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Topic: Arytenoid

	Arytenoid Chondritis
		Arytenoid chondritis or chondropathy is a disease affecting the upper airway of the horse.
		Arytenoid chondritis is diagnosed using endoscopic examination in which a small camera enclosed in a tube is passed up the horse’s nasal passage in order to visualize the arytenoids.
		Arytenoid chondritis should be considered especially in performance horses that exhibit exercise intolerance and inspiratory noise.
	evrp.lsu.edu /healthtips/Arytenoid_Chondritis.htm (850 words)

	XI. Splanchnology. 1a. The Larynx. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Arytenoid Cartilages (cartilagines arytænoideæ) are two in number, and situated at the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage, at the back of the larynx.
		and vocal ligaments, the upper portion extends between the arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis and is often poorly defined; the lower part is a well-marked membrane forming, with its fellow of the opposite side, the conus elasticus which connects the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages to one another.
		The width and shape of the rima glottidis vary with the movements of the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages during respiration and phonation.
	www.bartleby.com /107/236.html (4530 words)

	Voice - LoveToKnow 1911
		The aperture is bounded in front by the epiglottis, e, behind by the summits of the arytenoid carti i lages, ar, and on the sides by two folds of mucous membrane, the aryteno-epiglottic folds, ae.
		The posterior arise from the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, and passing upwards and outwards are attached to the outer angle of the base of the arytenoid.
		The epiglottis, the cornicula laryngis, the cuneiform cartilages and the apices of the aryten 13 oids are composed of yellow or elastic fibro-cartilage, whilst the cartilage of all the others is of the hyaline variety, resembling that of the costal or rib..
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Voice (4827 words)

	eMedicine - Arytenoid Dislocation : Article Excerpt by: Joshua S Schindler, MD
		Arytenoid dislocation and arytenoid subluxation (AS) are rare laryngeal injuries that are usually thought to occur as complications of upper aerodigestive tract instrumentation.
		Because the clinical presentation of arytenoid malposition and dysphonia are common to AS/arytenoid dislocation and vocal fold paralysis, further studies are needed to establish the incidence of arytenoid trauma.
		Posterolateral force applied to the arytenoid by the convex curve of the endotracheal tube as it passes into the airway is one suggested mechanism for posterior AS.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/byname/arytenoid-dislocation.htm (630 words)

	Laryngeal Paralysis - WSAVA 2004 Congress
		Edema and erythema of the mucosa of the arytenoid cartilages is present on the dorsal part of the larynx and appear to be due to repeat trauma of the arytenoid touching each other at each inspiration.
		One 2-0 non-absorbable suture is placed in a horizontal mattress pattern from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage to the caudo-dorsal edge of the cricoid cartilage and tightened to maintain the arytenoid in position.
		A mineralized arytenoid cartilage may crumble if a suture needle is forced through it; therefore, holes are predrilled in the cartilage with a sharp 18-gauge hypodermic needle before the suture is passed.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2004&PID=8767&O=Generic (2002 words)

	JNL 4: A CINEFLUOROGRAPHIC PILOT STUDY OF THE THROAT WHILE VIBRATO TONES ARE PLAYED ON FLUTE AND OBOE
		Within the cartilage structure are the arytenoid cartilages which are able to move in a variety of ways they can glide medially and laterally as well as rotate, and may slide forward and backward with restricted movements.
		Arytenoid and aryepiglottic fold motion of subjects four and six was not shown on the tracings.
		The aryepiglottic folds and the arytenoids were moving at the speed of each player's vibrato, and the vocal folds were also assumed to be moving at the player's vibrato rate.
	www.zainea.com /vibrato.htm (3371 words)

	Left Recurrent Laryngeal Hemiplegia Roaring
		This muscle (the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle) enlarges the diameter of the airways during exercise by pulling the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord away from the midline of the larynx.
		As a result, the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord on the left side of the larynx collapse and are sucked into the airway during exercise.
		The laryngeal ventricles are outpouchings of mucosa bounded medially by the arytenoid cartilages and vocal cords.
	www.netpets.org /horses/reference/gencare/roar.html (805 words)

	eMedicine - Arytenoid Fixation : Article by Robert A Buckmire, MD
		Motion of the arytenoid is characterized primarily as the arytenoid rocking over the long axis of the cricoid facet and gliding parallel to the long axis, as well as a small component of axial movement pivoting on the CA ligament.
		Although CT scanning may help in demonstrating arytenoid dislocation or cartilaginous fracture, the extent of ossification of the laryngeal cartilage and the plane and thickness of the sections limit the sensitivity of CT. In patients in whom the arytenoid is not ossified (ie, children, young adults), CT imaging is relatively unrevealing.
		For example, in joint fixation resulting from traumatic fracture or dislocation of the CA joint, expedient relocation of the displaced arytenoid appears to be the procedure of choice, similar to the treatment choice for a dislocated knee or shoulder.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic609.htm (2915 words)

	JNL 4: A CINEFLUOROGRAPHIC PILOT STUDY OF THE THROAT WHILE VIBRATO TONES ARE PLAYED ON FLUTE AND OBOE (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		Within the cartilage structure are the arytenoid cartilages which are able to move in a variety of ways they can glide medially and laterally as well as rotate, and may slide forward and backward with restricted movements.
		Arytenoid and aryepiglottic fold motion of subjects four and six was not shown on the tracings.
		The aryepiglottic folds and the arytenoids were moving at the speed of each player's vibrato, and the vocal folds were also assumed to be moving at the player's vibrato rate.
	idrs.colorado.edu /Publications/Journal/JNL4/vibrato.html (3371 words)

	Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		Tissue running from the lateral border of the epiglottis in a posterior and inferior direction to the arytenoid cartilages is known as the aryepiglottic folds.
		The arytenoid cartilage is a paired structure, triangular shaped with a broad base, apex, and three faces.
		The arytenoids are positioned on articular facets at the posterolateral portion of the cricoid cartilage.
	www.otoweb.org /clinics_folder/voice_clinic_folder/courses/kim/index.htm (4517 words)

	Laryngeal Hemiplegia - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Diagnosis is confirmed by endoscopic observation of reduced or absent mobility of the arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold.
		Although arytenoid chondritis may be confused with laryngeal hemiplegia, misdiagnosis can be avoided by observation of the shape and size of the arytenoid cartilages.
		The axial (medial) surface of the arytenoid cartilage may be distorted with granulation tissue protruding through the mucosa, and a contact (kissing) lesion may be present on the contralateral arytenoid cartilage.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/121313.htm (645 words)

	Vocal Cord Paralysis & Medialization
		The cartilages of the larynx consist of the thyroid cartilage, the epiglottis, the cricoid cartilage, and the arytenoid cartilages.
		Given that the arytenoid cartilage is mobile and the ansa cervicalis has not been disrupted, reinnervation with a nerve-muscle pedicle or recurrent laryngeal nerve – ansa cervicalis anastomosis should be considered.
		The Woodman procedure involves a lateral neck incision, exposure of the arytenoid cartilage posteriorly with removal of the majority of the cartilage, sparing the vocal process.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Vocal-cord-040428/Vocal-cord-040428.htm (8053 words)

	Airway Physiology and Reflexes
		Quadrangular Membrane- upper part of the elastic membrane of the larynx, extending from the lateral margin of the epiglottis to the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages, and inferiorly to form the vestibular ligament (false cord).
		-consists of three parts: externus- draws the arytenoid forward and adducts the vocal fold by rotating the arytenoid toward the midline; ventricle, and posteriorly by reflection of ventricle, and posteriorly by reflection of ventricle, and posteriorly by reflection of ventricle, and posteriorly by reflection of the pyriform mucosa.
		synovial joint with a capsular ligament between the base of the arytenoid cartilage and the facet on the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=14073 (4457 words)

	Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		Tissue running from the lateral border of the epiglottis in a posterior and inferior direction to the arytenoid cartilages is known as the aryepiglottic folds.
		The arytenoid cartilage is a paired structure, triangular shaped with a broad base, apex, and three faces.
		The arytenoids are positioned on articular facets at the posterolateral portion of the cricoid cartilage.
	otoweb.org /clinics_folder/voice_clinic_folder/courses/kim/index.htm (4517 words)

	Treatment of Unilateral Adductor Vocal Cord Paralysis
		On the superior surface of the posterior aspect are the articular facets of the arytenoid cartilages.
		The exact articulation between the cricoid and arytenoid is an important concept in arytenoid adduction.
		Arytenoid Cartilages: The arytenoids sit on the posterior lateral aspects of the cricoid cartilage.
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=13095 (7687 words)

	prevertebral region (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		Bilateral paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoids due to damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerves is a respiratory emergency and may require a tracheostomy.
		from the internal surface of the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage.
		The vertical fibers of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles pull the arytenoid cartilages laterally to further open the rima glottidis.
	www.mednote.co.kr /ANATOMY/13-preverteb&larynx.htm (867 words)

	Arytenoid cartilage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arytenoid cartilages are three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx and allow the vocal cords to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated.
		The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small pyramid-shaped cartilages, at the upper rear of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached.
		The Arytenoid Cartilages are two in number, and situated at the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage, at the back of the larynx.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arytenoid_cartilage (509 words)

	Treatment of Unilateral Adductor Vocal Cord Paralysis
		The arytenoids sit on the posterior lateral aspects of the cricoid cartilage.
		Arytenoid adduction can be used in conjunction with medialization thyroplasty and re-innervation surgery. Currently, no other procedure corrects for a discrepancy in vocal cord level and few other procedures effectively address a wide posterior chink.
		If there is any fixation of the arytenoid cartilages, a nerve anastomosis should not be used. This procedure cannot be performed on a patient who has had disruption of the ansa cervicalis, either by surgery, trauma, or neurological process.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/VC-paralysis-001108/VC-paralysis-001108.htm (2459 words)

	[No title]
		Arytenoid Cartilages — pairs of three-sided pyramids that articulate iwht lateral parts of the superior border of the cricoid cartilage lamina.
		The quadrangular membrane is a thin, submucosal sheet of connective tissue that extends b/w the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages.
		This fold lies superior to the vocal fold and extends from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage.
	www.med.unc.edu /wms/firstaid/ga4-hn11.doc (2341 words)

	LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		In left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia, the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle is paralyzed so that the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord on the affected side collapse into the larynx during inhalation and obstruct the airways.
		The collapse of the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord in horses with left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia affects inspiratory airflow and impedance (resistance to airflow).
		In partial arytenoidectomy, the arytenoid cartilage and corniculate cartilage are removed to increase the diameter of the rima glottidis.
	cvm.msu.edu /RESEARCH/PULMON/site/respiratory_diseases/diseases/LH/mainFrame.html (1955 words)

	Left Recurrent Laryngeal Hemiplegia ("Roaring")
		As a result, the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord on the left side of the larynx collapse and are sucked into the airway during exercise.
		If the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord are observed to collapse into the airway during strenuous exercise on a high speed treadmill, then a diagnosis of left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is confirmed.
		The laryngeal ventricles are outpouchings of mucosa bounded medially by the arytenoid cartilages and vocal cords.
	www.netpets.com /horses/healthspa/roar.html (805 words)

	The Larynx
		The cuneiform (L. wedge-shaped) cartilages lie in the aryepiglottic folds and are approximated to the tubercle of the epiglottis when the inlet of the larynx is closed during swallowing.
		These articulations are located between the bases of the arytenoid cartilages and the superior sloping surfaces of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.
		It extends from the arytenoid cartilage to the cartilage of the epiglottis.
	download.videohelp.com /vitualis/med/larynx.htm (1860 words)

	Acta Cirurgica Brasileira - Aging histological changes in the cartilages of the cricoarytenoid joint (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		The CAJ is formed by the apposition of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages' articular facets.
		In group I, the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages exhibited hyaline matrices with chondrocytes which were typically flattened in the articular surface and rounded in the deep portion, either isolated or aggregated.
		Cricoid and arytenoid ossification is present subcortically in younger specimens with involvement of the center of the cartilage in older larynges.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-86502004000200010&lng=es&nrm=iso (2443 words)

	ARYTENOID, CORNICULATE, & CUNEIFORM CARTILAGES (Site not responding. Last check: 0000-00-00)
		At the superior tip of each arytenoid cartilage is a small, corniculate cartilage.
		The movement of the arytenoid cartilages controls the length and position of the vocal folds, which are attached to the arytenoid cartilages.
		Two, small cuneiform cartilages support the soft tissues of the aryepiglottic folds that connects the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis.
	www.getbodysmart.com /ap/respiratorysystem/larynx/smallcartilages/tutorial.html (72 words)

	Welcome to ENTanand.com
		These evaluation are useful for determining position of the paralysed vocal cord, arytenoid and the amount of phonatory gap.
		Arytenoid adduction is technically more difficult to perform than the Type I Thyroplasty (Zeitals - 1999 and Zeitals, Hillman - 1998).
		This is made simpler by cutting out a posterior thyroplasty window to access the arytenoid, CA joint and muscles acting on the arytenoid.
	www.entanand.com /mainframe_phono.htm (3220 words)

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