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Topic: Artificial person

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	Sovereign or 'Person' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The issue of 'person' is of primary importance since under color of authority [unconstitutional regardless of the target populace] statutes and laws are made to affect 'person[s,'] not 'citizen' or 'sovereign.' As stated above, the sovereign is the highest authority and is supreme to all other law except the laws of the Creator.
		A person is a man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the rights to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duties which it imposes.
		As to the persons who compose the body politic, they take collectively the name, of people, or nation; and individually they are citizens, when considered in relation to their political rights, and subjects as being submitted to the laws of the state.
	www.worldnewsstand.net /EdLewis/16.htm (4648 words)

	Person - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, a typical adult is entirely a person, while a human permanently in a persistent vegetative state would not be considered a person at all.
		The soul is not person, only the composite is. Man alone is among the material beings person, he alone having a rational nature.
		Largely separate from the discussion of "real" persons are considerations regarding artificial persons such as corporations and states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Person (2736 words)

	Definition of a "Person"
		Inasmuch as the word person, man, thing, property, rights, wrongs and actions are leading terms constituting the designation of departments of the corpus juris, it will be impossible to obtain clear conceptions of subjects connected with these words until an understanding is agreed upon as to the sense in which these terms are used.
		The law of persons is the law of status or condition; the law of things is the law of rights and obligations considered in a general manner, or as distinguished from these peculiar collections of rights and obligations which are styled conditions and considered apart.
		The law does not distinguish between men except by their personality, as king or magistrate, or as parent or husband or wife, etc. While the idea may be difficult for the tyro to grasp, the personality, i.e., this condition or status of a many is entirely the creation of the law.
	www.matriots.com /bh/person.html (5140 words)

	Civil Code Of Hungary
		Persons who are completely lacking the mental ability to conduct their affairs are legally incompetent even if they are not placed in the custody of a conservator.
		Discrimination against private persons on the grounds of gender, race, ancestry, national origin, or religion; violation of the freedom of conscience; any unlawful restriction of personal freedom; injury to body or health; contempt for or insult to the honor, integrity, or human dignity of private persons shall be deemed as violations of inherent rights.
		A person engaged in scientific, literary, or artistic activities, if his name can be confused with the name of another person who has already been engaged in similar activities, shall not even be entitled to use his own name without a distinctive addendum or omission while engaged in such activities.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/reformclub/hck1.html (7523 words)

	person - Anarchopedia
		Person, in the classic sense, refers to a living human being.
		For example, in the abortion controversy, although the fetus is clearly of the human species, it is a matter of debate whether or not it should be considered a person.
		Some argue that an early stage fetus is not a person because of its lack of any form of consciousness, while some would argue that they are persons because they are human, or because they will develop into conscious beings.
	eng.anarchopedia.org /person (2093 words)

	Corporate Personhood. Santa Clara Blues: Corporate Personhood v. Democracy by William Meyers
		All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
		It should be understood that the term "artificial person" was already in long use, with no mistake that corporations were claiming to have the rights of natural persons.
		The need to be freed from legislative and judicial constraints, combined with the chance use of the word "person" in the U.S. Constitution and the concept of the "artificial person," led to the argument that these "artificial persons" were "persons" with an inconsequential "artificial" adjective appended.
	www.iiipublishing.com /afd/Coperson.htm (7240 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When arguments are offered up that the Constitution defines a person to include both natural and artificial persons, the courts have departed from the original meaning, and have greatly expanded their interpretation.
		A natural person is a human being, while an artificial person is often a corporation.
		What is interesting is that the artificial person or corporation, enjoys the advantage of the equal protection and due process of the government, but does not have the same responsibilities of the individual citizen.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/1201/1201citizenship.txt (891 words)

	Artificial Nutrition
		Some people may be concerned that withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition or hydration is the same thing as starving a patient, but this is usually not the case in a patient who is dying.
		When a dying patient (or his or her surrogate decision-maker) decides to forego artificial nutrition or hydration, the patient's disease is the cause of death.
		From a medical perspective, withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition or hydration from a dying patient is no different from the decision to forego any other medical treatment, such as artificial ventilation, which may prolong dying.
	www.ecu.edu /bioethics/ArtificialNutrition.htm (509 words)

	North Carolina Law Review
		Artificial intelligence (AI) research attempts to develop such models.
		legal meaning of a 'person' is a subject of legal rights and 1239 duties." [FN27] The question whether an entity should be considered a legal person* is reducible to other questions about whether or not the entity can and should be made the subject of a set of legal rights and duties.
		Although we may lack experience with moral persons who are not human, we have extensive experience with legal persons, such as corporations, that are not natural persons.
	home.sandiego.edu /~lsolum/Westlaw/legalpersonhood.htm (10014 words)

	Glossary pages A - D
		The act of a person to whom a thing is offered or tendered by another, whereby he receives the thing with the intention of retaining it, such intention being evidenced by a sufficient act.
		A formal charge against a person, to the effect that he is guilty of a punishable offense, laid before a court or magistrate having jurisdiction to inquire into the alleged crime.
		The person who possesses the equitable right to property and receives the rents, issues, and profits thereof, the legal estate of which is vested in a trustee.
	www.commonlawvenue.com /Glossary/GlossaryA-D.htm (10560 words)

	Corporate personhood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The choice of the word 'person' in 'personhood' arises from the way Section One of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was worded and from earlier legal usage of the word 'person'.
		It should be understood that the term 'artificial person' was in long use, prior to the Dartmouth College decision, and was in principle distinct from any contention that corporations have the rights of natural persons.
		In fact the corporations had been called artificial persons by courts in England as early as the 16th century because lawyers for the corporations had asserted they could not be convicted under the English laws of the time because the laws were worded "No person shall..."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corporate_personhood (2304 words)

	Pravda.RU: Science, Soul, Heaven and Supreme Mind
		It was shown in my previous articles about the artificial intelligence and human immortality that the issue of immortality can be solved fundamentally only with the help of changing a biological bubble of a human being to an artificial one.
		It will not be possible to destroy an artificial person with any kind of weapons, since it will be possible to copy the information of his mind and then keep it separately.
		No person can explain the meaning of the word 'soul.' They just keep saying that a human soul is not material, and that it leaves a person's body after death and flies either to paradise or to hell.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2003/01/08/41749_.html (4049 words)

	1993-100 \| 7/26/1993 \| Kansas Attorney General Opinion
		In board of tax appeals proceedings conducted in accordance with the Kansas administrative procedures act, artificial parties such as counties and corporations may participate through a duly authorized representative such as the county appraiser or a corporate officer unless and until the board requires artificial parties to participate by counsel.
		While a duly authorized representative may participate in the proceedings, a non-attorney representative may not engage in the unauthorized practice of law and therefore may not examine witnesses, file pleadings, make legal arguments, or perform other functions deemed to be the practice of law.
		Individual taxpayers may participate in person or through an attorney authorized to practice law in this state, but may not be otherwise represented as such would constitute the unauthorized practice of law.
	www.kscourts.org /ksag/opinions/1993/1993-100.htm (1368 words)

	Artificial Intelligence \| AI \| Future For All.org
		Eye On AI One definition of artificial intelligence is offered by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence: "the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines".
		Person A tries to fool the interrogator about their gender, while person B tries to assist the interrogator in their identification.
		For artificial intelligence to become a reality, much will need to be learned in the areas of psychology, neuroscience, cognitive and computer sciences and more.
	www.futureforall.org /ai/artificial_intelligence.htm (1085 words)

	What is a person?
		A person is the kind of entity that has the moral right to make its own life-choices, to live its life without (unprovoked) interference from others.
		At the Mind Project, we are convinced that one of the best ways to learn about minds and persons is to attempt to build an artificial person, to build a machine that has a mind and that deserves the moral status of personhood.
		(He most definitely is not suggesting that bats are persons.) Rather he is interested to deny the claim that a purely physical account of an organism (of its brain states, etc.) could, even in principle, be capable of capturing the subjective character of that organism's experiences.
	www.mind.ilstu.edu /research/persons/nature/person1.html (5036 words)

	Nevada Revised Statutes: Chapter 14
		NRS 14.020 Artificial persons doing business in Nevada to appoint resident agents; service of process, demand or notice; staffing of registered office; fine for failure to staff registered office.
		NRS 14.030 Service of process when artificial person fails to appoint resident agent or when registered office of artificial person is not staffed.
		NRS 14.020, by delivering a copy to the Secretary of State, or, in his absence, to any deputy secretary of state, and such service is valid to all intents and purposes.
	www.leg.state.nv.us /NRS/NRS-014.html (1948 words)

	Person (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The word "person" in legal terminology is perceived as a general word which normally includes in its scope a variety of entities other than human beings.
		That system considers the prince as the Sovereign, and the people as his subjects; it regards his person as the object of allegiance, and excludes the idea of his being on an equal footing with a subject, either in a court of justice or elsewhere.
		That system contemplates him as being the fountain of honor and authority; and from his grace and grant derives all franchise, immunities and privileges; it is easy to perceive that such a Sovereign could not be amenable to a court of justice, or subjected to judicial control and actual constraint.
	www.worldnewsstand.net /law/person.htm (4670 words)

	File your Nevada DBA with LegalZoom.com
		For an artificial person required to make annual filings with the Secretary of State to retain its good standing, one must provide their name as it appears in the records of the Secretary of State.
		If one or more of the partners is an artificial person required to make annual filings with the Secretary of State to retain its good standing, for each such partner, one must submit their name as it appears in the records of the Secretary of State.
		An artificial person is required to make annual filings with the Secretary of State to retain its good standing, and it must be filed by a person required to sign the annual filing.
	www.legalzoom.com /dba/Nevada.html (768 words)

	LCE report 2000: Development of Artificial Person
		We are developing an Artificial Person that can communicate and interact with humans via natural communication channels.
		Figure 41: Set of expressions of the Artificial Person that is based on parametrised facial animation and synchronised speech synthesizer.
		The result is that the skin around the attachment point of the muscle is displaced towards the other end of the muscle, see Figure 43.
	www.lce.hut.fi /publications/annual2000/node31.html (775 words)

	My straw man is an artificial person created by law at my birth on September 1
		My straw man is an artificial person created by law at my birth on September 1, 1948 via the inscription of an ALL-CAPITAL LETTERS NAME on my birth certificate/document, which is a document of title and a negotiable instrument.
		I, Thomas-Joseph: Kennedy have been answering when the legal person, KENNEDY, THOMAS JOSEPH, is addressed, and therefore the two have been recognized as being one and the same.
		This also means that the bankrupt, corporate Canada guaranteed to the purchasers of their securities my lifetime labour and tax revenues with my birth certificate as collateral for payment.
	www.cyberclass.net /strawman.htm (2105 words)

	Yankton Sioux Tribal Code, Title X - Exclusion and Removal Code
		The procedures outlined herein are intended to provide procedural fairness to persons affected by these provisions while at the same time recognizing the need, in appropriate situations, to act immediately to remedy actual or threatened harm.
		Upon complaint by the Tribal Attorney of the Yankton Sioux Tribe, the Tribal Court may determine whether a real or artificial person has committed any of the aforementioned acts constituting grounds for exclusion and removal and whether or not the removal and/or exclusion of such real or artificial person is to be ordered.
		B. Whenever the exclusion and/or removal of a real or artificial person is ordered without a prior hearing as provided herein, the person shall be served with a notice of such action.
	www.narf.org /nill/Codes/yanktoncode/yanktoncodet10exclusion.htm (866 words)

	"Strawman" Strategies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You cannot be a "natural person." No matter what anyone else says the term "natural person" is still an artificial entity.
		Well when you say you are in proper person, you admit to being an artificial being called a "person." Please note that all statutes contain the term "person" and not MAN. All statutes can only apply to persons.
		Does not the IRC say "any person liable?" Person is the liability and it that artificial being listed as a person in statute that makes so much that the artificial person is liable, NOT the MAN. But you admit you are the person and never challenge it.
	www.wealth4freedom.com /truth/2/strawman.htm (953 words)

	person
		You ought not to generalize, but to consider the person you are dealing with.
		a person not entitled to social recognition or respect.
		Now that she's working, she feels that she's her own person.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/person (251 words)

	Natural-Person Artificial-Natural Page
		An artificial-person is defined as "A legal entity, not a human being, recognized as a person in law to whom legal rights and duties may attach - e.g.
		Whenever you read any Law or Statute, you must be sure to check the meaning of the word "person" as it applies to that particular law.
		In order to implement slavery of it's citizens and control them according to its whim, the Government had to invent a system that would not violate a human-being's fundamental rights, but would allow the Government to "own" everything produced or gained by its citizens.
	www.natural-person.ca /artificial.html (531 words)

	Building an Artificial Person (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		BUILDING AN The PT-Project is a multi-disciplinary, student-faculty research project, which is committed (among other things) to building artificial persons.
		This is not to say that all of us participating in the project believe that it is possible to build a person but only that there is much to learn about ourselves and computers by trying.
		Finally, Part C gives a brief description of Iris, our first artificial person, who is in the process of being constructed using the components described in part B. Building an Artificial Person
	www.ptproject.ilstu.edu /prsnbld1.htm (187 words)

	Building an Artificial Person (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The PT-Project is an interdisciplinary, student/faculty research project committed to building an artificial person (a robot!).
		If you are interested in the state-of-the-art in artificial intelligence and in robotics, you might visit MIT's cognitive science labs where they are building an infant robot named "Cog".
		Rather, we are building an artificial person entirely for its educational value.
	www.ptproject.ilstu.edu /prsnbld0.htm (318 words)

	HUT / LCE Cognitive Technology: Artificial Person
		We have developed a toolkit for real-time computer animation of Finnish-speaking talking head, "Artificial Person".
		Synchronized auditory and visual speech are automatically produced from input text, which can be enriched by user definable commands to perform specific gestures, as for example facial expressions (Fig.
		The Artificial Person is able to express six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise) and their combinations.
	www.lce.hut.fi /research/cogntech/artificial (130 words)

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