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	Elbe-Lübeck Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Elbe-Lübeck Canal (also known as "Elbe-Trave Canal") is an artificial waterway in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
		The precursor of this canal was the Stecknitz Canal, built between 1390 and 1398, being one of the oldest artificial waterways of Europe.
		This canal connected the tiny rivers Stecknitz (tributary of the Trave) and Delvenau (tributary of the Elbe).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elbe-Luebeck_Canal (216 words)

	Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Canals are man-made waterways, usually connecting existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.
		Irrigation canals are man-made waterways for the delivery of water and preceded the use of transportation canals used by barges or narrowboats on smaller canals, and by ships on ship canals that connect to the ocean.
		The pace of draining of fenland and polder in the Low Countries quickened in the 14th century and canalization made the village of Amsterdam a port.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canal (336 words)

	CANAL - LoveToKnow Article on CANAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In England the oldest artificial canal is the Foss Dyke, a relic of the Roman occupation.
		The splendid inland navigation system of Canada mainly consists of natural lakes and rivers, and the artificial waterways are largely lateral canals, cut in order to enable vessels to avoid rapids in the rivers.
		The ordinary inland canal is commonly from 25 to 30 ft. wide at the bottom, which is flat, and from 40 to 50 ft. at the water level, with a depth of 4 or 5 ft., the angle of slope of the sides varying with the nature of the soil.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CANAL.htm (3187 words)

	Encyclopedia: Canals of the United Kingdom
		The aim of bodies such as British Waterways (which owns about half of Britain's inland waterway network) is to fully reopen all disused canals.
		In May 2005 The Times reported that British Waterways was hoping to quadruple the amount of cargo carried on Britain's canal network to 6 million tonnes by 2010 by transporting large amounts of waste to disposal facilities.
		British Waterways is a government body sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Scottish Executive in the United Kingdom.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Canals-of-the-United-Kingdom (3991 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of the British canal system
		The Exeter canal was built in 1563 which means it predates the canal mania period and is one of the oldest artificial waterways in the UK.
		During the 1950s and 1960s freight transport on the canals declined rapidly in the face of mass road transport, and several more canals were abandoned during this period.
		Waterway restoration is the activity of restoring a canal or river, including special features such as warehouse buildings, locks, boat lifts, and boats.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-the-British-canal-system (3852 words)

	Waterways
		Ireland's main navigable inland waterways centre on the Shannon Navigation, the country's largest river which runs from Co. Leitrim through to the Shannon estuary at Limerick, meeting the Atlantic Ocean.
		The Grand Canal, (begun in 1756, completed in 1803) which runs through Dublin's south-side and heads across the midlands to enter the Shannon near Banagher, is fully navigable throughout and serves several centres of population including Tullamore, the county town of Co. Offaly.
		Another waterway, the Ballinamore and Ballyconnell Canal, derelict since 1912, has recently been restored, allowing boats to travel across the border from the Shannon to the Erne Navigation.
	www.irtf-ie.org /water.htm (488 words)

	BOSS Informacje Ekonomiczne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The network of navigable inland waterways in Poland has a total length of about 3,800 kilometres, which include over 3,000 of rivers, while the rest are artificial waterways such as mainly canals and canalised rivers.
		In fact, the waterways in use account for just 70% of the total length of navigable waterways in Poland, as for many years, the work on maintaining usability of certain routes, especially on the Vistula River, which is nearly dead in this respect, have been significantly limited.
		Most of goods shipped by inland waterways go to Germany (98.5% in exports; while imports from Germany account for 96.7% of the total), while the rest is accounted for by trade with the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
	www.boss.com.pl /index.php?jezyk=uk&wszystko=&dzial=business&archiwum=lista&id=1462 (889 words)

	House of Commons - Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs - Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence
		Many inland waterways are delicately balanced environments which need careful planning and management if they are to thrive as natural habitats, and be used sustainably for everything from land drainage and water resources to leisure and tourism.
		The Nene Waterways Partnership of Local Authorities and the Agency, is producing ambitious development plans to attract funding for recreation and navigation on the Nene.
		Waterways have a tremendous value to rural and urban communities, they provide leisure amenities for all social groups and many of them are in public ownership.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmenvtra/317/317ap50.htm (3565 words)

	United States (from canals and inland waterways) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		But in a stricter sense, waterways are those bodies of water that are wide and deep enough for passage by freight-carrying vessels.
		A canal may be dug to drain low areas, to float away sewage, to bring water to dry farmlands, or to carry water from storage places, such as reservoirs, to city water-supply systems.
		Few construction projects of the classical world can rival the political and economic significance of the waterway, which linked the early military and political centers of northern China to the granaries of the south.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=72492&query=united%20states&ct=eb (658 words)

	Canals and artificial waterways - EPA/QPWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The construction of artificial waterways can have a significant impact on coastal resources and affect the values of adjacent coastal resources.
		Artificial waterways are defined as artificial channels, lakes or other bodies of water.
		A canal is a specific type of artificial waterway that is or will be connected to tidal water and where boating access to the tidal water is unhindered by locks or weirs.
	www.epa.qld.gov.au /ecoaccess/coastal_development/canals_and_artificial_waterways (164 words)

	Canal Folk Art Origins & Roots
		The building of a new network of entirely artificial waterways linking the existing river navigations together created a new trade, a new class of tradesman, and a peculiar style of inland cargo boat, the horse-drawn narrow boat with a carrying capacity of about twenty five tons.
		This was a huge improvement on the old pack horse system and the main canals made everyone a good deal of money in the early days, but at the peak of their prosperity they were faced very suddenly with the invention of their greatest rival, the railways.
		Waterways were not instantly uneconomic, but were just not so tempting to the fickle investor out for a quick profit.
	www.canaljunction.com /narrowboat/folk_art.htm (682 words)

	World Environment Day 2001 - School activities - Waterwatch waterways health check
		Waterway Health score sheet and paper to write and draw.
		If you have scored excellent you have a beautiful waterway and you should continue to look after your waterway so it stays that way.
		Waterwatch is a national community water monitoring and environmental education program with the goal of school and community groups and individuals active in the protection and management of their local waterways.
	www.deh.gov.au /education/publications/waterwatch.html (667 words)

	Lachlan River
		Waterways within urban areas are frequently substantially modified and generally carry poor-quality stormwater.
		Map: These waterways are shown as green lines on the map.
		This means that the RFO Mimic natural drying in temporary waterways is a priority.
	www.epa.nsw.gov.au /ieo/Lachlan/report-02.htm (2675 words)

	London Biodiversity Partnership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Canals are artificial waterways constructed for purposes of inland navigation.
		The need to maintain the waterway for boat traffic may also increase the threat to wildlife habitat as existing desilting and vegetation clearance regimes may need to be augmented.
		The accessibility and extensive recreational use of the London waterways provides valuable opportunities for raising awareness of biodiversity issues amongst audiences such as anglers and boaters, who need to be brought into Partnerships to ensure biodiversity conservation is integral to the management of the waterways.
	www.lbp.org.uk /02audit_pages/au12_canals.html (535 words)

	136 Wn.2d 911, RAVENSCROFT v. WATER POWER CO.
		While the primary intent of the recreational use statute (RCW 4.24.210) is to encourage landowners to make lands and waterways available for recreational uses, the statute also evidences a legislative intent to withhold immunity from landowners who know of a condition that is dangerous, hidden, and artificial and who fail to warn of the condition.
		Although the record shows the County had responsibility for boating safety and for marking hazards on all waterways in Spokane County, that responsibility does not result in ownership or possession and control of the property as required by the recreational use statute, RCW 4.24.210.
		Co., 46 Wn.2d 251, 280 P.2d 257 (1955) (within the context of attractive nuisance, man-made waterways were found to possess the same naturally occurring conditions as those in natural bodies of water).«8» To hold otherwise ignores the fact that the statutory immunity applies to both natural and man-made water areas.
	www.mrsc.org /mc/courts/supreme/136wn2d/136wn2d0911.htm (8545 words)

	House of Commons - Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs - Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence
		The Inland Waterways Association (IWA) is a registered charity, founded in 1946, which advocates the conservation, use, maintenance, restoration and development of the inland waterways for public benefit.
		In Roman Britain, artificial waterways were cut to provide arteries for trade, such as the Fossdyke which joins the River Witham to the River Trent.
		IWA will continue to campaign for the maintenance of existing towing paths at high standards, the reinstatement of towing paths which are currently impassable to their original condition and the provision of towing paths along rivers and other navigations where there are none at present.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmenvtra/167/167xp05.htm (1689 words)

	Caley Cruisers - canal history
		It was built to provide a short cut between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, avoiding the hazardous Pentland Firth on the north coast of the Scottish mainland.
		Canals are artificial waterways, and about a third of the Caledonian Canal is a man-made cutting which links a chain of natural lochs - Loch Lochy, Loch Oich, Loch Ness and Loch Dochfour.
		Canals have to be provided with a water supply, normally by means of reservoirs and feeder channels, but the Caledonian is unusual because the lochs that are its reservoir also form part of the waterway itself with weirs and sluices controlling the water levels.
	www.caleycruisers.co.uk /caledonian-canal-g.asp (407 words)

	Canals - Book List
		The bridges and buildings of the navigation companies, the impressive aqueducts and the ingenious systems of locks are all worthy of study by industrial archaeologists and waterway enthusiasts alike, for they are both a link with the past and a part of today's landscape.
		Many of the canals and waterways of Britain that are still navigable now carry more boats and traffic in the form of pleasure boating than ever they did in the heyday of commercial trading.
		This book, illustrated with archival photographs, traces the history of these artificial waterways, from their early days through to the decline of commercial traffic in the 1950s.
	www.waterexchangeuk.com /energybook/canals.htm (961 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Proceedings of The Conference on Dredging '84, Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division ASCE/Nov. 14-16, 1984.
		Margrethe-Kog and the Artificial Saltwater Lagoon: Evaluation of a Habitat Restoration Project in the Danish Wadden Sea.
		Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Hoffman, G.R. Artificial Establishment of Vegetation and Effects of Fertilizer Along Shorelines of Lakes Oahe and Sakakawea, Mainstem Missouri River Reservoirs.
	www.wetlands.org /networks/Restoration/restbibintro.txt (14948 words)

	PB Network \| Issue 49 \| Minimum Cost Canals: How Low Can You Go?
		Canals are artificial waterways built for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply and drainage.
		Artificial canals can depart from natural river valleys, passing through hills and watersheds and crossing over valleys and streams.
		Figure 2: Artificial canals are often built with cross sections of trapezoidal shape as shown.
	www.pbworld.com /news_events/publications/network/issue_49/49_33_FroehlichD_MinimumCostCanals.asp (2909 words)

	[No title]
		Artificial wetlands are receiving increasing attention for treating stormwater runoff, but little direct evidence is available to support their ability to perform this function.
		Artificial propagation of cattail by planting rhizomes was economically unsound because of the need for muskrat control and fencing, as well as labor involved in obtaining and planting rhizomes.
		Fauna in these artificial waterways and marshes were similar to those in nearby natural areas.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/literatr/wetresto/wetresto.txt (13371 words)

	Fort Lauderdale. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		A port of entry (Port Everglades), the city is located on New R. and a navigable canal to L. Okeechobee, and is interwoven with more than 270 mi/435 km of natural and artificial waterways.
		It has one of the largest marinas in the world and one of the most popular beaches in the country.
		Nearby are Port Everglades, a noted artificial port with heavy passenger (cruise ships) and freight traffic, and a state park.
	www.bartleby.com /69/2/F02402.html (205 words)

	canals and inland waterways -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		natural or artificial waterways used for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply, or drainage.
		Despite modern technological advances in air and ground transportation, inland waterways continue to fill a vital role and, in many areas, to grow substantially.
		More results on "canals and inland waterways" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9117291 (921 words)

	Canals - Book List
		His Waterways Photo Library is a result of many years of wandering around Britain’s canals and rivers with a camera.
		It is illustrated by photographs of boats on the inland waterways today and will act as a guide to those who want to search out the heritage of the working canals.
		Many of Britain’s navigable waterways now carry more traffic than they did in the supposed heyday of canals, though the traffic today is pleasure boats rather than commercial craft.
	www.shirebooks.com /Canals/canals-bl.htm (905 words)

	Inland waterway craft (from canals and inland waterways) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		While early navigation of natural rivers was dependent on the use of sail for upstream operation, towpaths and animal haulage were provided when rivers were canalized and artificial canals constructed.
		More results on "Inland waterway craft (from canals and inland waterways)" when you join.
		In part artificial, the waterway consists of a channel paralleling the coast behind barrier beaches, the channel being linked by a series of canals.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-72512?tocId=72512 (890 words)

	History of the Bridgewater Canal
		The first artificial navigable waterways in Britain were constructed by the Romans, including the Foss Dyke.
		However, much of the waterway was built as an artificial cut parallel to the river and only using the river in places.
		This gave him the idea to create a waterway that was independent from a river route.
	www.penninewaterways.co.uk /bridgewater/bri2.htm (892 words)

	Whitford's History of New York Canals. Chapter XX, The Delaware and Hudson Canal.
		Though it was no part of the State-owned system of artificial waterways, the story of its inception, its construction, its progress and its final elimination is inseparably interwoven with the history of the State – with its commercial development, its resources and its civilization.
		As far as possible the inhabitants were accustomed to use, for transportation facilities, the waterways upon which they had settled, as steam railways were not yet in existence.
		As problems of markets and of commerce began to engage their attention, it was but natural that in seeking to better the means of transportation they should turn first to the improvement of the natural channels of the streams, and later to the construction of other and artificial waterways.
	www.history.rochester.edu /canal/bib/whitford/1906/Chap20.html (7397 words)

	[No title]
		And for that reason, soon after the main canals were constructed, second and parallel waterways were made for the purpose of guaranteeing an uninterrupted flow of water from the Poles to the Equatorial regions.
		This particular canal is one of the main waterways on Mars, and appeared to be about a mile wide at the point of observation.
		Between the hills I observed a large body of water, and was informed that this was an artificial reservoir which had been created by the damming of a large valley.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext96/marsi10.txt (20953 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		164, nevertheless if petitioners prove their allegations that respondent's system of artificial waterways destroyed the navigability of surrounding natural waterways, it cannot be said as a matter of law that such proof would not constitute a defense under federal law to respondent's prayer for injective relief.
		The difference between the two questions is obvious: The first posits the diversion or destruction of a pre-existing natural navigable waterway in the process of construction of the private waterway, whereas the second does not.
		They argue that this is material because, if true, the court could conclude that the system of artificial waterways was substituted for the pre-existing natural system of navigable waterways.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=444&invol=206 (1629 words)

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