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Topic: Aschiza

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	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Their distinguishing feature is that the adults, unlike other Cyclorrhapha, lack an organ called the ptilinum, an inflatable sac situated on the front of the head which helps the newly hatched fly emerge from the pupa.
		Scuttle-flies, (family Phoridae), are one of the main groups in the Aschiza and it is likely that the current total of 2500 species is a considerable underestimate.
		Calyptrates are a larger group than the Aschiza, and can be roughly divided into four smaller groups, each containing families that are quite similar to one another.
	www.fathom.com /feature/190259 (5218 words)

	A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain
		The remaining families of Diptera apart from Nematocera and Aschiza that were not dealt with by Falk (1991) are reviewed in three further parts within the JNCC Species Status Review series.
		Most members of the Chaoboridae and Bibionidae would not merit inclusion and as these families were not considered by Falk (1991) it has not been practicable to gather data on those few species which might be worthy of inclusion.
		The Pipunculidae have received less attention than most of these other groups and it was necessary to devote more time to checking data against collections and consultation with specialists in order to arrive at more reliable assessments of their status.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-3353 (737 words)

	Systematics and taxonomy of the hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) and related groups - FMNH
		Analyses used several character sets and were run using a paralellized version of the optimisation alignment program POY using multiple processors on a Unix computer at CSC (Centre for Scientific Computing, Espoo, Finland).
		Presently funded by the Finnish Ministry of Environment for project “Diptera Cyclorrhapha Aschiza: molecular systematics and faunal survey”, concentrating on poorly known groups of Syrphidae (hoverflies), the family Platypezidae (flatfooted flies), and the family Pipunculidae (big-headed flies).
		The hoverflies are one of the most well-known groups of two-winged insects (Diptera), but despite long-time taxonomic research using morphological characteristics multiple unresolved taxonomical species level questions remain.
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /english/zoology/entomology/research/hoverflies.htm (518 words)

	WilsonWeb: Full Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The monophyly of Acalyptratae is not well-founded and the relationships between acalyptrate superfamilies remain obscure.
		Most recent studies instead have concluded that "Aschiza" are probably paraphyletic with respect to Schizophora (31, 55, 60, 177, 199), and we refer to them as lower Cyclorrhapha.
		The lower Brachycera (Orthorrhapha) are represented on the diagram by the infraorders Stratiomyomorpha, Xylophagomorpha, and Tabanomorpha and the superfamilies Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea, and Empidoidea.
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /Courses/Eeb477/Yeates_Wiegmann_99.htm (10239 words)

	Diptera
		The ptilinum is a sac which is everted during the emergence of the adult fly to assist in breaking free of the puparium.
		The Aschiza lack the ptilinum whereas it is present in the Schizophora.
		Wada, S. Morphological evidence for the direct sister group relationship between the Schizophora and the Syrphoidea (Aschiza) in the phylogenetic systematics of the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera).
	www2.ncsu.edu /unity/lockers/ftp/bwiegman/fly_html/diptera.html (1597 words)

	BES - Grant Reports - SEPG 1394
		It then became clear that certain species were found by one method only.
		If the proportion of species in each taxonomic group captured by Sweep+D-vac only found by that method is plotted against the proportion found only in pitfall traps then the Hemiptera, Brachycera, Aschiza, Acalypterates and Nematocera have a high uniqueness in Sweep+D-vac samples, presumably because most inhabit the vegetation canopy.
		By contrast, Lycosidae, Carabidae, Staphilinidae and Coleoptera scavengers have a high uniqueness in pitfall traps, because many are surface active species.
	www.britishecologicalsociety.org /articles/grants/reports/1394 (640 words)

	Aschiza - BugGuide.Net
		Home » Guide » Arthropods (Arthropoda) »; Hexapods (Hexapoda) »; Insects (Insecta) »; Winged Insects (Pterygota) »; Flies (Diptera) »; Aschiza
		Arthropods (Arthropoda) »; Hexapods (Hexapoda) »; Insects (Insecta) »; Winged Insects (Pterygota) »; Flies (Diptera) »; Aschiza » Syrphid Flies (Syrphidae)
		Interesting looking project to create a guide for Ontario's syrphids.
	www.bugguide.net /node/view/14930/bglink (564 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This poses the question of how the bicoid gene evolved and adopted its unique function in organizing anterior-posterior polarity.
		The cyclorrhaphan flies are divided into two subordinate groups: the Aschiza and the Schizophora.
		Therefore, it is different from the monophyletic group of schizophoran flies that includes Drosophila and the few other species where, to date, bicoid has been identified.
	bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il /databases/flybase/allied-data/interactive-fly/segment/bicoid2.htm (6486 words)

	[Syrphidae] Efficiency of trapping methods for flower flies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hello fellow dipterists (not just syrphid workers, I hope), Chris' "lazy" message enquiring about traps and syrphids seems a good excuse to enter your discussion site and introduce myself and my work.
		I have been researching the Syrphidae (and a few other fly families, mainly Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha Aschiza) since 1973, professionally, and Chris was my Advisor when I spent more than a year at the Smithsonian Institution (not "Institute" !!) in 1982-83 as a Post-doctoral Fellow.
		On return to India I faced problems with academic "politics" here and so opted to rather work on whatever research projects that came my way (one on Tiger Beetles, Coleoptera: Cicindelidae; another on our Butterflies, etc.) largely as a "freelancer" living on our family farm, doing agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry.
	lists.nottingham.ac.uk /pipermail/syrphidae/2005-June/000332.html (1185 words)

	Insect Syst. Evol. vol. 31
		Despite their significance the relationships among lower cyclorrhaphans (‘Aschiza’) remain controversial in spite of several morphologically based phylogenetic analyses.
		We sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of 28S rDNA for taxa representing all lower cyclorrhaphan families (except Ironomyiidae), four schizophoran families, and seven empidoid outgroup taxa.
		Consequently, the former grouping known as Aschiza, which included syrphids and pipunculids, is not a valid monophyletic clade.
	www.zmuc.dk /EntoWeb/InSysEvol/vol33.htm (4524 words)

	Fly Times, Issue 24, April 2000
		This prodigious work is really a misnomer as it only deals with Diptera of the "Cyclorrhapha" (from the Aschiza through Calyptrata).
		Nematocera and orthorrhaphous Brachycera are not dealt with (for reasons not elucidated in the introduction).
		Overall the work is well produced and the numerous illustrations are well drafted and printed.
	www.nadsdiptera.org /News/FlyTimes/issue24.htm (7569 words)

	Abstracts of Verhandlungen d. Zool.Bot.Ges. - Volume 137, [2000]
		Selected groups of Diptera of dry grass habitats.
		123 Diptera species from 28 families of the groups Orthorrhapha, Aschiza and Acalyptratae were captured with pitfall traps and hand nets on three dry turf sites of the Nature Reserve Eichkogel near Mödling in Lower Austria between March and November 1994.
		Tricimba brachyptera (Chloropidae) dominates all three research areas.
	www.univie.ac.at /zoobot/abstr137.htm (1749 words)

	Natural History Research Papers - Robber Flies of Rhadiurgus variabilis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Oldroyd, H. Family Asilidae in A catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region, Vol.
		II, Suborder Brachycera through Division Aschiza, Suborder Cyclorrhapha (M.D. Delfinado and D.E. Hardy, eds.).
		Reichardt, H. Unterzuchungen ueber den Genitalapparat der Asiliden.
	rbcm1.rbcm.gov.bc.ca /nh_papers/rhadiurgus.html (4347 words)

	The anterior determinant bicoid of Drosophila is a derived Hox class 3 gene -- Stauber et al. 96 (7): 3786 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Megaselia abdita (Phoridae, Aschiza), and show that the gene originated
		In a search for bicoid homologs in lower dipteran species, we used degenerated PCR primers to amplify DNA fragments containing
		two subordinate groups: the Aschiza and the Schizophora.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/7/3786 (2880 words)

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