificial_life (115 words)

	International Society for Artificial Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Framsticks is a versatile simulator of artificial life forms, used for research and education in many fields of science, including evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, neural networks, robotics, biology, and neuroscience.
		Grid Wars was created to amplify interest and enthusiasm in parallel programming, artificial intelligence, artificial life and cluster computing.
		The participating battle programs are written in the parallel programming language CxC ("C by C"), which was designed to simplify the modeling and simulation of a large number of interdependent elements, their parallel interactions.
	alife.8media.org (923 words)

	Virtual ALife Library
		Steels, L. The Homo Cyber Sapiens, the Robot Homonidus Intelligens, and the artificial life approach to artificial intelligence.
		In: Steels, L. and R. Brooks (eds.) (1994) The `artificial life' route to `artificial intelligence'.
		Steels, L. The artificial life roots of artificial intelligence.
	www.cs.brandeis.edu /~zippy/alife-library.html (767 words)

	Amazon.com: Artificial Life: An Overview (Complex Adaptive Systems): Books: Christopher G. Langton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Artificial Life V: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (Complex Adaptive Systems) by Christopher G. Langton
		Artificial Life VII: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Artificial Life (Complex Adaptive Systems) by Mark Bedau
		This college-level text focuses on the field of artificial life, providing articles which appeared in the journal of the same name and including a new introduction.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0262621126?v=glance (819 words)

	Artificial Life: Links & Literature
		This page is indended to be a first "contact point" for those with a general background in AI, Computer Science, Biology, (or related field), who are unfamiliar with Artificial Life but want to find out more about it.
		This page is not meant to give a comprehensive overview or introduction to Artificial Life, such a role can be better fulfilled by other links listed below.
		Raff: The Shape of Life: Genes, Development, and the Evolution of Animal Form, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1996.
	homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk /~comqkd/Alife.htm (754 words)

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